Conidiophores produced singly or in groups of 2-4, erect, straight or flexuous, black and opaque for much of their length and brown to dark brown above; only the upper transverse septa can be seen. They are up to 700um lone, 9-14.5um wide just above the has, which may be swollen up to 20um wide. Conidiophores taper to 5.8-7.2um wide at the apex which can bear up to 11 percurrent proliferations.

Conidia broadly obovoid at first, finally broadly obovoid to spherical; they are translucent when young thus permitting the hyaline, thick (up to 9um) inner wall to be seen, but at maturity the outer wall (c. 0.5-0.7um thick) is dark brown to black and opaque. The basal scar is flattened, 5.8-7.2um wide, on a slight pojection, and bears a short fringe of outer wall. Conidia measure 25-55 X 21-49.5um mostly 31-47 X 28-40um

Coloniae sparsae effusae

Mycelium plerumque immersurn, ex hyphis ramosis septatis, pallide brunneis vel atrobrunneis 1.8-6um crassis compositum cellulis hypharum circa basem conidiophororurn inflatis et ad 16.2um crassis

Conidiophora singulariter nata vel 2-4 aggregata, sparsa, crecta, simplicia, plerumque recta, attenuata septata, ad 700um longa, supra basim 9-14.5um m crassa. cellulis basalibus inflatis ad 20gm kit- at atra crasso-tunicata, apicem versus 5.8-7.2um crassa et atrobrunnea vel brunnea. Conidiophora per 1 - 11 proliferationes conidiogenas percurrentes elongescentia.

Conidia singula primo in apice conidiophori et de in proliferationis cujusque successivae oriunda, primo late obovoidea dein late obovoidea vel sphaerica, basi cicatrice plana subfimbriata 5.8-7.2um lat. praedita, continua, laevia; tunica externa atrobrunnea vel atia, tenuis (c. 0.5-0.7um), frigilis, tunica in terna hyalina, crassa (ad 9um) Conidia 25-55 X 21-49.5um. plerumque 31-47 X 28-40um

Hyphae mostly immersed, branched. septate. pale brown to brown, 3.5-7.2um wide. Conidiophores erect. straight or flexuous. black and opaque for much of their length and pale brown to brown above: only the upper transverse septa can be seen. They are tip to 720um long. 10-16um widebelow, tapering to 5.5-6.5um wide at the apex which can bear up to 9 percurrent proliferations.

Conidia subspherical at first but soon becoming broadly ellipsoidal to broadly obovoid and at maturity they are frequently more-or-less oblong. Conidia are translucent when young and also at maturity when they are brown to dark brown thus permitting the thick, hyaline inner wall to be seen. Conidia measure 26-54 X 21.5-30.5um, mostly 36-48 X 24-27um

Hyphae mostly immersed, branched, septate, pale brown to dark brown, 2-6um wide; hyphae around the base of conidiophores generally wider and up to 9um wide.

Conidiophores produced singly or in groups of up to 10, erect, straight or flexuous, brown to dark brown for much of their length and brown to pale brown above; they are translucent throughout and the transverse septa can be seen. Conidiophores are 100-730um long, 7.2-10.5um wide just above the base which may be swollen up to 13um wide; they taper to 3.6-5.4um wide at the apex which can bear up to 17 percurrent proliferations.

Conidia almost entirely subspherical with a scar 3.6-5.4um wide on a short denticle, occasionally very slightly obovoid; the outer wall is c. 0.6um thick, brown and translucent permitting the thick (c. 6mm) hyaline inner wall to he seen. Conidia measure 17-30 x 15.5-30um.

On dead wood and bark (1) Coprosma foetidisima, Wellington Prov., near Horopito. 8.111.1963, J.M.D., DAOM 96276; (2) Leptospermum scopparium, Auckland Prov., Anawhata Road. Waitakare Range, 3.X.1963, DA0M 96272; (3) Ripogonum scandens, North Auckland, Puketi Forest, 20.VI.1963, J.M.D., DAOM 93841; (4) unidentified host, Auckland Prov., Titirangi, 22.1.1963, DAOM 96280.

Coloniae sparsae effusae

Mycelium plerumque immersurn, ex hyphis ramosis septatis, pallide brunneis vel atrobrunneis 1.8-6um crassis compositum cellulis hypharum circa basem conidiophororurn inflatis et ad 16.2um crassis

Conidiophora singulariter nata vel 2-4 aggregata, sparsa, crecta, simplicia, plerumque recta, attenuata septata, ad 700um longa, supra basim 9-14.5um m crassa. cellulis basalibus inflatis ad 20gm kit- at atra crasso-tunicata, apicem versus 5.8-7.2um crassa et atrobrunnea vel brunnea. Conidiophora per 1 - 11 proliferationes conidiogenas percurrentes elongescentia.

Conidia singula primo in apice conidiophori et de in proliferationis cujusque successivae oriunda, primo late obovoidea dein late obovoidea vel sphaerica, basi cicatrice plana subfimbriata 5.8-7.2um lat. praedita, continua, laevia; tunica externa atrobrunnea vel atia, tenuis (c. 0.5-0.7um), frigilis, tunica in terna hyalina, crassa (ad 9um) Conidia 25-55 X 21-49.5um. plerumque 31-47 X 28-40um

On dead stems and wood, Auckland Prov., (1)Hedychium gardnerianum, Epsom, 13.1.1963, S.D., PDD 20457 (DAOM 156661); (2, 3) Zea mays Mt Albert, Auckland, 1.VIII.1963, S.D. and J.M.D., PDD 21381 (DAOM 156660), DAOM 156662; (4) unidentified wood, Brooklyn, Hamilton, 24.1.1963, DAOM 96285.

Conidia lenticular, 5.5-8.3um diam. in face view, 3.4-5.3um thick with a circumferential hyaline germ slit.

On dead wood and bark, Auckland Prov., (1) Beilschmiedia tawa, Mangorewa Gorge, 20.111.1963, DAOM 96140; (2) 8. tawa, Mamaku State Forest, 22.111.1963, DAOM 93327; (3) unidentified host, Mamaku State Fore st, 22.111.1963, J.G., DAOM 93796.

The conidiophores are composed of a simple main stalk which bears a single terminal conidiumat its apex and presumably on successive terminal ovoid to obpyriform percurrent proliferations. Some, but not all conidiophores, bear a few lateral 1- or a few-celled scattered or paired branches which bear a solitary terminal conidium with subsequent conidia produced on successive percurrent proliferations. Conidia are obovoid to obpyriform, uniformly pale brown to brown. predominantly 3-septate (pseudo-septate), with the walls progressively thinner toward the unfringed basal scar which is 2.7-4 um wide. Conidia measure 23.5-38 x 11.7-21.6um mostly 27-36 X 12.5-18um. The larger conidia are those which develop terminally on the main stalk. the lateral ones being smaller and somewhat paler.

The presence of branches on the main stalk of the conidiophore is evidently a variable character. In the type collection, and the other collections at my disposal, branches may be absent on some conidiophores which are robust and apparently mature. In one collection (DA0M 109267) only simple conidiophores were found: conidium characters match those of conidia produced on branched conidiophores in other collections.

Successive ovoid to obpyriform percurrent proliferations are usually present on the apex of themain stalk and its branches and it is likely that the apex of each proliferation was the site of a solitary conidium. Most proliferations seem to have arisen. it the apex of a conidiogenous cell, presumably from a half septum left by the seceded conidium. The wall of the proliferation may also extend down to the lower septum of a conidiogenous cell

References: Ellis (1971), Hughes (op. cit.).

On dead leaves of a grass, Wellington Prov., Tongariro National Park, Mania Camp Site, 5.111. 1963, F.J.M., DAOM 93639

I collected this species on dead bark of Eucalyptus sp. in South Australia: (1) National Park, Adelaide, 8,VII.1963, PDD 21425 (DAOM 93637) and (2) Kuitpo Forest Area, 10.VII.1963, PDD 21509 (DAOM 93636).

Colonies olivaceous to dark brown to almost black, powdery. They may be extensive and continuous or composed of separate. more-or-less pulvinate fructification, up to 3 mm wide but wider by confluence. Mycelium immersed and superficial, composed of branched. septate, pale brown to dark brown hyphae 15-9um wide. Narrower, branched irregular hyphae may be concentrated in surface layers of the host tissues to form a thin, black, and extensive layer which can extend well beyond the fruiting part of the colony; this layer may then dip deeply into the host tissues. The broader. superficial hyphae arise from hyphae of the blackened layer and may grow along the surface of the host.

Conidiophores are crowded, mostly erect, and arise as lateral branches of immersed or superficial hyphae or as the ends of hyphae growing out from the host. They are composed of a well defined main stalk up to 1 mm long, transversely septate (at 90degrees) at 40-100um intervals, 9-11um wide, dark brown, and thick-walled (up to 2um) and smooth to coarsely roughened below, whereas above they are thinner walled, paler, pale brown, and always finely roughened. The basal part of the main stalk, is cylindrical and straight or flexuous, then tapering toward a bluntly rounded apex 4.5-6.5um wide; occasionally it may terminate in a torsive portion 3.2-4.5um wide with oblique septa. The main stalk bears up to 9 upwardly curved primary branches which in turn bear secondary branches; tertiary branches are also usually produced. The main stalk is usually simple but may bear toward the base one or more equally robust branches each of which more-or-less repeats the morphology of a conidiophore with a simple main stalk. Anastomoses between conidiophores have been seen. The lower primary branches are generally cylindrical and straight below with distant transverse septa but toward the apex they are always torsive and more closely, and obliquely septate. The upper primary branches and the secondary and tertiaiy branches arenearly always torsive with cells 11-23um lone and the septa are oblique. Conidiogenous extensions are produced laterally and singly below most of the septa of the torsive portions of the conidiophores; at first these grow parallel to the branch that bears them but with further growth they encircle the branch up to 11 times. They are pale brown. roughened, 2-3.5um wide, up to 18um long, and very irregularly denticulate with scars of fallen conidia.

Conidia are blastic and mostly produced unilaterally. in sympodial succession on the conidiogenous extensions; during development a hyaline separating cell 0.7-1.1um long and 1.3-1.5um wide is differentiated, separating the conidium from the conidiogenous extension. Conidia are ovoid to obovoid, sometimes inequilateral, with a flat basal scar often bearing an inconspicuous frill resulting front the tearing of the separating cell. They are pale brown to dark brown, very finely roughened, thick-walled (tip to 0.9um ) with a paler, mostly elliptical area of wall (presumably a germination pore) 2.5-3.5um long and 2.1um wide, usually in a lateral position. Conidia measure 6.4-8.6 X 4.8-5.7um and in undisturbed conidiophores they occur in botryose clusters

Coloniae olivaceae vel atrobrunneae, pulverulentae, ex fructificationibus aliquando pulvinatis sed plerumque late effusis compositae.

Mycelium immersum et superficiale, 15-9um lat. Hyphae angustiores stratum atrum, tenue, late etfusum in ligno formantes; hyphae superficiales latiores repentes vel erectae, atrobrunneae. conidiophora gerentes.

Conidiophora densa, effusa, ad 1 mm longa his ramosa, i.e. cum stipite et ramis primariis secondariisque sympodialiter oriundis. Stipes rectus vel flexuosus, basi atrobrunneus, 9-11um lat., septatus. cellulis 40-100um long., crassotunicatis (ad 2um), laevibus vel fortiter asperatis; apicern versus angustior, 4.5-6.5um lat., pallidior, aliquando torsivus, cellulis brevioribus leniter asperatis. Rami sursum curvati, yet apicem versus vel omnino torsivi, brunnei vel pallide brunnei, cellulis 11-23um long., asperatis, septis obliquis, Prolongatio conidiogena singula producta est ad apicern cellularum plerarumque ramorum torsivorum. Proliferationes 2-3.5um lat., subeylindricae, usque ad 18um long., saepe cellulam sequentem circinantes, cicatricibus subdenticulatis praeditae.

Conidia (sympodioconidia) ovoidea vel obovoidea, aliquando inaequilateralia, 6.4-8.6 X 4.8-5.7um basi plus minusve plana, pallide brunnea vel atrobrunnea, leniter asperata, crasso-tunicata (ad0.9um), poro germinationis aequatoriali plerumque elliptico 2.5-3.5um long.. X 2.1um lat, praedita

On dead hark, ( 1 ) Pseudowintera colorata Nelson Prov., Murchison, 19.1V.1956, S.D.B. & P.J.B., PDD 18306 (DAOM 93635); (2) Quintinia Westland. Granville Forest, Orwell Creek. 3.1V.1963. PDD 20739 (type) (DAOM 93649).

Colonies olivaceous to dark brown powdery, composed of crowded hemispherical fructifications up to 2mm across which occasionally coalesce.

The mycelium is immersed in the tissues below the periderm of dead branches, forming an extensive thin stroma the outer layers of which are dark brown. Here and there below the periderm, large, more-or-less irregular, conical stromata are formed and these extend through a break in the periderm and form an exposed cushion up to 500um wide; such stromata are mostly hyaline within with dark brown outer layers of cells.

Conidiophores are crowded on the stromata. erect in the centre but toward the margin they are increasingly divergent. They are composed of a poorly differentiated main stalk up to 600um long, 3.6-4.5um wide and brown below, expanding gradually to 5.8-6.3um wide above and slightly paler, transversely septate (at 90 degrees ). with the cells as long as 36um below and as short as 12um above, undulate to tortuous and roughened throughout and bearing at different levels up to 6 alternate or unilateral primary branches which may bear secondary branches. Lateral branches more-or-less repeat the morphology of the main stalk. Anastomoses between contiguous conidiophores have been seen. Conidiogenous extensions are pro duced laterally and singly below most of the upper Septa of the main stalk and below nearly all the septa of its branches. At first these grow parallel to the branch that heirs them but finally they bend and almost encircle the branch; they are 2.3-3.6µm wide, pile brown, rough-walled, irregular in outline with the scars of fallen conidia, and up to 16µm long. Occasionally, conidiogenous extensions may continue growth upwards as lateral branches.

Conidia are blastic and mostly produced unilaterally, in sympodial succession, on the conidiogenous extensions and similarly on the apex of the main stalk and many of its branches; during development a hyaline separating cell 0.7-1.0um long and 1.3-1.5µm wide is differentiated, separating the conidium from the conidiogenous extension, Conidia are subglobose to ovoid to obovoid, with a more-or-less fiat scar sometimes bearing an inconspicuous frill resulting from the tearing of the separating cell. They are brown to dark brown. roughened, thick-walled (up to 0.71um) with a paler, more-or-less circular area of wait (presumably a germination pore) 1.5-2.5um in diameter, usually in an equatorial position. Conidia measure 6.5-8.6 x 5.7-6.5µm and in undisturbed conidiophores they occur in botryose clusters.

Holotypus in cortice putrido Quintiniae serrata, ---Westland. Granville Forest. Orwell Creek, Ahaura 3.IV. 1963, S.J.H., PDD 20739 (DAOM 93649).

Colonies black, effuse, composed of erect conidiophores. Mycelium mostly immersed. composed of branched, septate, subhyaline to brown hyphae 1.5-3.5um wide. Conidiophores widely scattered or crowded, arising singly or in groups of up to 6, simple, finally up to 300µm long with the cells 12-22um Iong, usually bulbous and up to 9.5µm wide at the base. then 4.5-5.5um wide. and tapering to 3.5um toward the apex, brown to dark brown toward the base, paler toward the apex; the base characteristically bear, rooting hyphae. Some conidiophores are inconspi . cuously and transversely ridged toward the distal end.

Conidia produced bIasticalIy on successive new growing points toward the apex of the conidiophore which becomes swollen, up to 9µm and denticulate with the scars of fallen conidia. Conidiophores can produce a terminal extension which produces a cluster of successive conidia on the apex which also becomes swollen; up to 5 such successive extensions of a single conidiophore have been seen.

Conidia are dry, 1-septate, smooth, oblong to broadly ellipsoidal, sometimes somewhat narrowed medially, sIightIy denticuiate at the basal scar. pile brown to brown and uniformly pigmented or darker above the septum; they have a minute paler zone at the apex. Conidia measure 7- 1.5 x 4.5-5.7um. Conidia (? chlamydospores) produced on supeificial hyphae are sessile, broadiy ellipsoidal to obovoid. uiformly brown, continuous, and measure 7.2-10.8 x 4.5-5.4um.

The collections cited above are in excellent agreement with the original illustrated account by de Hoog (op cit.). Examination of a derivative of the type isolation of C. oblongispora Matsushima ( 1975) indicates that this name is based on C. ellipsoidea.

Cordana ellipsoidea is reminiscent of Arthrobot yella hernica Sibilia (1928), the type species of Arthrobotryella, described on rotten wood from Italy. Conidia of A. hernica were illustrated and described as ellipsoidal [to oblong]. 10.35 x 5.20um, and produced on denticles on a series of swellings on simple erect conidiophores. The genus was indicated as morphologically analogous to Gonabotrys and Gonabotrys in these two genera the swellings on the conidiophore precede synchronous conidium production whereas in Cordana the swellings are a direct result of successive conidium production. No type material of Arthrobotryella hernica is now in existence (Sibilia, in litt. 1954) and so far as I am aware the species has not been redescribed.

References: de Hoog (op. cit.), Matsushima 1975), Udagawa & Furuya ( 1975).

References: Bhatt & Kendrick (op. cit.), Hughes (1951e, as Diplorhinotrichum)

Colonies effuse. thin. brown, mixed with other fungi. Mycelium immersed, composed of branched. septate, pale brown to brown hyphae 1.7-7.2um wide.

Conidiophores scattered, arising singly or in tufts of two or three, erect, simple, straight or flexuous, subcylindrical, septate, pale brown, paler toward the apex, 5.4-6um wide with the basal cell sometimes swollen tip to 8um, 4.3-5µm wide at the apex. 35-55um long, the terminal cell being conidiogenous. Finally the conidiophore proliferates percurrently 1-8 times through the scar, left by etch successive conidium, to reach a length of up to l40um

Conidia solitary, blastic, at first on the terminal conidiogenous cell of the conidiophore and then on each successive percurrent proliferation. They are spherical, non-septate, brown to dark brown. thickwalled (up to 2um), verrucose, 11 1.5- 6.5um (mostly 12.5-14.5um) in diameter, bearing at the base a frill. 2.8-3.5µm wide and 1-1.5um long, composed of a portion of the apex of the conidiogenous cell. Rarely the conidia are broadly obovoid or the scar may be on a slight basal projection.

Holotypus in ligno putrido, Nova Zelandia, Canterbury Prov., Peel Forest 16.X.1963. S.J.H., PDD 30423 (DAOM 93909).

Colonies velutinous, effuse, dark brown to black, Mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial, composed of pale brown to brown, branched, septate hyphae 2-4.5um wide. Conidiophores arising singly or in groups of 2-4. crowded, erect, mostly simple, sometimes branched. straight or flexuous or irregularly subgeniculate, moreor-less cylindrical. septate, 65-130um long, 4.5-4.7µm wide and brown toward the base, 3.5-3.8µm wide and pale brown to subhyaline toward the apex, terminating in a single conidiogenous cell which is abruptly tapered at the end. Finally, the conidiophore proliferates 1-7 times percurrently through the scar left by each successive conidium, or laterally and sympodially, to reach a length of tip to 230um long. Sympodial proliferations are marked usually by geniculations and denticles.

Conidia solitary, blastic at first on the terminal conidiogenous cell and then on each successive percurrent or sympodial proliferation. They are ellipsoidal to narrowly ovoid, smooth or slightly and Irregularly roughened, pale brown to brown, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base which bears a conspicuous frill, composed of a substantial portion (up to 3.5µm long) of the apex of the conidiogenous cell. Conidia are sometimes Aseptate, mostly 2-septate and 21-36um long, sometimes up to 6(-7)-septate and up to 38 (-45)um long and 5.4-7.3um wide.

The Hymenochaete in these collections was identified by Dr James H. Ginns. Within the colonies of the Endophragmiella in three of the four collections. is found a pyrenomycete which is very probably the ascigerous state. The perithecia are separate and bear setae which are indistinguishable from conidiophores except for the absence of conidium scars. Asci are unitunicate and the ascospores broadly ellipsoidal . subhyaline to pale brown, finely roughened. and 8-9 x 4.5-5.2um.

Conidiogenesis in Endophragmiella.

The three new species of Endophragmiella described above display the same distinctive kind of conidiogenesis and origin of the successive proliferations as that found in the type species of this genus, E. pallescens Sutton (1973). Because this kind of proliferation has not hitherto been described in this genus a note of explanation is added here.

Conidiophores terminate in a conidiogenous cell which produces a terminal blastic conidium. Conidium secession occurs through a break in the wall of the conidiogenous cell below the level of the septum which delimits the conidium. This results in a frill at the base of the freed conidium and an open end at the apex of the remains of the conidiogenous cell. The penultimate cell now proliferates, by the extension of its distal septum. into the old conidiogenous cell and extends to various distances beyond its open end. The circular base of the proliferated septum finally appears is an inwardly projecting ring and the wall of the old conidiogenous cell persists as a sheath around the basal part of the proliferation. A single septum, occasionally more than one, is laid down in the proliferation thus delimiting a new terminal conidiogenous cell which then produces a terminal blastic conidium. The conidium secedes and the process is repeated. The result is a conidiophore sheathed toward the apex by the remains of the wall of successive conidiogenous cells. Within the conidiophore the circular rings at the level of the base of each sheath indicate the location of the septa which have proliferated.

In E. hymenochaeticola proliferations are described as sympodial as well as percurrent. It must he pointed out that. although the final appearance of the conidiophore may indicate a sympodial extension in relation to the scar left by the previous conidium. each sympodial proliferation has arisen from the basal septum of the conidiogenous cell; thereafter. failing to burst percurrently through the constricted apex of the conidiogenous cell, it makes its exit by rupturing the lateral wall. thus giving the appearance of a sympodial extension

Colonies black, thin and effuse.Mycelium mostly immersed, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to brown hyphae 2-5um wide.Conidiophores arising singly. occasionally in tufts of 2 or 3, erect, straight or slightly bent, cylindrical, 100-135um long and 7-10um wide. thickwalled, dark brown to black toward the base which is swollen up to 12.5um and surrounded by pseudoparenchymatous cells forming a very dark brown to black stroma up to 35um wide. Conidiophores are paler toward the apex, up to 3-septate with the cells 30-50um long, and terminate in a conidiogenous cell. Conidiogenous cells 19-20um long. basally brown distally pale brown to brown and funnel-shaped at first bluntly rounded at the apex: the distal part of the pigmented outer wall of the conidigenous cells becomes torn as the hyaline, inner. thickerwalled layer expands outwards, thus differentiating it funnel-shaped structure composed of the ruptured distal outer wall of the conidiogenous cell. Up to 15 conidia are produced successively in a cluster on the hyaline extension which becomes subglobose and up to 21um wide. The hyaline conidiogenous cell finally extends upwards into it hyaline, subulate thick-walled (up to 4um) structure which is rounded at the apex, up to 4-septate, and up to 150um long.

Conidia are blastic broadly ellipsoidal. pale brown, to brown, smooth, 3-septate (pseudoseptate), thick-walled (up to 3µm), and measure 21.5-32.5(-43) X ( 11.7-)12.5-14.5µm. The first septum is central and the additional septa arise more-or-less simultaneously rear the ends of the initial, so the two central cells are large and the polar cells, are much smaller. Conidia are somewhat pendant at maturity with the conidium scar lateral rather than strictly basal. A proliferation from the basal septum of a presumably aborted conidiogenous cell has been seen with another conidiogenous cell formed at the apex of the proliferatio n: this gives the appearance of the collarette of a proliferated phialide.

On dead wood of Olearia rani, Auckland Prov., Titirangi. 27.11.1963, DA0M 96255. This conidial state was originally described as Monotospora megalospora Berk. et Br. By cultural studies Mason (1941) showed the connection between this state and Farlowiella carmichaeliana

Conidia are obovoid, brown to dark brown, and measure 19-32 X 16-23.5um

Mason (1941) drew particular attention to the field association of Monotospora (= Acrogenospora) with Sporocybe flexuosa (Massee) Mason (= Graphium calicioides). In PDD 20671 conidiophores of Acrogenospora spliacrocephala are present; but in DAOM 109594 and 109596 from New Zealand, and DAOM 38956 from Scotland, conidiophores of A. gigantospora have been seen.

References: Ellis (1971), Hughes (1958, as Stilbum haustellare (Acharius) Hughes).

On dead wood and bark, Auckland Prov. (1) Agathis australis, Cascade Kauri Park, Swanson. 18.1X.1963, DAOM 160169: (2) Salix sp., Brooklyn, Hamilton, 24.1.1963, DAOM 160102. Other collections of this species were reported by Hughes & Pirozynski ( 1971 ).

In 1958 I made the new combination Corynespora foveolata because some conidiophores showed percurrent proliferations through the scar of the ter minal conidium with a conidium produced on each successive proliferation. Corynespora is the genus used also by Ellis ( 1960, 1971 ) in his redescription of this species. However, close examination shows that the terminal cell of the conidiophore has 5 to 8 scattered pores in the lateral wall. In old herbarium material no conidia could be seen attached at these pores; however, one should expect such multiple lateral production because my preparations. at least, show a far greater number of conidia than of condiophores and their proliferations. Furthermore many conidia have a rounded base rather than a flattened one (with a convex depression) as found on conidia produced terminally. In the New Zealand collections. undisturbed conidiophores had developed within the hollow of the stems and they show several radiating conidia attached to the apical cell of the conidiophore. For this reason I revert to Patouillard's original disposition of this species. Conidiophores in the type collections of Helminthosporium cantonense Sace. and H. microsorum P. Henn. non D. Sacc. also bear pores in the terminal cell of the conidiophores. These names are synonyms of H. foveolatum

Matsushima ( 1975) illustrated Helminthosporium sp. on dead stems of Ph yllostachys edule in Japan with pores in the wall of the upper cell of the conidiophore and conidia with a roughened vall; this is surely H. foveolatum

On dead Platyzosteria novae-zelandiae (det. Mrs B. May) on Agathis australis North Auckland Omahuta Forest, 19.VI.1963, PDD 21230 (DAOM 157650 )

Reference,: Ellis (1959, 1971, as Brachysporiella) Hughes (Op. cit.).

References Ellis ( 197 1 ), Mason (op. cit.).

On dead wood and bark, (1) Wellington Prov., Tongariro National Park, Erua, 6.III.1963, DA0M 156736; (2-5) Auckland Prov., (2) Dysoxylum spectabile, Cascade Kauri Park, Swanson. 8.I.1963. J.M.D., DAOM 93856; (3) Freycentia banksii Cornwallis, 31.XII 1962, J.M.D., PDD 20395 (DAOM 93822); (4) Rhopalostylis sapida (leaf sheath), Titirangi, Waitakere Range, 15.VIII.1963, DAOM 93753; (5) Schefflera digitata, Whangapoua Saddle, Coromandel Peninsula, 5.IX.1963, J.M.D., DAOM 109601

Colonies effuse, grey. Mycelium composed of subhyaline to pale brown, branched, septate hyphae 2-4.7um wide. Conidiophores mostly produced singly. more-or-less crowded but not velutinous, erect, simple. straight. 130-265um long, 8-10µm wide and dirk brown toward the base, tapering gradually to 3-3.5um wide toward the subhyaline to pale brown apex. septate at 7-35um intervals, the uppermost cells being the shortest. The main stalk terminates in a sinule phialide and bears verticils of up to 5 divergent phialides below the apex and below the tipper 2 to 4 septa: phialides are also borne on short primary divergent branches, which are tip to 18µm long and I- or 2-celled, and on shorter secondary branches. Phialides are lageniform to sulbulate, 12.5-18(-23)µm ]on, with the venter 2.5-3.5µm wide tapering to a narrow. more-or-less cylindrical neck 1.5um wide which terminutes in an inconspicuous collarette.

Phialoconidia are ellipsoidal to cylindrical with rounded ends, hyaline, 5-7 X 1.8-2um and accumulate in sticky heads at the ends of the phialides.

European collections of this fungus described by Hughes (1949), as Helminthosporium rousselianum were also recorded in association with Sporochisma mirabile. De Hoog & von Arx (1973) classified the species as Spiropes rousselianus they regarded Pleurophragmium Costantin as a synonym of Dactylaria Sacc.

References: Ellis (1971). Hughes (op. cit.. and 1973b). Wang ( 1976).

Colonies effuse, irregular, black, hairy to velutinous thin or dense. Mycelium immersed, composed of subhyaline to brown, branched, septate hyphae 3-5um wide, densely aggregated around the base of the conidiophores in the form of a small, dark stroma up to 30um wide. Conidiophores occurring singly but usually in tufts of up to 3, erect, straight or flexuous, cylindrical. 100-230gm long, 5-7um wide, thick-walled, smooth, brown, up to 7-septate, with the cells 15-25um long. terminating in a single phialide.

Phialide robust, brown, 25-50um long and composed of a cylindrical venter, 5-6µm wide and a terminal slightly inflated light brown collarette, 18-20 X 10-13um; after the production of a succession of conidia the phialide may proliferate percurrently to produce successively a series of up to 6 phialides, the conidiophore then reaching a total length of up to 1000um

Phialoconidia clavate, bluntly rounded at the apex truncate at the base, 18-27 x 9-11µm, brown to dark brown, thick-walled, 3-septate, each septum obscured by a darker band in the outer wall. often persisting in chains of 10 to 15 conidia or gliding on each other into a mass at the tip or along the side of the phialide.

References: Deighton ( 1960). Ellis ( 197 1 ), as Memnoniella subsimplex (Cooke) Deighton.

On dead wood of Hedycarya arborea Auckland Prov., Te Puke, 31.X11.1962, S.D., DAOM 109994.

The conidial state is most commonly known as Verticilliium lateritium (Ehrenb.) Raberth. or Acrostalagmus cinnabarinus Corda.

References: Dingley (1956), Hughes (1951c, 1958).

Colonies thin, effuse, black with crowded conidia whose long axis is finally more-or-less parallel to the substrate. Mycelium superficial, composed of branched, septate, hyaline to very pale brown hyphae 3.5-4.5um wide. Conidiophores erect, simple or bearing one or two branches, straight or flexuous, hyaline to subhyaline, more-or-less cylindrical, 4-7.2um wide sometimes wider above than below, up to 90um long. Conidia develop solitarily and blastically at the apex of conidiophores; at maturity they are ellipsoidal to broadly ellipsoidal, borne obliquely on the conidiophore, and terminating in an obliquely bent hyaline to subhyaline extension which is up to 25um long. They are muriform, commonly with about 17 transverse septa, brown to dark brown to almost black and opaque, with a single outer layer of narrow hyaline cells, 2-4.5um thick, which finally become brown to dark brown. Conidia measure 70-100 X 36-70um and with age the apical extension collapses.

Up to 15 secondary conidia are produced unilaterally on each conidium, at the base, and on the body of the conidium below the apical extension; these are sessile or shortly-stalked, occasionally with a double stalk, spherical. brown, up to 12(-18um) in diameter, composed of an outer cell layer which appears as a textura epidermoidea. Although detached 'secondary conidia' have been seen in preparations, it appears that they secede with difficulty from the conidium that bears them.