Cunningham, G.H. 1965: Polyporaceae of New Zealand. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bulletin. 164.
![© All rights reserved. [Image: 9VU]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9VU/SysPortalThumb)
![x ½. Upper and lower surfaces of a pileus. © All rights reserved. [Image: 9VV]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9VV/SysPortalThumb)
![x 2 ½. The fan shaped pilei showing the glabrous upper surface and lower surface. © All rights reserved. [Image: 9VW]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9VW/SysPortalThumb)
![x ¼. Two pilei from dead Gymnelea cunninghamii. © All rights reserved. [Image: 9VX]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9VX/SysPortalThumb)
![Grifola rosulata x 1. Showing pilei arising upon elongate lateral stems from a common mycelial base. Each pileus is eccentric with revolute margins; pores are decurrent. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9VY]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9VY/SysPortalThumb)
![Gloeoporus phlebophorus x 600, spores x 1200. Section through part of a dissepiment of Gloeoporus phlebophorus showing generative hyphae cemented together, merulioid type of hymenial layer with a persistent palisade of basidia and paraphyses and allantoid spores. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9VZ]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9VZ/SysPortalThumb)
![Tyromyces catervatus x 3. Habit sketch showing pendulous pilei attached by basal discs to the lower surface of dead wood. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W0]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W0/SysPortalThumb)
![Tyromyces exiguis x 3. Habit sketch showing flabelliform and spatulate pilei attached by narrow stem like bases to dead bark. Sketch shows a few of the many shapes found in any large collection. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W1]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W1/SysPortalThumb)
![Tyromyces falcatus x 600, spores x 1200. Section through part of a dissepiment showing skeletal hyphae with peculiar sickle-shaped branches embedded among generative hyphae which are without clamp connections, clavate basidial type, and obovate spores. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W2]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W2/SysPortalThumb)
![Flaviporus aroha x 600, spores x 1200. Section through part of a dissepiment showing skeletal and generative hyphae, the latter without clamp connections, metuloids with apices crystal encrusted, and spores. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W3]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W3/SysPortalThumb)
![Coltricia cartilaginea x 600, spores x 1200. Section through a dissepiment showing monomitic hyphal system of septate generative hyphae with tinted walls and no clamp connections; hymenial layer, and globose spores. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W4]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W4/SysPortalThumb)
![Poria nothofagi x 600, spores x 1200. Part of dissepiment showing monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae displaying clamp connections, capitate paraphysate hyphae, some crystal encrusted as are some ends of generative hyphae, and cylindrical spores. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W5]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W5/SysPortalThumb)
![Fuscoporia kamahi x 600, spores x 1200. Section through part of a dissepiment showing small setae of irregular shape and obovate apiculate spores. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W6]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W6/SysPortalThumb)
![Fuscoporia nothofagi x 600, spores x 1200. Section through part of a dissepiment showing small broad setae with thin walls, oblong elliptical or oval spores with coloured walls, and compact skeletal hyphae cemented into a dense layer. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W7]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W7/SysPortalThumb)
![Irpex spiculifer x 600, spores x 1200. Section through a dissepiment showing generative hyphae without clamp connections, and overlying rows of metuloids arranged in a dense layer and a few also in the dissepiment wall. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W8]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W8/SysPortalThumb)
![© All rights reserved. [Image: 9VU]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9VU/SysPortalPreview)
![x ½. Upper and lower surfaces of a pileus. © All rights reserved. [Image: 9VV]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9VV/SysPortalPreview)
![x 2 ½. The fan shaped pilei showing the glabrous upper surface and lower surface. © All rights reserved. [Image: 9VW]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9VW/SysPortalPreview)
![x ¼. Two pilei from dead Gymnelea cunninghamii. © All rights reserved. [Image: 9VX]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9VX/SysPortalPreview)
![Grifola rosulata x 1. Showing pilei arising upon elongate lateral stems from a common mycelial base. Each pileus is eccentric with revolute margins; pores are decurrent. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9VY]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9VY/SysPortalPreview)
![Gloeoporus phlebophorus x 600, spores x 1200. Section through part of a dissepiment of Gloeoporus phlebophorus showing generative hyphae cemented together, merulioid type of hymenial layer with a persistent palisade of basidia and paraphyses and allantoid spores. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9VZ]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9VZ/SysPortalPreview)
![Tyromyces catervatus x 3. Habit sketch showing pendulous pilei attached by basal discs to the lower surface of dead wood. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W0]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W0/SysPortalPreview)
![Tyromyces exiguis x 3. Habit sketch showing flabelliform and spatulate pilei attached by narrow stem like bases to dead bark. Sketch shows a few of the many shapes found in any large collection. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W1]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W1/SysPortalPreview)
![Tyromyces falcatus x 600, spores x 1200. Section through part of a dissepiment showing skeletal hyphae with peculiar sickle-shaped branches embedded among generative hyphae which are without clamp connections, clavate basidial type, and obovate spores. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W2]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W2/SysPortalPreview)
![Flaviporus aroha x 600, spores x 1200. Section through part of a dissepiment showing skeletal and generative hyphae, the latter without clamp connections, metuloids with apices crystal encrusted, and spores. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W3]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W3/SysPortalPreview)
![Coltricia cartilaginea x 600, spores x 1200. Section through a dissepiment showing monomitic hyphal system of septate generative hyphae with tinted walls and no clamp connections; hymenial layer, and globose spores. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W4]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W4/SysPortalPreview)
![Poria nothofagi x 600, spores x 1200. Part of dissepiment showing monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae displaying clamp connections, capitate paraphysate hyphae, some crystal encrusted as are some ends of generative hyphae, and cylindrical spores. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W5]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W5/SysPortalPreview)
![Fuscoporia kamahi x 600, spores x 1200. Section through part of a dissepiment showing small setae of irregular shape and obovate apiculate spores. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W6]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W6/SysPortalPreview)
![Fuscoporia nothofagi x 600, spores x 1200. Section through part of a dissepiment showing small broad setae with thin walls, oblong elliptical or oval spores with coloured walls, and compact skeletal hyphae cemented into a dense layer. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W7]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W7/SysPortalPreview)
![Irpex spiculifer x 600, spores x 1200. Section through a dissepiment showing generative hyphae without clamp connections, and overlying rows of metuloids arranged in a dense layer and a few also in the dissepiment wall. Creator: G.H. Cunningham. © Landcare Research. [Image: 9W8]](https://data.landcareresearch.co.nz/Image/9W8/SysPortalPreview)
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Cunningham, G.H. 1965: Polyporaceae of New Zealand. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bulletin. 164.
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FAGACEAE. Nothofagus truncata: Auckland, Kauaeranga Valley, Thames, 120 m. MYRTACEAE. Leptospermum ericoides: Auckland, Parahaki, Whangarei, 120 m. Metrosideros robusta: Auckland, Mt. Te Aroha, 700 m, type collection, P.D.D. herbarium, No. 5322.
Hymenophore annual, adherent, soft and fleshy, drying horny, then ceraceous, effused forming irregular linear areas 6-25 x 3-10 cm, 1-2 mm thick. Hymenial surface snow white when fresh, cream where bruised, staining in patches, drying pallid cream or wood colour, even, glancing, not creviced; margin 1-2 mm wide, white drying wood colour, irregular, fibrillose, lifting and incurved when dry. Pores not in strata, round or angular, 7-9 per mm, 50-100 µm most 50-60 µm diameter, to 1.5 mm deep; dissepiments 25-75 µm thick, commonly about 50 µm, equal, with apices slightly tapering, appearing slightly velutinate. Context white or cream, 0.2-0.5 mm thick, of intertwined hyphae more densely compacted near the substratum; skeletal hyphae 4-8 µm diameter, walls 1-3 µm thick, aseptate, sparsely branched; generative hyphae 2-2.5 µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm thick, branched, septate, with clamp connections. Metuloids cylindrical, 50-150 x 6-10 µm, encrusted with fine crystals, developing both in- the context and dissepiments. Hymenial layer to 15 µm deep, a dense palisade of basidia, paraphyses, and metuloids embedded in mucilage. Basidia subclavate or cylindrical, 8-10 x 3-4 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, delicate, to 3 µm long. Paraphyses cylindrical or obovate, 6-9 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores elliptical, 2.5-3.5 x 1.5-2 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
New Zealand.
Bark or decorticated decayed fallen branches and trunks, associated with a white rot.
When fresh, plants are soft and snow white; when dry they become hard and horny and the colour changes to isabelline or wood brown. Specific features are the minute pores, thin dissepiments, presence of slightly inflated metuloids? with crystal-encrusted apices, and minute elliptical spores, sometimes flattened on one side. Metuloids resemble those of C. euporus, but are more delicately encrusted. They are formed from terminal ends of skeletal hyphae. The basidial type is honeycombed so that the species is related to C. radulus. Clamp connections, present in this species, are absent from the generative hyphae of C. euporus and C. radulus.
LOCALITY: Mt. Te Aroha, Auckland.
UNKNOWN HOST. Wellington, Ohau River, Tararua Ranges, 600 m, type collection, P.D.D. herbarium, No. 3869.
Hymenophore annual, solitary or caespitose, sometimes imbricate, cartilaginous when dry, attached by a brief lateral stem which may be 3-5 mm long, 2-3 mm thick. Pilei flabelliform or spatulate, sometimes bifid or trifid, 5-20 mm wide, 10-20 mm radius, 0.2-1 mm thick; pileus surface reddish-brown, glabrous, shining, vaguely concentrically zoned with bands of darker brown, radiate-striate, more prominently basally; without a cortex; margin acute, plane, toothed, crenate, subtranslucent; hymenial surface bay, becoming chestnut or ferruginous, decurrent, with a prominent sterile border to 5 mm wide. Pores chestnut to 0.5 mm deep, polygonal or angular, 3-4 per mm, 150-300 µm diameter; dissepiments 100-150 µm thick, apices expanded partly occluding the pores, even. Context chestnut, becoming ferruginous, horny, shining in section, to 1 mm thick, of parallel hyphae compacted and radiately arranged; generative hyphae to 8 µm diameter, walls 1 µm thick, yellow-brown, sparsely branched and septate. Hymenial layer to 15 µm deep, a dense palisade of basidia and paraphyses, soon collapsing. Basidia clavate, 10-14 x 4-5 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, many cylindrical, 8-12 x 3.5-4 µm. Spores globose or subglobose, apiculate 5-6 µmdiameter, walls delicately verruculose, hyaline or tinted, 0.1 µm thick.
New Zealand.
Decorticated decayed logs lying upon the forest floor.
Hymenophore annuum, solum vel caespitosum, caule laterali 3-5 mm longo, 2-3 mm crasso adjunctum. Pilei flabelliformes vel spatulati, bifidi vel trifidi, 5-20 mm lati, 10-20 mm radii, 0.2-1 mm crassi. Cortex abest. Margine acutus; hymenii superficies badia, decurrens, margine sterili ad 5 mm lato. Pori castanei, ad 0.5 mm alti, 3-4 per mm, 150-300 µm diam.; dissepimentis 100-150 µm crassis, apicibus expansis poros occludentibus. Contextus castaneus ad 1 mm crassus hypharum parallelarum compactarum et radiatim ordinatarum; hyphae generatoriae ad 8 µm diam., parietibus 1 µm crassis, leviter ramosae, septatae. Basidia clavata, 10-14 x 4-5 µm , 4 sporas in sterigmatis ad 4 µm longis gerentia. Sporae globosae vel subglobosae, apiculatae, 5-6 µm diam., parietibus subtiliter verrucolosis, hyalinis, 0.1 µm crassis. On decorticated decayed wood, Tararua Ranges, Wellington, N.Z.
Plants are farinose when young, then resembling specimens of "Polyporus" mutabilis Berk. & Curt. The species may be identified readily by the horny, semitransparent, polished pileus without a cortex, small lateral stem, and delicately verruculose, hyaline spores, markings of which can usually be seen only under an oil immersion objective when sections are stained. In its verruculose spores the species resembles C. dependens. Verruculae are more in the nature of irregular markings than definite warts or spines and are absent from walls of some spores.
LOCALITY: Tararua Ranges, Wellington.
FAGACEAE. Nothofagus fusca: Wellington, Tauherenikau Valley, Tararua Ranges, 300 m. Nelson, Murchison, 170 m; Staircase Creek, Reefton, 700 m. Westland, Orwell Creek, Ahaura. LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tarairi: Auckland, Waipoua Kauri Forest, 120 m. Beilschmiedia tawa: Auckland, Kauaeranga Valley, Thames, 70 m; Mt. Te Aroha, 500 m, type collection, P.D.D. herbarium, No. 5253; Whakarewarewa State Forest, 600 m; Te Whaiti, 500 m.
Hymenophore perennial, solitary, coriaceous, seldom pileate, commonly resupinate and loosely attached. Pilei merely upturned edges of one margin of broadly resupinate areas, with a radius of 8 mm; when resupinate effused to 16 x 5 cm, commonly 2-4 mm thick (in one specimen to 25 mm), with several outlying islands; pileus surface deep chestnut or umber, finely velutinate, concentrically sulcate; cortex to 200 µm thick, ferruginous, of mainly vertical hyphae compacted and partly cemented and with walls ferruginous; margin (of pilei) bluntly acute, concolorous, crenate (of resupinate specimens), irregular, thinning out, finely tomentose, lifting; hymenial surface white, drying cream or pallid tan, even, or undulating and nodose, each layer receding. Pores in 2-6 layers with context hyphae between, commonly in one or two layers, pallid isabelline, to 4 mm deep in each layer, round or angular, 4-5 per mm, 100-150 µm diameter; dissepiments 50-150 µm thick, occasionally to 500 µm, apices tapering, even, finely velutinate with erect hyphae, ends of which are crystal encrusted. Context 1-2 mm thick, straw or tan, closely intertwined and with coloured mucilage between hyphae; skeletal hyphae to 4 µm diameter, lumena 1-2 µm wide, aseptate, sparsely branched, irregularly waved towards ends, walls staining; generative hyphae to 2.5 µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm thick, somewhat sparingly branched and septate. Hymenial layer to 25 µm deep, a scanty palisade of basidia, paraphyses, paraphysate hyphae, and metuloids. Paraphysate hyphae merely projecting ends of skeletal hyphae, with thin walls encrusted with fine crystals. Metuloids clavate or fusiform, to 25 x 10 µm, walls hyaline or tinted, to 3 µm thick, capped with coarse crystals. Basidia clavate, 12-16 x 3.5-4 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 5 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 8-12 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores elliptical, apiculate, 9-12 x 4.5-6 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick, soon collapsing.
New Zealand.
Bark or decorticated wood of dead fallen trunks, associated with a white rot.
Most collections are resupinate with one or several receding layers. In two, pilei are present, appearing as scantily developed margins of upper edges of plants growing vertically upon fallen logs. A well developed cortex is present in them, indicating that they are genuine pilei. When fresh the hymenial surface is white, although in some specimens it may be isabelline, changing in drying to some shade of brown. One collection taken from the under side of a fallen log was 1.5 m long, 2.5 cm thick, and composed of six receding layers. When fresh, plants possess a fragrant odour as of ripe peaches. Metuloids are scanty, but readily seen as they project to 10 µm, possess thick and refractive, usually tinted walls, and are capped with coarse crystals. Paraphysate hyphae are also present, both in the hymenial layer and at apices of dissepiments. The species is somewhat difficult to place. Other than for the presence of metuloids, it is a typical Heterobasidion; the presence of metuloids places it under Flaviporus with which it agrees in several features.
LOCALITY: Mt. Te Aroha, Auckland.
CUNONIACEAE. Weinmannia racemosa: Auckland, Waipu, 30 m; Little Barrier Island, 300 m; Omahuta State Forest; Waiorongomai Valley, Te Aroha, 120 m; Te Moehau, Coromandel Peninsula, 700 m; Kaimai Ranges, 700 m; Mamaku Forest, 600 m, type collection, P.D.D. herbarium, No. 5850. Wellington, National Park Station, 750 m; Erna, 800 m; Mt. Holdsworth, Tararua Ranges, 300 m. Taranaki, Mt. Egmont, 850 m. Westland, Waiho, 200 m; Weheka, 250 m; Pukekura; Lake Mapourika, 120 m. Otago, Horse Shoe Bay, Stewart Island. Weinmannia silvicola: Auckland, Waipoua Kauri Forest, 120 m; Ngaiotonga Ranges, 270 m; Puketi Forest, Bay of Islands; Little Barrier Island. FAGACEAE. Nothofagus cliffortioides: Nelson, Staircase Creek, Reefton, 700 m. Nothofagus fusca: Wellington, Tararua Ranges, 450 m. Nelson, Staircase Creek, Reefton, 700 m. Nothofagus menziesii: Otago, Woodlaw State Forest; Alton Valley, Tuatapere, 120 m. LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tarairi: Auckland, Little Barrier Island, 150 m. Beilschmiedia tawa: Auckland, Cascade Kauri Park, Waitakere Ranges, 250 m; Whitianga-Coromandel Road, 100 m; Mamaku Forest, 600 m; Mt. Te Aroha, 800 m; Waitomo, 100 m. MELIACEAE. Dysoxylum spectabile: Auckland, Little Barrier Island, 130 m; Moumoukai Valley, Hunua Ranges, 300 m. MONIMIACEAE. Hedycarya arborea: Auckland, Lake Rotoehu, 400 m. MYRTACEAE. Metrosideros lucida: Westland, Douglas Rock Track, Copland Valley, 750 m.
Hymenophore perennial, stratose, adherent, woody, effused forming irregularly elliptical areas 12-30 x 5-12 cm, sometimes extending to 1.25 m, 2-8 mm thick. Hymenial surface bay, becoming ferruginous or umber, even, scantily or not creviced; margin receding with each layer, thinning out, at first fulvous, drying ferruginous, fibrillose, then even. Pores in 1-3 layers, round, 6-7 per mm, 75-150 µm diameter, 1-6 mm deep in each layer; dissepiments 50-100 µm thick, equal. Context ferruginous, 0.2-1 mm thick, of closely intertwined hyphae; skeletal hyphae to 4 µm diameter, walls 1 µm. thick, chestnut, aseptate, sparsely branched near ends; generative hyphae to 2.5 µm diameter, walls 0.1 µm thick, branched, septate, hyaline or tinted. Hymenial layer to 15 µm deep, a dense palisade of setae, basidia and paraphyses. Setae narrowly ventricose, some subulate, 20-26 x 6-8 µm, rarely to 30 µm long, walls chestnut. Basidia oblong or clavate, 8-10 x 4-5 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate or oblong, 6-8 x 3.5-4.5 µm. Spores narrowly obovate, apiculate, 4-6 x 1.5-2 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
New Zealand.
Bark of fallen trunks and branches, associated with a white rot.
Hymenophorum perenne, stratosum, ligneum, effusum, ad 1.25 m, 2-8 mm crassum. Hymenii superficies badia, deinde ferruginea, margine recedenti. Pori in 1-3 stratis, rotundi, 6-7 per mm, 75-150 µm diam., 1-6 mm alti; dissepimentis 50-100 µm crassis, aequis. Contextus ferrugineus, 0.2-1 mm crassus, hypharum solide intertextarum. Hyphae skeletales ad 4 µm diam., parietibus 1 µm crassis, castaneae, aseptatae, leviter ramosae apicibus. Hyphae generatoriae ad 2.5 µm diam., parietibus 0.1 µm crassis, ramosae, septatae, hyalinae vel coloratae. Setae angusto ventricosae, interdum subulatae, 20-26 x 6-8 µm, raro ad 30 µm longae, parietibus castaneis. Basidia oblonga vel clavata, 8-10 x 4-5 µm, 4 sporas in sterigmatis ad 4 µm longis gerentia. Sporae angusto obovatae, apiculatae, 4-6 x 1.5-2 µm, parietibus laevibus, hyalinis, 0.1 µm crassis. On dead bark of Weinmannia racemosa, Mamaku Forest, Auckland, N.Z.
Specific features are the narrow setae of moderate size, narrowly obovate apiculate spores, small pores and vaguely stratose fructifications ferruginous when fresh, becoming discoloured and sometimes black when old. Some specimens extend for more than one metre on sides of fallen logs. Commonly of one layer to 6 mm thick, extensive specimens may attain a thickness of 12 mm and consist of two or occasionally three layers, sometimes clearly defined with colour zones between, at others only vaguely defined, occasionally with a delicate layer of context hyphae. In old specimens pores may be stuffed and sometimes the upper part of dissepiments indurated and impregnated with a resinous material so that tissues are firm and woody and the colour changes to black. Setae are slightly smaller in collections from Dysoxylum spectabile, but spores and other features are the same as in the type. The name of the species is taken from the Maori name, kamahi, of one host, Weinmannia racemosa, on which the species is abundant throughout New Zealand. Formerly I described the species under the name of Fomes nigro-limitatus (Rom.) Egel. (Cunningham 1948g, p. 9). It differs in colour, fewer strata, skeletal hyphae, smaller setae, differently shaped spores and in being completely resupinate. `F.' nigro-limitatus is confined to conifers and produces a conspicuous white pocket rot in its hosts.
LOCALITY: Mamaku Forest, Auckland.
FAGACEAE. Nothofagus cliffortioides: Wellington, Ohakune Track, Mt. Ruapehu, 1,000 m. type collection, P.D.D. herbarium, No. 6613; Horopito, National Park, 400 m.
Hymenophore biennial, probably perennial, adherent, firm, woody, effused forming irregular areas 6-14 x 5-10 cm, 2-10 mm thick. Hymenial surface irregular, nodose or crenulate, light or dark umber, when young fulvous, slightly glancing; margin thinning out, layers receding, to 2 mm wide, at first tan becoming black, thick and crenate, adherent. Pores in one or two layers, 5-6 per mm, 75-125 µm diameter, 1-5 mm deep in each layer; dissepiments 25-100 µm thick, equal, even. Context fulvous, 0.2-0.5 mm thick, of compact intertwined hyphae embedding crystals; skeletal hyphae to 4.5 µm diameter, walls 1 µm thick, yellow-brown, septate, sparsely branched; generative hyphae to 3 µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm, thick, hyaline, septate, branched. Hymenial layer to 15 µm deep, a dense palisade of setae, basidia and paraphyses. Setae ventricose, bases inflated, apices acuminate, 12-16 x 4-6 µm walls chestnut, abundant. Basidia oblong, 6-8 x 3.5-4 µm, collapsing, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, slender, to 3 µm long. Paraphyses oblong or obovate, 5-6.5 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores oval, broadly oblong, subglobose or globose, 5-6 x 4-5 µm, walls smooth, yellow brown, 0.2 µm thick.
New Zealand.
Bark of fallen trunks, associated with a white rot.
Hymenophorum bienne probabiliter perenne, adnatum, ligneum, effusum, 6-14 x 5-10 cm, 2-10 mm crassum. Hymenii superficies inaequalis, umbrina, margine recedenti, ad 2 cm lato, alutaceo deinde nigro, crasso, crenato, adnato. Pori in 1 vel 2 stratis, 5-6 per mm, 75-125 µm diam., 1-5 mm alti; dissepimentis 25-100 µm crassis, aequis. Contextus fulvus, 0.2-0.5 mm crassus, hypharum solide intertextarum crystallis inclusis. Hyphae skeletales ad 4.5 µm diam., parietibus 1 µm crassis, brunneae, septatae, leviter ramosae. Hyphae generatoriae ad 3 µm diam., parietibus 0.2 µm, crassis, hyalinae, septatae, ramosae. Setae ventricosae, basibus inflatis, apicibus acuminatis, 12-16 x 4-6 µm. Basidia oblonga, 6-8 x 3.5-4 µm, 4 sporas in sterigmatis ad 3 µm longis gerentia. Paraphyses oblongi vel obovati, 5-6.5 x -3-3.5 µm. Sporae ovatae, late oblongae, subglobosae vel globosae, 5-6 x 4-5 µm, parietibus laevibus, brunneis, 0.2 µm crassis. On dead bark of Nothofagus eliffortioides, Mt. Ruapehu, Wellington, N.Z.
Separated from the other species present in the region possessing coloured spores, by the abundant small ventricose setae, pores with thin dissepiments, and fulvous context with freely septate skeletal hyphae. This last condition is unusual in species of the genus.
LOCALITY: Mt. Ruapehu, Wellington.
CUNONIACEAE. Weinmannia racemosa: Taranaki, Mt. Egmont, 1,000 m. Wellington, Mt. Arawara, Tararua Ranges, 850 m. FAGACEAE. Nothofagus cliffortioides: Wellington, Whakapapa, Mt. Ruapehu, 1,000 m. Nothofagus cunninghamii: Victoria, Cumberland Falls. Nothofagus fusca: Hawke's Bay, Upper Mohaka River, 700 m. Westland, Granville Forest, Totara Flat. UNKNOWN HOSTS. Taranaki, Mt. Egmont, 900m. Wellington, Mt. Toko, Tararua Ranges, 1,100m. Canterbury, Lake Sumner, 400 m. Otago, Leith Valley, Dunedin, 120 m.
IN KEW HERBARIUM: Only the type collection "N.Z., Colenso, 2676" and the type of Polyporus nivicolor "Colenso, b272, b273".
Hymenophore annual, ceraceous, solitary or caespitose from a common base, attached by a narrow lateral base or pendent from an umbo. Pilei conchate, spatulate, campanulate, or applanate, 0.5-3.5 cm wide, 0.5-2 cm radius, 1-2 mm thick; pileus surface white, drying cream, glabrous, even or sometimes obscurely radiately sulcate; cortex to 40 µm thick, a close palisade of partly cemented hyphae with rounded ends; margin acute, inturned, entire or crenate when old; hymenial surface plane or concave, even, white, drying cream. Pores white in section, round or angular, 6-7 per mm, 100-150 µm diameter, 0.2-0.5 mm deep; dissepiments 50-150 µm thick, most about 100 µm, slightly tapering, apices delicately velutinate. Context white, 0.25-1 mm thick, of densely intertwined hyphae, separated from the pores by a delicate layer of wood coloured intertwined gelatinised hyphae; generative hyphae 6-10 µm diameter, 5-6 µm in dissepiments, lumena 2-3 µm wide, freely branched, septate, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 15 µm deep, a dense permanent palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate or subcylindrical, 6-8 x 2.5-3 µm bearing 2-4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 3 µm long. Paraphyses subcylindrical 5-7 x 2-2.5 µm. Spores allantoid, 3-3.5 x 1-1.25 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
New Zealand, Australia, Java.
Bark and decorticated wood of fallen branches, associated with a white rot.
Plants are commonly applanate or conchate, attached by a narrow lateral base, solitary or in small groups arising from a common base. In some collections they are attached by a narrow vertex; in one they are pezizaeform and growing upon the surface of a fallen log, attached by stem-like. bases. In microfeatures all are identical. The Victorian collection has pores slightly larger (5-6 per mm), but agrees in other features. A conspicuous cortex is present, formed from a palisade of erect hyphae which, because of unequal length, give to the surface a peculiar dull appearance although it is glabrous. Plants are hard and horny when dry, owing to the presence of mucilage encrusting walls of the context hyphae, dissepiments and hymenial layer, and of masses of mucilage lying between them. P. imporcatus is identical with some of the collections from New Zealand, even to the allantoid spores. They are not globose, as was claimed by Lloyd, who confused mould spores with those of the species.
LOCALITY: Tarawera, Auckland.
FAGACEAE. Nothofagus fusca: Wellington, York Bay 140 m. MYRTACEAE. Eucalyptus viminalis: South Australia, Mt. Lofty; National Park. OLEACEAE. Olea europaea: South Australia, Beaumont, Adelaide
IN KEW HERBARIUM: Collections are "N.Z. Mt. Tarawera, Colenso" (type collection), "Vic., 1090" and "Australia, Mueller" the type of P. multiplex.
Hymenophore annual, compound, of numerous pilei (5-46) arising from a common central or lateral base, to 20 cm broad. Pilei flabelliform, cuneiform, or spatulate with narrow stem-like bases, 2-5 cm wide, 1-10 cm radius, 1-4 mm thick; pileus surface bay or tobacco brown, radiately striate, irregularly nodose; without a cortex; margin acute, fringed, often undulate, plane; hymenial surface dingy bay to tobacco brown, even or undulate. Pores decurrent, in section bay or fuscous, varying in size and shape, 1-3 mm long, to 1 mm broad and deep; dissepiments 120-400 µm thick, tapering, apices toothed. Context bay when fresh, drying fuscous; to 1 mm thick, of radiately arranged parallel hyphae densely compacted and cemented with mucilage; binding hyphae 5-8 µm diameter, walls 2-3 µm thick, freely branched, aseptate; generative hyphae to 6 µm diameter, walls to 1 µm thick, sparsely branched, septate, with clamp connections; conducting hyphae 6-8 µm diameter, walls 0.5 µm thick, scantily septate, contents staining. Hymenial layer to 25 µm deep, a close palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate or subcylindrical, 18-24 x 5-6 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, slender, to 3 µm long. Paraphyses subcylindrical, 12-18 x 4-5 µm. Spores globose or less often subglobose, 4-5 µm diameter, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
Australia, New Zealand
Decayed wood and humus at bases of living trees, growing from mycelial masses.
In appearance plants somewhat resemble small cauliflowers, pilei of various shapes arising from a common stem, forming a dense rosette in which it is difficult to identify individual pilei. One specimen from the herbarium of J. B. Cleland, ex "South Australia, Mt. Lofty" measured 32 x 17 x 25 cm and when fresh weighed 15.4 kg. Pores are irregular in shape and size, most being linear, some irpiciform, others almost labyrinthiform. The species may be identified by the large irregular pores, large diameter skeletal hyphae, and globose smooth spores.
LOCALITY: Mt. Tarawera, Auckland
MIMOSACEAE. Acacia dealbata: Canterbury, Ashburton, 30 m. PINACEAE. Pinus radiata: Auckland, Woodhill, 120 m; Kaingaroa State Forest, 600 m, type collection, P.D.D. herbarium, No. 5691. UNKNOWN HOSTS. Victoria; Realesville. Tasmania, Port Arthur.
Hymenophore annual, coriaceous, compound, composed of numerous pilei (7-30) arising from a common base, frequently densely imbricated, sometimes rosetted. Pilei flabelliform or sometimes spatulate, 1-3 cm wide, 0 .5-2.5 cm radius, 2-5 mm deep, often laterally attached to one another, erect or horizontal; pileus surface fawn or bay with umber zones, radiately striate; without a cortex; margin acute, inturned, crenate, dentate; hymenial surface white or cream, even, sterile border to 2 mm wide. Pores in section white or cream, round, elongated or angular, decurrent, 5-7 per mm (3-4 per mm when decurrent), 100-250 µm diameter, to 1.5 mm deep; dissepiments 50-100 µm thick, equal, apices even or dentate. Context white, 0.25-1.5 mm thick, of closely compacted radiately arranged hyphae ; generative hyphae 5-6 µm diameter, walls 0.5-1.5 µm thick, freely septate, sparsely branched, with clamp connections, encrusted with mucilage granules; conducting hyphae 5-7µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm thick, sparingly septate, contents staining; Hymenial layer to 12 µm deep, a dense palisade of basidia and paraphyses partly embedded in mucilage. Basidia subclavate, 10-12 x 4-5 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate or subcylindrical, 6-10 x 3-5.4 µm. Spores broadly elliptical, oblong with rounded ends, or sometimes pip-shaped, 3.5-4 x 2-2.5 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.2 µm thick.
New Zealand, Tasmania, Australia.
Caespitose upon fallen decayed logs, bases of stumps, soil on the forest floor, or burnt wood.
In its typical form the species may be recognised by the small, thin, flaccid coriaceous pilei, small pares, colour of pores and pilei, and small hyaline spores. Context hyphae bear numerous mucilage granules and are often embedded in mucilage, as are basidia and paraphyses. When decurrent, pore orifices are dentate, but are even elsewhere. Australian and Tasmanian specimens examined are lighter in colour, flabelliform rather than rosulate, but agree in microfeatures.
LOCALITY: Kaingaroa Plains, Auckland.
CUNONIACEAE. Weinmannia racemosa: Auckland, Lake Rotoehu, 450 m; Westland, Waiho, 200 m; Weheka, 180 m. Otago, Horse Shoe Bay, Stewart Island. FAGACEAE. Nothofagus cliffortioides: Wellington, Mt. Holdsworth, Tararua Ranges, 1,200 m; York Bay, 120 m. Nelson, Staircase Creek, Reefton, 700 m. Nothofagus cunninghamii: Victoria, Beenak. Nothofagus fusca.. Auckland, Mamaku Forest, 600 m. Wellington, Tauherenikau Valley, Tararua Ranges, 300 m; York Bay, 130 m; Days Bay, 80 m; Wiltons Bush, 100 m. Nelson, Mt. Mantell, 1,200 m; Little Wanganui River, 200 m; Marble Mountain, Maruia, 850 m. Nothofagus menziesii: Auckland, Mamaku Forest, 600 m. Wellington, Mt. Waiopehu, Tararua Ranges, 700 m. Nelson, Kakapo River, 300 m; Herbert Ranges, 230 m; Little Wanganui River 270 m. Otago, Flagstaff Hill, Dunedin, 700 m; Upper Pike River, 250 m; Lake Manapouri, 120 m; Longwood Ranges, 200 m. LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tarairi: Auckland, Mangatangi Valley, Hunua Ranges, 300 m. Beilschmiedia tawa: Auckland, Parahaki, Whangarei, 120 m; Mangatangi Valley, Hunua Ranges, 250 m; Earthquake Flat, Rotorua, 600 m; Whakamarama; Rangitaiki River, Bay of Plenty. MYRTACEAE. Eucalyptus spp: Victoria, Belgrave; Cumberland Valley. PODOCARPACEAE. Dacrydium cupressinum: Westland, Waiho, 200 m. PROTEACEAE. Knightia excelsa: Auckland, Rereatukahia Reserve, Katikati, 110 m. UNKNOWN HOSTS. Auckland, Waikaretu, 120 m; Whakarewarewa, 600 m; Lake Waikaremoana, 600 m. Wellington, Wanganui.
IN KEW HERBARIUM: Collections are the type ex "N.Z., Coromandel, Colenso", "N.Z., Colenso, b262, b375", "N.Z., Hokianga, Berggren", "N.Z., Napier, Colenso", "Q., Brisbane, Cheesman", "N.S.W., Moruya, Cheesman", "Vic., Miss Campbell", "Vic., D.F.P. 2806" filed under Fomes hemitephrus; "Q., Trinity Bay, W. A. Sayer" under the cover of Fomes exotephrus; "Q. Barron River" under Fomes fasciatus; "N.S.W., Richmond River, Mrs Hodgkinson" a resupinate specimen under Poria medulla panis; "N.S.W., Sydney, W. W. Froggatt" communicated by C. G. Lloyd as Fomes martius; and "Samoa, Lloyd" filed under Fomes ferreus.
Hymenophore perennial, solitary, hard and woody, attached by a broad lateral base. Pilei applanate or ungulate, 3-20 cm wide, 3-12 cm radius, 1-10 cm thick; pileus surface at first ochre or fawn, becoming bay banded with greyish zones, tobacco brown or fuscous and concolorous, umber in old specimens or sometimes black, strongly concentrically sulcate, often concentrically banded with different shades of brown, finely tomentose becoming glabrous; cortex to 1 mm thick, chestnut with an orange zone beneath, ligneous, brittle, composed of densely intertwined cemented hyphae with chestnut walls; margin bluntly rounded, or thickened and formed from numerous equal growth layers when concentrically sulcate; hymenial surface at first white or straw, drying isabelline, even, slightly concave or as often convex, with a narrow rounded sterile border 2-3 mm wide. Pores in many often obscure strata (2-18), sometimes with zones of context hyphae between, 3-10 mm deep in each layer, wood colour, round or slightly angular, 6-7 per mm, 50-150 µm diameter; dissepi-ments 50-200 µm thick, commonly 75-100 µm, equal, apices even. Context cream or isabelline, to 15 mm thick, often zoned, of densely intertwined hyphae; skeletal hyphae to 4 µm thick, lumena 1.5-2 µm diameter, aseptate, scantily branched and undulate near ends, staining; generative hyphae to 3 µm diameter, walls thin, not staining, sparsely branched, septate in the subhymenium. Hymenial layer to 20 µm deep, a loose palisade of basidia and paraphyses, soon collapsing. Basidia clavate, 8-10 x 4-5 µm bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 6-8 x 3.5-4 µm. Spores elliptic-oblong, 4-6 x 2-2.5 µm walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
New Zealand, Australia, Samoa.
Bark or decorticated wood of standing or fallen trunks, associated with a white heart rot.
One of the most common species in New Zealand, which may be recognised by the usually dark colour of the strongly sulcate pileus surface, conspicuous cortex with an orange zone between it and the context, small pores, usually numerous pore layers, and small elliptical spores. Commonly applanate, pilei may be ungulate or resupinate; each successive pore layer may grow to the edge of the preceding when the margin becomes thick and banded with many concentric sulcate zones, or successive layers may recede, forming islands or irregular obconic fructifications. Pores may be in definite strata each defined by a differently coloured line, or by layers of context hyphae; or in other collections pores may be obscurely stratose, or even appear to be continuous. The hymenial layer soon collapses and appears on walls of dissepiments of mature plants as an amorphous mucilaginous film.
Lloyd (1915a, µm. 215) recorded the species from New Zealand as Fomes hormodermus and from Australia as F. martius. From these Heterobasidion hemitephrum may be separated by the different spores, smaller pores and presence of an orange zone in the context beneath the cortex. This last feature may be absent from young plants, but may be seen where fructifications are in contact with the substratum, and occasionally the surface of the wood is stained orange.
LOCALITY: Coromandel Peninsula, Auckland.
CUNONIACEAE. Weinmannia racemosa: Auckland, Te Whaiti, 300 m. Otago, Doubtful Sound, 130 m; Woodlaw State Forest. ESCALLONIACEAE. Ixerba brexioides: Auckland, Mamaku Forest, 600 m. FAGACEAE: Nothofagus cliffortioides: Nelson, Lake Rotoiti, 700 m. Nothofagus fusca: Nelson, Marble Mountain, Maruia, 900 m; Westland, Orwell Creek, Ahaura. Nothofagus menziesii: Auckland, Mamaku Forest, 600 m. Wellington, Days Bay, 120 m. Nelson, Kakapo River, 300 m; Little Wanganui River, 270 m. Otago, Black Gully, Blue Mountains; Hollyford Valley, 140 m; Milford Sound, 200 m; Lake Te Anau, 120 m; Woodlaw State Forest; Alton Valley, Tuatapere, 120 m. LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tarairi: Auckland, Waipoua Kauri Forest, 130 m; Kaukapakapa. Beilschmiedia tawa: Auckland, Moumoukai Valley, Hunua Ranges, 300 m; Kauaeranga Valley, Thames, 70 m; Lake Rotoehu, 450 m; Earthquake Flat, Rotorua, 600 m. MELIACEAE. Dysoxylum spectabile: Auckland, Little Barrier Island. UNKNOWN HOSTS. Auckland, Waikaretu, 140 m; Waipoua Kauria Forest; Te Whaiti; Whakamarama. Wellington, Mt. Kapakapanui. Victoria, Cumberland Valley. Tasmania, National Park; Between Great Lake and Deloraine; National Park.
IN KEW HERBARIUM: Collections are the type ex "Tasmania, Archer", "Tasmania, L. Rodway" type of Polyporus suaderis Lloyd, and "N.Z. Colenso, b 369" type of Fomes cuneatus Lloyd.
Comb. nov.
Hymenophore perennial, solitary or imbricate, firm and woody, attached by a broad lateral base. Pilei usually effused-reflexed, sometimes ungulate or applanate, occasionally resupinate, 7-17 cm, 2-5 cm radius, 3-5 cm thick; pileus surface bay, becoming umber, concentrically sulcate and ridged, radiately fluted and/or rugulose, nodose; cortex to 0.5 mm thick, dark brown, shining, of compactly intertwined cemented hyphae; margin acute, entire, undulate, lighter in colour; hymenial surface ochre drying bay, with a sterile border 2-3 mm wide. Pores obscurely stratose, pallid ochre, 2-4 mm deep in each layer, 5-6 per mm, 100-200 µ diameter, dissepiments 50-150 µ thick, most 50-75 µ, apices expanded partly occluding pores, velutinate. Context 2-5 mm thick, ochre or isabelline, of compact intertwined hyphae; skeletal hyphae to 4 µ diameter, lumena almost capillary, sparsely branched, aseptate, staining; generative hyphae to 3 µ diameter, walls 0.2 µ thick, branched, septate. Hymenial layer to 20 µ deep, a close palisade of basidia and paraphyses soon collapsing and partly embedded in mucilage. Basidia clavate, 12-16 x 7-8 µ, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 4 µ long. Paraphyses clavate, 8-12 x 5-6 µ. Spores elliptical, 7-10 x 4-5.5 µ, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µ thick, staining slightly.
Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand.
Bark or decorticated wood of dead erect trunks, associated with a white rot.
Plants sometimes exude large drops from the hymenial surface, and occasionally these persist so that pore tissue grows between them; consequently when drops disappear eventually the surface exhibits a pitted or reticulated appearance. From Heterobasidion hemitephrum the species may be separated by the different shape and surface of the pileus, larger spores and absence of an orange zone beneath the cortex. Spores vary in length in different specimens, some not exceeding 6.8 x 3.5-4 µ, in others reaching a length of 10 µ.
Tasmania.
FAGACEAE. Nothofagus fusca: Nelson, Staircase Creek, Reefton, 700 m, type collection, P.D.D. herbarium, No. 19144. PROTEACEAE. Knightia excelsa: Auckland, Waikaretu, 130 m.
Hymenophore annual, coriaceous, almost resupinate, forming. irregular adherent areas to 10 x 5 cm, to 3.5 mm thick. Pilei represented by upturned margins or irregular ridges in the hymenial layer, to 3 mm radius, surface even, clay colour; margin thinning out, cream or clay colour, with a pallid sterile border to 5 mm wide; hymenial surface cream or tan, irregular, not creviced. Pores 1-2 per mm, to 3 mm deep, dissepiments soon torn into tapering spines with acuminate finely velutinate apices, sometimes collapsing so that pores are 1-3 mm across. Context to 0.25 mm deep, cream in section, of densely intertwined hyphae almost sclerotioid next the substratum; generative hyphae 3-6 µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm thick, branched, septate, without clamp connections. Metuloids present in the hymemal layer and dissepiments; in the hymenial layer fusiform, or ventricose, with long acuminate apices, projecting to 20 µm, and forming a dense palisade of 2-3 irregular rows in the subhymenium of mature dissepiments, 16-30 x 4-6 µm, walls hyaline, thin, crystal encrusted; in dissepiments cylindrical, to 6 µm diameter, upwards of 100 µm in length, walls crystal encrusted. Hymenial layer to 25 µm deep, a dense palisade of basidia, paraphyses, and cystidia. Basidia subclavate, 12-20 x 3.5-4.5 µm, bearing 2-4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 8-14 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores obovate or suballantoid, apiculate, 4-5 x 1.5-2 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
New Zealand.
Bark and decorticated wood of fallen branches and trunks.
Hymenophorum annuum, coriaceum, paene resupinatum, 10 x 5 cm, ad 3.5 mm crassum. Pilei marginum reversorum, 3 mm radii, superficie aequali, alutacea. Hymenii superficies inaequalis, non rimosa. Pori 1-2 per mm, ad 3 mm alti, dissepimentis in spinis apiculatis corruentibus. Contextus ad 0.25 mm altus, hypharum solide intertextarum. Hyphae generatoriae 3-6 µm diam., parietibus 0.2 µm crassis, ramosae, septatae, enodulosae. Metuloides adest; in hymenio ad 20 µm, eminentes, in dissepimentis ad 100 µm , longi. Basidia subclavata, 12-20 x 3.5-4.5 µm, 2-4 sporas in sterigmatis ad 4 µm longis gerentia. Sporae obovatae vel suballantoides, apiculatae, 4-5 x 1.5-2 µm, laeves, hyalinae. On dead bark of Nothofagus fusca, Reefton, Nelson, N.Z.
Specific features are the almost resupinate fructifications, metuloids of two types, monomitic hyphal system without clamp connections on generative hyphae, and small suballantoid spores. Pilei are represented by narrow upturned margins, or by occasional reflexed portions of the hymenial layer (in plants growing vertically) and are smooth and clay coloured on the surface. Metuloids of the hymenial layer are ventricose or fusiform with long acuminate apices, and thin walled but crystal encrusted. Near the apices of pores or spines they occur in a single layer, but in older tissues they are arranged in two or three irregular rows forming a dense palisade beneath the subhymenium, embedded in mucilage granules; some are partly coloured. Metuloids of the dissepiments are cylindrical, with densely crystal encrusted walls, and may exceed 100 µm in length. Generative hyphae are thin-walled, freely septate, scantily branched, without clamp connections and densely compacted into an almost sclerotioid layer above the substratum.
LOCALITY: Staircase Creek, Nelson.
OLEACEAE. Gymnelaea cunninghamii: Auckland, Upper Piha Valley, 300 m; Anawhata Road, Waitakere Ranges, 300 m, type collection, P.D.D. herbarium, No. 6657; Cutty Grass Road, Waitakere Ranges, 300 m; Mamaku Forest, 600 m. Wellington, Erua State Forest, 900 m.
Hymenophore perennial, solitary, woody, attached laterally or pendent by a broad base from the lower surface of fallen trunks. Pilei ungulate, sometimes applanate, occasionally resupinate, 6-14 cm wide, 3-9 cm radius, 3-17 cm thick; pileus surface dark fuscous brown, commonly black, dull, glabrous, concentrically sulcate, nodulose or irregularly roughened; cortex to 0.25 mm thick, black, shining, of densely intertwined and cemented hyphae; margin obtuse, even or crenate, concolorous; hymenial surface plane or slightly concave, ochraceous, becoming bay or ferruginous, often receding with each successive pore layer, with a black nodulose sterile border 1-10 mm wide. Pores stratose, occupying the bulk of the pileus, each layer 1-4 cm deep, fawn, 3-4 per mm, 150-250 µm diameter; dissepiments 50-350 µm thick, equal, apices velutinate. Context wood colour, drying bay or ferruginous, soft, 2-5 mm thick, of intertwined hyphae; skeletal hyphae to 4-5 µm diameter, unbranched, tapering at ends, aseptate, lumena capillary, hyaline or tinted; binding hyphae to 3 µm diameter, freely branched, aseptate, undulate, lumena almost capillary; generative hyphae to 3.5 µm diameter, freely branched, septate, walls hyaline, 0-2 µm thick. Hymenial layer to 20 µm deep, a close palisade of basidia and paraphyses, soon collapsing. Basidia clavate, 8-12 x 4-5 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 3 µm long. Paraphyses clavate, 6-10 x 3.5-4 µm. Spores elliptical, some slightly fusiform, 8-10 x 5-6 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
New Zealand.
Sides and ventral surfaces of fallen decorticated trunks, associated with a brown rot.
Hymenophorum perenne, solum, ligneum, basi lata adjunctum. Pilei ungulati,. interdum applanati, raro resupinati, 6-14 cm lati, 3-9 cm radii, 3-17 cm crassi; superficie fusco-brunnea, concentric¬aliter sulcata; corticie ad 0.25mm crasso, nigro; margine obtuso, aequo vel crenato, concolori; hymenii superficie plana vel concava, ochracea, saepe recedenti, margine nigro sterili 1-10 mm lato. Pori stratosi 3-4 per mm, 150-250 µm diam. ; dissepimentis 50-350 µm crassis, aequis, apicibus velutinatis. Contextus 2-5 mm crassus; hyphae skeletales ad 4 - 5 µm diam., non ramosae, apicibus fastigatis, aseptatae, hyalinis; hyphae ligantes ad 3 µm, diam., ramosae, aseptatae, undulatae, luminibus ; hyphae generatoriae ad 3 - 5 µm diam., ramosae, septatae, hyalinae, 0.2 µm crassae. Basidia clavata, 8-12 x 4-5 µm, 4 sporas in sterigmatis ad 3 µm longis gerentia. Sporae ellipticae, interdum fusiformes, 8-10 x 5-6 µm, laeves, hyalinae. On decorticated wood of Gymnelaea cunninghamii, Waitakere Ranges, Auckland, N.Z.
Specific features are the pallid colour of context and pores contrasting with the black exterior, black cortex, moderately sized pores and somewhat large spores. Pilei are irregular in shape, most being ungulate, some also cylindrical when multistratose, applanate, or resupinate. Hyphae of the context are hyaline or tinted yellow and do not darken in aqueous solutions of potassium hydroxide. The hyphal system is trimitic although this is not easy to ascertain since binding hyphae are scanty; but the presence of clamp connections associated with stratose pores and hyaline hyphae indicate that the species has this type of hyphal system. The species differs from L. officinalis in the presence of a conspicuous black cortex, differently shaped much larger spores, different colour of context free from mucilage. The species appears to be confined to the one host, from the Maori name of which the specific name has been taken.
LOCALITY: Waitakere Ranges, Auckland.
ARAUCARIACEAE. Agathis australis: Auckland, Waipoua Kauri Forest, 250 m. PODOCARPACEAE. Dacrydium cupressinum: Otago, Ulva Islet, Stewart Island. Podocarpus totara: Auckland, Waipoua Kauri Forest, 180 m. UNKNOWN HOSTS. Auckland, Clevedon. Wellington, Wiltons Bush, 160 m; Karori, 130 m.
Hymenophore annual, membranous, loosely attached, forming irregular areas to 8 cm across. Hymenial surface even, white drying isabelline or pallid fulvous, soft, flaccid, not creviced; margin loosely attached, lifting, rhizomorphic, often in the form of broad sterile yellow sheets, 1-10 mm wide. Pores round, sometimes obscurely stratose, 3-6 per mm, to 0.75 mm deep, 100-150 µm diameter; dissepiments not toothed, 50-100 µm thick, equal. Context white or cream, drying isabelline, to 0.3 mm thick, of loosely intertwined hyphae, embedding crystals; generative hyphae 2.5-3 µmdiameter, walls 0.25 µm thick, hyaline, slightly tinted when old, branched, septate, encrusted partly with mucilage granules or calcium crystals, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 25 µm deep, a close palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate, 8-12 x 3.5-5 µm, soon collapsing, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata slightly arcuate, to 6 µm long. Paraphyses clavate, 6-10 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores globose or subglobose, 3-4 µm diameter, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Europe, North America, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Fallen decayed trunks, branches and worked timber, mainly of conifers, associated with a brown rot.
Features aiding diagnosis are the monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections on the generative hyphae, subglobose small spores, prominent coloured rhizomorphs, and yellowish colour of the hymenophore. New Zealand collections have been taken from much decayed coniferous wood, associated with a brown rot. Context hyphae may be naked, or partly encrusted with granules of coloured mucilage and/or calcium crystals, sometimes the latter almost completely encrusting them.
In a previous paper (Cunningham 1947b, p. 13) I referred the species to Poria adiposa (Berk. & Br.) G. H. Cunn.; but later examination of collections of this species in Kew herbarium showed our plants to differ in several particulars. Collections from the region resemble most closely Poria albolutescens, including the characteristic yellow rhizomorphs. They also resemble Poria myceliosa Peck as plants are white when fresh, pallid yellow or dingy white when dry. The latter has larger pores (3-4 per mm) and elliptical spores 4 x 2.5 µm.
In a previous paper (Cunningham 1947b, p. 13) I referred the species to Poria adiposa (Berk. & Br.) G. H. Cunn.; but later examination of collections of this species in Kew herbarium showed our plants to differ in several particulars. Collections from the region resemble most closely Poria albolutescens, including the characteristic yellow rhizomorphs. They also resemble Poria myceliosa Peck as plants are white when fresh, pallid yellow or dingy white when dry. The latter has larger pores (3-4 per mm) and elliptical spores 4 x 2.5 µm.
TYPE LOCALITY: Lapland.
HABITAT: Bark or decorticated fallen decayed branches, associated with a white rot. UNKNOWN HOSTS. New South Wales, Moruya (herb. Kew); Pennant Hills.
Hymenophore annual, adherent, membranous, effused forming small elliptical colonies 3 x 2 cm. Hymenial surface when fresh white, drying white or ivory, even, not creviced; margin thinning out, fibrillose, adherent, white. Pores 3-4 commonly 3 per mm, round or polygonal, 0.2-0.5 mm diameter; dissepiments 40-85 µm thick, tapering, fringed with crystal encrusted hyphae. Context white, 0.1-0.3 mm thick, of loosely intertwined hyphae; generative hyphae 3-4.5 µm diameter, to 6 µm in a few inflated cells, many in the dissepiments sheathed with plate like linear crystals almost forming tubes, walls 0.2 µm thick, branched, septate, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 15 µm, deep, a loose irregular palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate, many obovate, 8-14 x 4-5.5 µm, bearing 2-4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 3 µm long. Paraphyses obovate or cylindrical, 8-12 x 2.5-4 µm. Spores globose or subglobose, 4-5.5 µm (including spines), walls finely sparsely echinulate, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick, spines to 0.5 µm long.
DISTRIBUTION: North America, Europe, Australia.
Specific features are the small subglobose or globose, echinulate spores, monomitic hyphal system with some hyphae inflated, others ensheathed with plate-like crystals, and delicate fimbriate dissepiments. Under Poria hymenocystis an Australian collection, now in Kew herbarium, ex "N.S.W., Moruya, W.N. Cheeseman, 1914" was recorded by E. M. Wakefield (1915, p. 365).
TYPE LOCALITY: Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
MYRTACEAE. Eucalyptus sp: New South Wales, Bullahdelah, type collection, also in Kew herbarium, No. 10, from the same locality.
Hymenophore annual, adherent, membranous, effused forming irregular areas to 9 x 4 cm. Hymenial surface (now) pallid pinkish buff, even, irregularly creviced when old; margin thinning out to 0-5 mm across, fibrillose, loosely attached. Pores 5-7 per mm, 60-130 µm diameter, round, to 0.8 mm deep; dissepiments 40-100 µm thick, equal, apices fibrillose with encrusted hyphae. Context to 300 µmthick, pallid wood colour, of densely intertwined hyphae; skeletal hyphae 3.5-5 µm diameter, walls 1-1.5 µm thick, aseptate, scantily branched; generative hyphae 2.5-3 µm diameter, walls 0.25-0.5 µm thick, branched, septate, associated with numerous pyriform vesicles 5-8 µm diameter, which sometimes appear in the hymenial layer as capitate paraphysate hyphae, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 25 µm deep, a close palisade of basidia, paraphyses, and capitate paraphysate hyphae. Basidia subclavate, 10-16 x 3.5-4.5 µm, bearing 2-4 spores; sterigmata erect, slender, to 5 µm long. Paraphyses cylindrical, fusiform, or subclavate, 8-15 x 3-3.5 µm. Capitate paraphysate hyphae projecting to 15 µm, 5 µm, diameter, some with apices crystal encrusted. Spores oval, many subglobose, 4-4.5 x 3-3.5 µm, or 4 x 3.5 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Australia.
HABITAT: Bark of fallen logs, associated with a white rot.
In the type collection plants are growing upon charred bark. The species is close to P. versipora in many particulars, especially in the structure of the context hyphae. It differs mainly in the presence of abundant pyriform vesicles among the context hyphae, and surface colour. Vesicles are also present in some collections of P. versipora but are scanty, smaller and usually confined to apices of the dissepiments.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bullahdelah, New South Wales.
CORYNOCARPACEAE. Corynocarpus laevigatus: Auckland, Purewa Bush, 25 m. ELAEOCARPACEAE. Elaeocarpus dentatus: Auckland, Waikaretu, 120 m. ESCALLONIACEAE. Carpodetus serratus: Auckland, Moumoukai Valley, Hunua Ranges, 250 m. LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tawa: Auckland, Ruatewhenua, Waitakere Ranges, 300 m; Mangatawhiri Stream, Hunua Ranges, 250 m; Moumoukai Valley, Hunua Ranges, 300 m; Whitianga Road, Coromandel-Peninsula, 220 m; Lake Rotoehu, 450 m; Earthquake Flat, Rotorua, 600 m. Wellington, Lake Papaitonga, 20 m. PROTEACEAE. Knightia excelsa: Auckland, Huia, 30 m. RUBIACEAE. Coprosma arborea: Auckland, Western Hills, Whangarei, 120 m.
Hymenophore annual, adherent, membranous, effused forming irregular areas 3-10 x 2-5 cm, 0.5-1 mm thick. Hymenial surface at first pallid green or dingy grey, blackening where bruised, finally becoming almost black, not creviced; margin tending to lift and curl inwards simulating rudimentary pilei, thinning out, 2-3 mm wide, fibrillose, dingy grey or some shade of greyish-brown. Pores not in strata, round or slightly irregular, 5-7 per mm (3-5 when young), 150-200 µm diameter, to 0.8 mm deep; dissepiments entire, 25-150 µm thick, slightly velutinate, coloured black by mucilage covering hyphal walls and filling interstices. Context 200-500 µm thick, of hyaline hyphae parallel in the base and dissepiments, sclerotioid between base and pores with bands of black mucilage lying between hyphae (occasionally absent), embedding abundant coarse crystals; generative hyphae 3-6 µm, diameter, walls 0.5-1 µm thick, a few tinted in the base, branched, septate, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 18 µm thick, a compact palisade of basidia, paraphyses, and paraphysate hyphae. Basidia clavate, 8-12 x 4-5 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata arcuate, slender, to 6 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 6-10 x 4-4.5 µm. Paraphysate hyphae projecting, capitate, apices expanded to 5 µm, confined to upper parts of the dissepiments, abundant or scanty. Spores elliptical, ovate or pip-shaped, apiculate, 3.5-4 x 2-2.5 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.2 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.
HABITAT: Bark or decorticated dead wood, associated with a white rot.
In microfeatures the species is close to Gloeoporus adustus, differing in the pallid irregular margin, larger pores, different colour, thin walls of generative hyphae and peculiar gelatinous, fuscous mucilage embedded among hyphae of the context and dissepiments. Furthermore, plants are completely resupinate, although margins may become inturned then simulating rudimentary pilei. The surface blackens readily where bruised, and in different collections may be pallid yellow, greenish-yellow, fuscous, or black, sometimes most colours appearing in one collection. The capitate paraphysate hyphae confined to the hymenial region, are also a feature. Only the type collection is in Kew herbarium, ex "Currey, New Zealand", labelled Polyporus curreianus Berk. On the sheet Bresadola referred the species to Polyporus dichrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: New Zealand.
ARAUCARIACEAE. Agathis australis: Auckland, Albany, 130 m; Anawhata Road, Waitakere Ranges, 300 m; Huia, 100 m; Camel's Back, Coromandel Peninsula, 200 m. LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tawa: Auckland, Mt. Te Aroha, 500 in; Upper Wairoa Valley, Hunua Ranges, 300 m, type collection, P.D.D., Herbarium, No. 5279. MYRSINACEAE. Myrsine salicina: Auckland, Anawhata Road, Waitakere Ranges, 300 m. MYRTACEAE. Metrosideros robusta: Auckland, Upper Piha Valley, 300 m; Cutty Grass Road, Waitakere Ranges, 300 m. PODOCARPACEAE. Dacrydium cupressinum: Auckland, Kauri Grove Track, Waitakere Ranges, 280 m. Podocarpus totara: Auckland, Piha, 120 m; Hunua Ranges, 280 m. UNKNOWN HOSTS. Auckland, Little Barrier Island, 70 m; Mangatangi Valley, Hunua Ranges, 170 m; Clevedon, 30 m.
Hymenophore annual or perennial, adherent, coriaceous, effused forming irregular areas 8-15 x 4-8 cm, 5-10 mm thick. Hymenial surface at first white, drying cream or pallid yellow, sometimes tinted orange, not creviced, even; margin thinning out, irregular,. concolorous, 1-10 mm wide, fibrillose, adherent. Pores obscurely stratose in old specimens, slightly glancing, round, 7-9 per mm, 75-100 µm diameter, to 8 mm deep; dissepiments entire, 30-100 µm thick, commonly 50 µm, acuminate, even or slightly velutinate. Context white, to 1 mm thick, 200 µm or less in old plants, of densely intertwined hyphae, embedding a few scattered crystals; skeletal hyphae 2.5-5 µm diameter, walls 1-1.5 µm thick, aseptate, sparsely branched, naked; generative hyphae 1-1.5 µm diameter, walls 0.1 µm thick, branched, septate, with scanty clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 10 µm; deep, a scanty palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia elliptical, or subclavate, 4-6 x 2-4 µm, soon collapsing, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, slender, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses obovate, cylindrical, or a few subclavate, 4-6 x 2-3 µm. Spores allantoid or sublunate, 2.5-3 x 0.75-1 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.
HABITAT: Decorticated decayed fallen branches and trunks, associated with a white rot.
Characterised by the firm and dry coriaceous texture, light colour, small pores with thin dissepiments, obscurely stratose in old specimens, sparsely branched aseptate skeletal hyphae, delicate generative hyphae, and allantoid spores of small size. Most collections are sterile, save near margins, and even in fertile plants basidia are scattered and inconspicuous.
The species illustrates the weakness of trying to establish a genus such as Perenniporia upon the presence of stratose pores. In different specimens pores may be in a single layer, of several seasons' growth but continuous, or show definite strata indicated by slight changes in shape or colour.
The species illustrates the weakness of trying to establish a genus such as Perenniporia upon the presence of stratose pores. In different specimens pores may be in a single layer, of several seasons' growth but continuous, or show definite strata indicated by slight changes in shape or colour.
TYPE LOCALITY: Hunua Ranges, Auckland.
COMPOSITAE. Brachyglottis repanda: Auckland, Rangitoto Island, 250 m. CORIARIACEAE. Coriaria arborea: Auckland, Rangitoto Island, 30 m. CUNONIACEAE. Weinmannia racemosa: Auckland, Lake Okataina, 500 m. Otago, Ryans Creek, Stewart Island. ELAEOCARPACEAE. Aristotelia serrata: Auckland, Kaimai Ranges, 700 m. FAGACEAE. Nothofagus truncata: Auckland, Little Barrier Island, 100 m. LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tarairi: Auckland, Te Moehau, Coromandel Peninsula, 200 m. Beilschmiedia tawa: Auckland, Scenic Drive, Waitakere Ranges, 300 m. MELIACEAE. Dysoxylum spectabile: Auckland, Little Barrier Island, 130 m. MYRTACEAE. Metrosideros excelsa: Auckland, Little Barrier Island, 200 m. Metrosideros robusta: Auckland, Titirangi, 250 m. VIOLACEAE. Melicytus ramiflorus: Auckland, Whites Stream, Piha, 10 m; Old Exhibition Drive, Waitakere Ranges, 300 m; Earthquake Flat, Rotorua, 500 m. Wellington, Bruces Reserve, Hunterville, 250 m; Ruahine Ranges, 350 m. UNKNOWN HOSTS. Auckland, Lake Waikaremoana, 600 m; Orakei Bush, 20 m; Parahaki, Whangarei, 250 m; Stony Creek, Henderson Valley, 200 m; Auckland Domain, 140 m; Purewa Bush, 30 m; Cascades, Waitakere Ranges, 250 m; Whitianga Road, Coromandel Peninsula, 300 m. Wellington, Whakatikei Forest Reserve, 100 m. New South Wales, Orange.
IN KEW HERBARIUM: Only two collections, ex "Tasmania, Archer" (type collection) and "N.S.W., Orange, J. B. Cleland, 18".
IN KEW HERBARIUM: Only two collections, ex "Tasmania, Archer" (type collection) and "N.S.W., Orange, J. B. Cleland, 18".
Hymenophore annual, adherent, membranous, forming irregularly linear areas 4-10 x 2-4 cm, 0.1-3 mm thick. Hymenial surface at first white, becoming cream or honey yellow with a glassy appearance, even, often creviced; margin adherent, thinning out when sterile, or in some specimens terminating abruptly in a fertile face, arachnoid, irregular. Pores not in strata, round or angular, often oblique, 6-9 per mm (6-7 when young), 100-200 µm diameter, to 2.5 mm deep; dissepiments 50-75 µm thick, not toothed, even, equal. Context white, 100-200 µm thick, a densely intertwined layer of hyphae embedding numerous crystals; generative hyphae 2-2.5 µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm thick, branched, septate, with abundant clamp connections, embedded in mucilage. Hymenial layer to 15 µm deep, a dense palisade of basidia and paraphyses embedded in mucilage. Basidia clavate, 8-12 x 3-4 µm bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, delicate, to 3 µm long. Paraphyses ovate, oval, or clavate, 6-10 x 3-3.5 µm, Spores allantoid, 3-4 x 0.75-1 µm walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Decayed fallen branches and trunks, associated with a white rot.
Identified by the monomitic hyphal system, delicate hyphae, small allantoid spores, small pores, thin dissepiments, and glassy hymenophore which, when dry, resembles gristle. Dissepiments are often toothed and in old specimens frequently torn; or they may be concentrically crenulated as if they had grown in length at successive intervals.
TYPE LOCALITY: Tasmania.
CORIARIACEAE. Coriaria arborea: Auckland, Mt. Te Aroha, 230 m; Rangitoto Island, 250 m. CORYNOCARPACEAE. Corynocarpus laevigatus: Auckland, Wattle Bay, coast. MYRTACEAE. Leptospermum ericoides: Wellington, Pangarara River, Mt. Tongariro, 700 m. UNKNOWN HOSTS. New South Wales, Thornleigh. Victoria, Cockatoo. Tasmania, Browns River; Cascades, Hobart.
Hymenophore annual, adherent, membranous, effused forming irregular areas 3-8 x 1-3 cm, 0.5-1 mm thick. Hymenial surface white or cream, even, not creviced; margin even, to 1 mm wide, white, fibrillose, adherent. Pores not in strata, angular, often oblique or irpiciform, 3-5 commonly 3-4 per mm, 100-250 µm diameter, to 1 mm deep; dissepiments not toothed, 75-200 µm thick, equal, apices finely velutinate. Context white becoming cream when dry, of closely intertwined hyphae a few encrusted, 100-200 µm thick; skeletal hyphae 3.5-4 µm diameter, walls to 1 µm thick, staining, aseptate, sparingly branched near ends; generative hyphae 2.5-3 µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm thick, branched, septate, with clamp- connections. Hymenial layer to 20 µm deep, a close palisade of basidia, paraphyses, and scanty paraphysate hyphae. Basidia clavate, 12-16 x 5-6 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata arcuate, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, some ventricose, 10-14 x 4.5-5 µm. Paraphysate hyphae irregularly ventricose, to 25 x 8 µm, sometimes wanting. Spores globose or subglobose, apiculate, 4-4.5 µm, or 4-4.5 x 3.5-4 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Bark and decorticated wood of fallen branches and trunks, associated with a white rot.
Plants resemble P. versipora in hyphal structure and nature of the surface. They differ in the subglobose spores and, usually, absence of capitate paraphysate hyphae, although a few of the latter are occasionally found. In two collections are present the peculiar paraphysate hyphae "shaped like the foot of a stocking" described by Overholts and Lowe. In one collection they are abundant, in the other rare.
TYPE LOCALITY: Brandon, Vermont.
ARAUCARIACEAE. Agathis australis: Auckland, Waipoua Kauri Forest, 120m; Little Barrier Island, loom. COMPOSITAE. Brachyglottis repanda: Auckland, Glen Murray, 85 m. Olearia rani: Auckland, Upper Piha Valley, 300 m. FAGACEAE. Nothofagus truncata: Auckland, Orere, Hunua Ranges, 300 m. LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tawa: Auckland, Little Barrier Island, 35 m; Te Araroa, 220 m. MELIACEAE. Dysoxylum spectabile: Auckland, Huia, 20 m. MYRTACEAE. Eucalyptus regnans: Victoria, Sherbrooke Falls, Dandenong Ranges. Leptospermum ericoides: Auckland, Great King Island; Little Barrier Island; Whangarei Heads. Leptospermum scoparium: Auckland, Cutty Grass Road, Waitakere Ranges, 300 m; Orere Point. Metrosideros excelsa: Auckland, Hen Island. PAPILIONACEAE. Sophora microphylla: Auckland, Purewa Bush, 25 m. PINACEAE. Pinus laricio: Auckland, Kaingaroa Plains, 500 m. Pinus radiata:Auckland, Waipoua Kauri Forest. PODOCARPACEAE. Dacrydium cupressinum: Auckland, Waikaretu, 120 m. Podocarpus hallii: Auckland, Waitakei Saddle, 950 m. Wellington, Upper Pohangina River, 300 m. Taranaki, Dawson Falls, Mt. Egmont, 950 m. Podocarpus spicatus: Otago, Upper Hollyford Valley, 200 m. Podocarpus totara: Taranaki, Mt. Egmont, 850 m. VERBENACEAE. Vitex lucens: Auckland, Little Barrier Island. VIOLACEAE. Melicytus ramiflorus: Auckland, Ruatewhenua, Waitakere Ranges, 250 m; Moumoukai Valley, Hunua Ranges, 280 m; Paparata, 110 m. UNKNOWN HOSTS. Auckland, Rangitoto Island; Te Moehau, Coromandel Peninsula, 200 m; Mt. Te Aroha, 700 m. Victoria, Sherbrooke Forest, Dandenong Ranges; Wallaby Creek. New South Wales, Thornleigh; Garie Beach; Sydney; Milson Island. South Australia, Meningie, Lake Albert, Kuitpo; Mallanganee (type collection of Poria minutipora). Tasmania, no locality. IN KEW HERBARIUM: Only one collection from the region, ex "N.Z., Colenso, b. 139", filed under Poria mucida.
Hymenophore annual, adherent, membranous, effused forming linear areas 5-22 x 1-4 cm; 1-2 mm thick. Hymenial surface at first snow white, glancing, drying white or pallid cream, even, not creviced; margin thinning out, white, fibrillose, to 5 mm wide, adherent. Pores not in strata, angular, when old a few in the central area becoming elongated, 3-6 per mm, 100-200 µm diameter, to 2 mm deep; dissepiments entire, equal, 50-110 µm thick, apices tufted with delicate hyphae. Context white, 50-200 µm thick, floccose, of closely intertwined hyphae embedding scattered crystals; skeletal hyphae 2.5-3 µm diameter, walls 0.5-1 µm thick, sparsely branched, aseptate; generative hyphae 1.5-2 µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm thick, branched, septate, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 15 I µm deep, a close palisade of basidia, paraphyses, and paraphysate hyphae. Basidia clavate or subclavate, 8-12 x 3.5-4 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, slender, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 6-10 x 3-3.5 µm. Paraphysate hyphae capitate, apices to 5 µm diameter, projecting to 20 µm, scattered or crowded in dissepiments and especially near apices, some crystal encrusted. Spores allantoid, many lunate, 2.5-4 x 1-1.5 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Europe, North America, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Bark and decorticated wood of fallen branches, associated with a white rot.
Collections agree with the excellent description and figure published by Eriksson (1949, p. 11). The species may be separated from related soft white ones by the allantoid, often lunate small spores, dimitic hyphal system and moderately small pores with thin dissepiments and presence of occasional capitate paraphysate hyphae sometimes bearing crystals. The type collection of Poria minutipora was found to be of this species, with similar lunate spores, minute pores, and skeletal hyphae.
TYPE LOCALITY: Finland.
MYRTACEAE. Leptospermum scoparium: Wellington, Mt. Tongariro, 850 m, type collection, P.D.D. herbarium, No. 4122; Same region, 700-1,350 m; Pangarara River, Mt. Tongariro, 1,000 m; Upper Waikato River, Kaimanawa Ranges, 600-750 m. UNKNOWN HOST. South Australia, Waterfall Gully.
Hymenophore annual, adherent, membranous-ceraceous, effused forming linear or elliptical areas 2-4 x 0.5-1 cm, 0.25-1 mm thick. Hymenial surface at first chalk white and translucent, drying dingy cream, isabelline, or sometimes reddish-brown, not creviced; margin adherent, sharply defined, 0.5 mm or less in width, white, fibrillose, irregular, adherent. Pores not in strata, round or slightly angular, 2-3 or 3-4 per mm, 100-250 µm diameter; to 1 mm deep, dissepiments 160-200 µm thick, equal, apices tufted. Context white or pallid cream, 100-200 µm thick, of closely intertwined hyphae; generative hyphae 3.5-4 µm diameter, walls 1-1.5 µm thick, branched, septate, slightly swollen at septa, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 25 µm deep, a dense palisade of basidia and paraphyses embedded in mucilage. Basidia subclavate, 8-12 x 3.5-4 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, slender, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 6-10 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores allantoid, 5-6 x 1.5-2 µm,walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Australia, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Bark and wood of standing fire-killed stems and branches, associated with a brown ring rot.
Common in the Tongariro National Park and vicinity, the fungus produces a conspicuous brown ring rot in its host. It may be identified by the monomitic hyphal system, allantoid spores, and waxy fructifications, which form narrow linear areas upon the host tissues. Although sterile, the Australian collection has been placed here as it agrees in other features. The specific name was taken from the Maori name for Leptospermum scoparium.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mt. Tongariro, Wellington.
ELAEOCARPACEAE. Elaeocarpus dentatus: Auckland, Waikaretu, 140 m. MONIMIACEAE. Hedycarya arborea: Auckland, Western Hills, Whangarei, 120 m. IN KEW HERBARIUM: Only one collection from the region, ex "N.Z., Colenso, b304".
Hymenophore annual, membranous, adherent, effused forming irregular areas 8-15 x 3-5 cm, 1.5-2 mm deep, with numerous outlying islands. Hymenial surface even, at first snow white, becoming pallid cream and somewhat translucent, finally drying pallid isabelline or dingy cream, not creviced; margin irregular, thinning out, white, to 1.5 mm wide. Pores not in strata, round or more commonly angular, glancing, 5-7 per mm, 100-200 µm diameter, to 1 mm deep; dissepiments entire, 50-100 µm thick, commonly about 50 µm, equal or tapering near apices, minutely velutinate. Context white, 0.4-0.5 mm thick, of densely intertwined hyphae, more loosely and somewhat parallel next the substratum, embedding crystals; generative hyphae 3.5-4 µm diameter, walls 0.5 µm thick, septate, branched, with abundant clamp connections, frequently crystal encrusted. Hymenial layer to 18 µm deep, a dense palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate, often fusiform when immature, 12-18 x 4-6 µm, bearing 2-4 spores; sterigmata erect, slender, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, some pyriform, 10-14 x 3.5-4.5 µm. Spores broadly elliptical, or ovate, 4-5 x 2.5-3.5 walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Europe, North America, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Decayed decorticated wood and bark of dead fallen or standing stems and branches, associated with a white rot.
Collections agree with specimens in Kew herbarium so named by Bresadola and Romell, and the interpretation is now accepted by European mycologists. The species is the type of Fibuloporia Bond & Sing. ex Sing.
TYPE LOCALITY: Europe.
FAGACEAE. Nothofagus fusca: Wellington, Gollans Valley, 120 m. MELIACEAE. Dysoxylum spectabile: Auckland, Whitianga. Coromandel Road, 70 m. IN KEW HERBARIUM: Only one collection from the region, ex "Q., Toowoomba", filed under Poria blepharistoma.
Hymenophore annual, at first adherent, becoming loosely attached, membranous, brittle, effused forming irregularly linear areas 5-18 x 2-4 cm, with a few elliptical outlying islands. Hymenial surface white, drying cream, pallid alutaceous or wood colour, even, sometimes irregularly creviced; margin thinning out, fibrillose, white, 1-5 mm across, sometimes with brief rhizomorphs. Pores at first 2-3 per mm, often splitting when old when 1-3 mm long, 1-3 mm deep; dissepiments equal, 75-120 µm thick, apices even or toothed. Context 50-150 µm thick, white, of closely intertwined hyphae; generative hyphae 2-3.5 µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm thick, sparsely branched, septate, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 20 µm deep, a close palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate, 8-15 x 3-4 µm, bearing 2-4 spores; sterigmata erect, slender, to 3 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, many cylindrical, 6-14 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores obovate, oval, many cylindrical, abundant, 3-4.5 x 3-3.5 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Decorticated wood of fallen branches and trunks, associated with a white rot.
Characters of the species are the large and (when old) irregular pores, fragile context, monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections on the generative hyphae, and minute, abundant, obovate or oval spores. In surface features the species resembles P. vaporaria but the latter differs in its dimitic hyphal system and allantoid spores. No authentic collection of P. vaporaria from the region has been seen.
TYPE LOCALITY: Europe.
MYRTACEAE. Eucalyptus regnans: Victoria, Tarra Valley Park. South Australia, Mt. Lofty.
Hymenophore perennial, cretaceous, adherent, effused forming irregular areas to 30 x 20 cm, to 2 cm thick. Hymenial surface at first apricot or orange, becoming black and shining, creviced when old; margin at first orange, fibrillose, thinning out, becoming abrupt, often cliff like, inturned, free or adherent. Pores in one or several obscure layers, round, 4-5 per mm, 120-160 µm diameter, to 5 mm in each layer; dissepiments equal, 75-120 µm thick, even, embedded in mucilage. Context (of dried specimens) almost black, like charcoal, fragile, to 1 mm thick, of closely intertwined hyphae cemented with mucilage; generative hyphae 3.5-4 µm diameter, walls 0.1 µm thick, hyaline, septate, branched, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 15 µm deep, a close palisade of basidia and spores. Basidia subclavate, 18-24 x 4-4.5 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata slightly arcuate, to 6 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, or subcylindrical, 14-20 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores broadly elliptical or obovate, apiculate, 3.5-5.5 x 3-4.5 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.2 µm thick, staining.
DISTRIBUTION: North America, Australia.
HABITAT: Bark and decorticated wood of fallen trunks, associated with a white rot.
The description of basidia and spores has been drawn from North American specimens kindly forwarded by Prof. J. L. Lowe. Mature fructifications are so impregnated with mucilaginous matter that when dried they appear black, firm, and brittle like pieces of charcoal. In the absence of spores and basidia the species may be recognised by this feature. For additional host range, and probable host range, see Walters (1958, p. 96).
TYPE LOCALITY: Selkirk, New York.
FAGACEAE. Nothofagus cliffortioides: Wellington, Waihohonu River, Mt. Tongariro, 1,200 m, type collection, P.D.D. herbarium, No. 5275; Oturere River, Mt. Tongariro, 1,350 m; Pangarara River, Mt. Tongariro, 1,000 m; Kaimanawa Ranges, 950 m; Mangatorutoru Stream, Mt. Ruapehu, 1,200 m; Whakapapa, Mt. Ruapehu, 1,100 m; Silica Springs Track, Mt. Ruapehu, 1,100m. Otago, Lake Manapouri, 160m. Nothofagus menziesii: Hawke's Bay, Upper Homestead, Poronui, 700 m. Wellington, Mt. Hauhangatahi, 700 m. Otago, McLennan, Catlins.
Hymenophore annual, adherent, membranous, fragile, effused forming linear areas 5-11 x 1-4 cm, sometimes extending to 1 metre, 1-3 mm thick. Hymenial surface chalk white when fresh, drying cream or honey yellow, or in parts pallid ochre, even, often creviced deeply; margin adherent, thinning out, irregular, to 1 mm wide, finely fibrillose, cream. Pores not in strata, irregular, orbicular, oval, angular, elliptical or labyrinthiform when slightly irpiciform, 1-4 per mm, 0.2-1.5 mm diameter, to 1.5 mm deep, white or cream; dissepiments fragile, 150-500 µm thick, irregular, edges bearing free capitate paraphysate hyphae naked or encrusted with fine crystals. Context white or cream, 0.1-1 mm thick, of intertwined hyphae encrusted with fine crystals; generative hyphae 2.5-3 µm diameter, 0.25 µm thick, branched, septate, with abundant clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 20 µm deep, a dense palisade of basidia, paraphyses, and capitate paraphysate hyphae. Basidia subclavate, 12-14 x 3-4 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 6 µm long, commonly about 4 µm. Paraphyses subclavate, 8-12 x 3-3.5 µm. Paraphysate hyphae projecting to 20 µm, apices capitate, to 6 µm diameter, naked or bearing acecular crystals. Spores mostly cylindrical, some suballantoid, apiculate, 5-6.5 x 1.5-2 µm walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.
HABITAT: Bark and decorticated wood of standing dead saplings, fallen branches.and trunks, associated with a white rot.
Hymenophorum annuum, adnatum, membranaceum, fragile, effusum, interdum ad 1 m latum, 1-3 mm crassum. Hymenii superficies alba, siccitate cremea, saepe alte rimosa; margine adnato inaequali, ad 1 mm lato, subtiliter fibrilloso. Pori non in stratis, inaequales, orbiculares, ovati, angulares, 1-4 per mm, 0.2-1.5 mm diam., ad 1.5 mm alti, albi vel cremei, dissepimentis fragilibus, maequalibus ad 150-500 µm crassis. Contextus albus vel cremeus, 0.1-1 mm crassus, hypharum intertextarum crystallis tectis. Hyphae generatoriae 2.5-3 µm diam., 0.25 µm crassae, ramosae, septatae, nodulosae. Basidia subclavata, 12-14 x 3-4 µm, 4 sporas in sterigmatis erectis ad 6 µm longis gerentia. Sporae saepe cylindricales interdum suballantoides, apiculatae, 5-6.5 x 1.5-2 µm laeves, hyalinae.
Formerly described under the name of Poria favicans (Karst.) G. H. Cunn. (Cunningham 1947b, p. 10), the species has since been found to differ from this by its monomitic hyphal system, absence of encrusted metuloids, much larger pores and fragile cretaceous context. From related species of the section the plant differs in the capitate, often encrusted paraphysate hyphae, which resemble those of Poria versipora, and are abundant in the apices of dissepiments, cylindrical or irregularly suballantoid spores, often labyrinthiform pores, fragile hymenophore and restricted host range. When fresh plants are chalk white but when dry change to some shade of yellow or ochre.
TYPE: Nothofagus cliffortioides: Wellington, Waihohonu River, Mt. Tongariro, 1,200 m, type collection, P.D.D. herbarium, No. 5275
ARALIACEAE. Meryta sinclairii: Auckland, South-west King Island. CORNACEAE. Griselinia littoralis: Otago, Milford Sound, 60 m. FAGACEAE. Nothofagus fusca: Auckland, Waitetoki, Lake Taupo, 400 m. Otago, Kinloch, Lake Wakatipu, 420 m, type collection, P.D.D. Herbarium, No. 4182. PALMAE. Phoenix sp: Auckland, Mt. Albert, 100 m.
Hymenophore annual, adherent, tending to lift when dry, membranous, fragile, effused forming irregular areas 6-14 x 3-9 cm, 1-2.5 mm thick. Hymenial surface even, cream, isabelline, or alutaceous, deeply creviced when old; margin thinning out, lifting and sometimes inturned when dry, cream, to 2 mm wide, fibrillose. Pores not in strata, round or angular, irregular, 2-5 per mm, commonly 2-3 when old, 150-500 µm diameter, to 1 mm deep; dissepiments 50-200 µm thick, equal or slightly tapering, finely velutinate. Context white or cream, 0.2-1 mm thick, hyphae loosely intertwined near the base, densely so beneath pores, forming an intricate layer to 60 µm deep, embedding crystals and granules of yellow mucilage; generative hyphae 3-6 µm diameter, walls 0.25 µm thick, often inflated between septa, septate, freely branched, without clamp connections, many crystal encrusted and in the dissepiments encrusted with mucilage. Hymenial layer to 20 µm deep, a palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate, or subcylindrical, 11-14 x 3.5-4 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 9-10 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores obovate, elliptical, or pip-shaped, some apiculate, 3.5-6 x 2-2.5 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.
HABITAT: Bark or dead branches, associated with a white rot.
Separated from others of the section by the irregular, somewhat large pores, dense hyphal layer of the context (which may be wanting in some specimens), thin-walled large-diameter generative hyphae without clamp connections, and irregular obovate or pip-shaped spores. Plants are fragile and break into segments when dry. Collections vary somewhat in size of pores, shape and size of spores, presence or absence of crystals and/or mucilage granules encrusting hyphae. In the type, granules are present in masses between hyphae and encrusting many; in the other collections listed they were found to be scanty. In macrofeatures the species resembles P. ambigua Bres. It differs in the absence of encrusted metuloids.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kinloch, Otago.
CUNONIACEAE. Weinmannia racemosa: Auckland, Te Whaiti, 300 m. MONIMIACEAE. Hedycarya arborea: Auckland, Mt. Pirongia, 700 m (type collection of Poria pirongia). PIPERACEAE. Macropiper excelsum: Otago, Woodlaw State Forest, 300 m. UNKNOWN HOSTS. Victoria, Sherbrooke Forest, Dandenong Ranges; Tarra Valley; Park Lake, Emerald. Tasmania, no locality (herb. Cleland).
Hymenophore annual or biennial, adherent, ceraceous-coriaceous, effused forming linear areas 3-10 x 2-4 cm, 1-2 mm thick. Hymenial surface cream or pallid ochre, even or undulate if growing vertically when pores are inserted obliquely, creviced when dry; margin definite, thinning out, pallid cream or white, fibrillose, adherent. Pores sometimes in two layers, round, often oblique, 3-4 per mm, 200-250 µm diameter, to 0.8 mm deep; dissepiments even, 60-150 µm thick, tapering. Context cream, 200-400 µm thick, of intertwined hyphae embedding crystals; binding hyphae of the bovista type, 4-6 µm diameter, walls 1 µm thick, staining blue, aseptate, freely branched, tapering to apices; generative hyphae 2-3 µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm thick, not staining, septate, branched, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 25 µm deep, a loose palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia clavate, 12-17 x 5-10 µm, soon collapsing, bearing 2-4 spores; sterigmata arcuate, to 5 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, or cylindrical, scanty, 8-14 x 5-7 µm. Spores oblong elliptical or obovate-elliptical, with obliquely rounded ends, 9-14 x 4.5-6.5 µm, abundant, walls finely echinulate, spines irregular, about 0.5 µm long, arranged in linear striae, hyaline, 0.25 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: North America, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Bark of fallen branches and small stems, associated with a white rot.
Readily identified by the large elliptical spores with echinulations arranged in parallel longitudinal series, bovista-type binding hyphae which stain with aniline blue, clamp connections on the generative hyphae, and somewhat large basidia. The hymenophore is similar in appearance to that of Poria leucoplaca, from which the latter differs in the smooth walls of the spores. I am indebted to J. L. Lowe for authentic specimens of P. papyracea, which on comparison were found to be practically identical with P. pirongia, which becomes a synonym.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Carolina".
UNKNOWN HOST. Queensland. Bunya Mountains, J. B. Cleland, No. 23 (type collection of Poria vinaceo-rosea).
Hymenophore annual, adherent, membranous, fragile, effused forming irregular areas to 10 cm across, 0.5-1 mm thick. Hymenial surface pallid pink, sometimes lavender, or grey; margin white, arachnoid, thinning out, adherent. Pores not in strata, round or irregularly so, sometimes scattered in small groups, 3-4 per mm, 80-150 µm diameter, 0.5 mm or less deep; dissepiments equal, not toothed, 50-80 µm thick. Context pallid pink, or grey, 50-150 µm thick, of loosely intertwined mainly erect hyphae; generative hyphae 6-10 µm diameter, branched at a wide angle, septate, without clamp connections, walls 0.2 µm thick, coated with coarse or fine granules of mucilage. Hymenial layer to 15 µm deep, a close palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate, 8-14 x 4-5 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 3 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 6-12 x 3.5-4 µm. Spores elliptical, some cylindrical, 4-4.5 x 1.5-2 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Europe, North America, Australia.
HABITAT: Decayed wood, associated with a white rot.
Colour is produced by granules of mucilage covering walls of the context hyphae and basidia. Poria viridans is a form in which the colour is more pronounced; and P. griseo-alba one with little colour. In microfeatures all three are identical. The collection from Australia is unusual in that part had developed upon the hymenial surface of a decayed specimen of Daedalea palisoti. Hyphae are of large diameter, branch at a wide angle, and walls are encrusted with granules of mucilage. Clamp connections are absent, a feature that together with the monomitic hyphal system aids in identification of the species.
TYPE LOCALITY: Europe.
ARALIACEAE. Neopanax arboreum: Wellington, Mt. Tongariro, 800 m. Pseudopanax crassifolium: Auckland, Whakarewarewa, 600 m. Taranaki, Mt. Egmont, 800 m. CUNONIACEAE. Weinmannia racemosa: Auckland, Waitakei Saddle, Hauhangaroa Range, 950 m. Westland, Pukekura, 120 m. ELAEOCARPACEAE. Aristotelia serrata: Westland, Douglas Rock Track, Copland Valley, 950 m. FAGACEAE. Nothofagus fusca: Nelson, Marble Mountain, Maruia, 900 m. LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tawa: Wellington, Totara Reserve, Pohangina Valley, 80 m. MIMOSACEAE. Albizzia lophantha: Auckland, Campbells Bay, 55 m. MYRTACEAE. Eucalyptus fasciculata: South Australia, Encounter Bay. Eucalyptus regnans: Victoria, Sherbrooke Forest, Dandenong Ranges. Leptospermum ericoides: Wellington, Kaimanawa Ranges, 950m. RUBIACEAE. Coprosma robusta: Auckland, Purewa Bush, 20m. VIOLACEAE. Melicytus ramiflorus: Otago, Alton Valley, Tuatapere. UNKNOWN HOSTS. Auckland, Rangitoto Island; Woods Bay, Titirangi. Victoria, Sherbrooke Forest, Dandenong Ranges. South Australia, Ashbourne; Hanbury; National Park; Humbug Scrub. Tasmania, Cascades, Hobart.
IN KEW HERBARIUM: Only one collection from the region, ex "Vic., No. 1029", filed under Poria violacea.
IN KEW HERBARIUM: Only one collection from the region, ex "Vic., No. 1029", filed under Poria violacea.
Hymenophore annual, adherent, ceraceous, effused forming linear areas 6-25 x 3-6 cm, 1-1.5 mm thick, with several outlying islands. Hymenial surface white when fresh, then orange or flesh pink, drying rosy pink or vinaceous, sometimes creviced when old; margin thinning out, to 3 mm wide, white then orange or vinaceous, fibrillose, irregular, sometimes wanting in old specimens. Pores not in strata, round or angular, 5-7 per mm, 75-150 µm diameter, to 1 mm deep; dissepiments 50-150 µm thick, equal, even, tomentose in young specimens. Context yellow or reddish, to 250 µm thick, of densely intertwined hyphae embedded in reddish-orange mucilage and embedding crystals; generative hyphae 3-6 µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm thick, branched, septate, without clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 20 µm deep, a loose palisade of basidia and paraphyses embedded in mucilage. Basidia subclavate, 6-12 x 3-4 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 3 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 6-10 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores allantoid, 4-5 x 1-1.5 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: North America, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Bark and decorticated fallen branches and trunks, associated with a white rot.
Collections agree with part of the type examined in Kew herbarium. The allantoid spores, monomitic hyphal system, generative hyphae of large diameter and without clamp connections, and bright colours of the hymenial surface are diagnostic features. Hyphae of the context are encrusted with granules of coloured mucilage from which the plant derives its colour.
In young stages plants of P. spissa may be confused with Merulius ravenelii; but the latter differs in the pores, fertile apices of dissepiments, different basidia, and presence of cylindrical projecting paraphysate hyphae. Poria taxicola (Pers.) Bres. is also so similar to P. spissa that separation can be made only by its slightly larger pores and different host range.
In young stages plants of P. spissa may be confused with Merulius ravenelii; but the latter differs in the pores, fertile apices of dissepiments, different basidia, and presence of cylindrical projecting paraphysate hyphae. Poria taxicola (Pers.) Bres. is also so similar to P. spissa that separation can be made only by its slightly larger pores and different host range.
TYPE LOCALITY: North Carolina.
UNKNOWN HOSTS. Tasmania, Cascades, Hobart, type collection (herb. Cleland). Victoria, Sherbrooke Forest, Dandenong Ranges.
Hymenophore biennial or perennial, loosely attached, effused forming irregular linear areas 3-7 x 2-5 cm, 2-5 mm thick, obscurely stratose. Hymenial surface even, dull white drying dingy buff, not creviced; margin abrupt, 1-3 mm wide, white, fibrillose, adherent, base almost black. Pores in 2-3 vague layers, round or subangular, 4-5 per mm, 50-150 µm diameter, 1-2 mm deep in each layer, stuffed when old; dissepiments 50-100 µm,thick, equal, at first finely velutinate at apices, becoming even. Context dull white, 0.5-1 mm thick, of densely intertwined hyphae embedding numerous crystals; skeletal hyphae 2.5-3 µm diameter, lumena almost obliterated, sparsely branched, irregularly waved, aseptate ; generative hyphae 2-2.5 µm diameter, walls 0.25 µm thick, branched, septate, with abundant clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 16 µm deep, a close palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate, 8-12 x 3.5-4 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 6-10 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores cylindrical or allantoid, 3-3.5 x 1-1.5 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Tasmania.
HABITAT: Decorticated fallen trunks, associated with a white rot.
Although the type is sterile, the collection from Victoria bears spores as described and matches the type in other features. Identified by the vaguely stratose pores, soft white context, irregular skeletal hyphae with almost capillary lumena, and small allantoid spores. Pores of old layers are stuffed, and sometimes plants are rigid with hyphae cemented with mucilage as in those of P. rata. In the hymenium of the type collection are numbers of fusiform paraphysate hyphae with delicate aeuminate apices; but these are wanting in the Victorian specimen. Bases of plants, which are loosely attached, are fuscous or almost black, a few of the basal hyphae possessing discoloured walls.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cascades, Hobart, Tasmania.
FAGACEAE. Nothofagus fusca: Wellington, Gollans Valley 160 m. LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tawa: Auckland, Huia, 120 m; Moumoukai Valley, Hunua Ranges, 300 m. Wellington, Weraroa, 25 m; Totara Reserve, Pohangina Valley, 60 m. UNKNOWN HOST. South Australia, McLaren Vale. IN KEW HERBARIUM: Only the type collection, ex "W. Aus., Swan River, No. 130".
Hymenophore annual, adherent, fragile, membranous, effused forming irregular areas 3-15 x 1-5 cm, 1-1.5 mm thick, with numerous outlying islands. Hymenial surface isabelline or alutaceous, even, slightly glancing; margin cream, fibrillose, to 3 mm wide, irregular, thinning out, adherent. Pores not in strata, 5-7 per mm, 100-200 µm diameter, to 1.5 mm deep, round or angular, sometimes oblique when linear; dissepiments 50-100 µm thick, equal, even or delicately velutinate. Context cream, 0.2-0.4 mm thick, of densely intertwined hyphae embedding abundant crystals; generative hyphae hyaline, 3-3.5 µm diameter, branched, septate, with clamp connections, walls 0.2 µm thick. Hymenial layer to 20 µm deep, a compact palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia clavate, 6-8 x 4-5 µm bearing 4 spores; sterigmata arcuate, slender, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 4-6 x 3-4 µm Spores obovate or pip-shaped, 5-5.5 x 3-3.5 µm walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Australia, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Bark of fallen branches, associated with a white rot.
Collections agree with the type, differing slightly in surface colour. The species resembles P. mollusca and P. curreyana in the minute pores and obovate or pip-shaped spores. It differs from the former in colour of the hymenial surface and arrangement of context hyphae; and from the latter by the different surface colour, absence of pigment granules, narrow diameter of generative hyphae, and larger spores.
TYPE LOCALITY: Swan River, Western Australia.
PODOCARPACEAE. Podocarpus totara: Auckland, Waipoua Kauri Forest, 230 m; Whitianga-Coromandel Road, 100 m, type collection, P.D.D. herbarium, No. 6657; Moumoukai Valley, Hunua Ranges, 300 m. Dacrydium cupressinum: Otago, Ulva Islet, Stewart Island.
Hymenophore annual, loosely adherent, soft and fragile, effused forming linear areas 7-20 x 7-10 cm, to 1 mm thick. Hymenial surface white, staining yellow where lying upon exposed wood, even, not creviced; margin somewhat indefinite, white, fibrillose, adherent, thinning out, fertile to the edge. Pores labyrinthiform, 0.3-3 mm long, a few round when 100-200 µm diameter, to 0.5 mm deep; dissepiments 50-300 µm thick, equal, apices finely velutinate. Context white, 20-140 µm thick, of loosely intertwined hyphae; binding hyphae 3-3.5 µm diameter, walls 1 µm thick or lumena almost capillary, freely branched, aseptate; generative hyphae 2.5-3 µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm thick, branched, septate, with scanty clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 15 µm deep, a close palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate, 8-12 x 3-4 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata slender, erect, to 4 µm long, paraphyses subclavate, 6-10 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores oval, subglobose, or globose, 2-2.5 x 2 µm walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.
HABITAT: Decayed decorticated fallen trunks, associated with a white rot.
From other dimitic species present in the region the species is separated by the labyrinthiform pores, minute globose spores, and delicate fragile white hymenophore which stains yellow where in contact with the substratum. The name is taken from the Maori name of one host.
TYPE LOCALITY: Auckland.
COMPOSITAE. Brachyglottis repanda: Auckland, Waiomu Valley, Thames, 70 m. CORNACEAE. Griselinia lucida: Wellington, Mt. Tongariro, 1,100m. CORYNOCARPACEAE. Corynocarpus laevigatus: Auckland, Woods Bay, Titirangi. CUNONIACEAE. Weinmannia racemosa: Auckland, Mamaku Forest, 600 m. Otago, Doubtful Sound. FAGACEAE. Nothofagus menziesii: Auckland, Mamaku Forest, 600 m. Otago, Woodlaw State Forest, 220 m. LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tawa: Auckland, Kohukohunui Ridge, Hunua Ranges, 300 m; Mamaku Forest, 600 m. MYRTACEAE. Metrosideros robusta: Auckland, Ngaiotonga Ranges, Bay of Islands, 270 m; Moumoukai Valley, Hunua Ranges, 300 m. Taranaki, Mt. Egmont, 770 m. PODOCARPACEAE. Dacrydium cupressinum: Auckland, Cascade Kauri Park, Waitakere Ranges, 250 m. Otago, Ulva Islet, Stewart Island.UNKNOWN HOSTS. Auckland. Mangatawhiri Ridge, Hunua Ranges, 300 m; Whitianga-Coromandel Road, 70 m. Wellington, Tokomaru River, Tararua Ranges, 200 m. New South Wales, Sydney. Tasmania, National Park. IN KEW HERBARIUM: Only one collection is from the region, ex "Q., Daintree River", filed under Poria hyposclera.
Hymenophore perennial, adherent, ceraceous, firm and cartilaginous when dry, sometimes stratose, effused forming linear areas 3-6 x 1-2 cm, 1-6 mm thick. Hymenial surface white, cream or flesh colour, becoming wood colour or smoky brown when dry, not creviced, even or undulate; margin white, floccose, crenate, thinning out and receding in perennial plants, lifting when dry and becoming inturned exposing the ventral surface which is vaguely zoned, somewhat polished and bay brown. Pores stratose or not, 6-9 per mm, 60-150 µm diameter, to 2 mm deep in each layer; dissepiments about 50 µm thick, but reaching 150 µm, equal or slightly tapering, margins tufted. Context dingy white, wood colour when old, 0.3-1 mm thick, of densely intertwined hyphae almost sclerotiold and embedded in mucilage; generative hyphae 4-6 µm diameter, walls 0.25 µm thick in the context, to 1.5 µm in the dissepiments, branched, septate, with small rare clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 20 µm deep, a loose palisade of basidia, paraphyses, and paraphysate hyphae. Basidia clavate, subclavate, or elliptical, 10-14 x 5-6 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata arcuate, to 5 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate or cylindrical, 8-12 x 4-5 µm. Paraphysate hyphae filiform with slightly inflated or acute apices, to 30 µm long. Spores globose, rarely subglobose, 3.5-5 µm diameter, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.2 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Europe, North America, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Decayed decorticated fallen branches or bark of fallen branches, associated with a pocket rot.
Among species with a monomitic hyphal system the species may be recognised by the usually stratose hymenophore which when dry is firm and cartilaginous, minute pores, thin dissepiments, and globose small spores. Hyphae of the context are densely intertwined, almost sclerotioid, and firmly embedded in mucilage. The margin lifts when dry and becomes inturned, exposing the ventral surface which is striated and often polished, simulating a pileus and leading many workers to consider the species as a "Polyporus" or "Polystictus". Clamp connections are present, but as they are rare and usually confined to the subhymenium, many authors have stated that they are absent.
The accepted name for the species in Europe is Poria undata, since the undulate surface of typical specimens was shown by Persoon in his original figure. Donk placed the species under Podoporia with the specific name P. vitrea (Fr.) Donk; but, as Bresadola showed (1903, p. 78), Polyporus vitreits Fr. as a name for the species is untenable.
The accepted name for the species in Europe is Poria undata, since the undulate surface of typical specimens was shown by Persoon in his original figure. Donk placed the species under Podoporia with the specific name P. vitrea (Fr.) Donk; but, as Bresadola showed (1903, p. 78), Polyporus vitreits Fr. as a name for the species is untenable.
TYPE LOCALITY: Europe.
ELAEOCARPACEAE. Elaeocarpus dentatus: Auckland, Waikaretu, 120 m. LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tawa: Auckland, Kawau Island, 10 m. MELIACEAE. Dysoxylum spectabile: Auckland, Whitianga-Coromandel Road, 70 m. PROTEACEAE. Knightia excelsa: Auckland, Waikaretu, 120 m. UNKNOWN HOST. South Australia, Blackfellows Creek.
Hymenophore annual, adherent, membranous, effused forming linear areas 6-10 x 2-3 cm, 1-3 mm thick. Hymenial surface white, pallid cream, or wood colour, irregular, appearing irpiciform, not creviced; margin thinning out, a delicate white zone 2-5 mm wide when young, sometimes fertile to the edge, fibrillose, irregular, sometimes with white rhizomorphs. Pores not in strata, irregular in size and shape, often oblique, 1-2 per mm in young plants, 0.5-1.5 mm diameter in old, to 0.8 mm deep; dissepiments 50-150 µm thick, tapering, toothed. Context white, 50-200 µm thick, of intertwined hyphae embedding crystals; generative hyphae 3.5-4 µm diameter, walls 0.25 µm thick, branched, septate, without clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 30 µm deep, a close palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate, 14-22 x 4-7 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 4 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 10-16 x 4-5 µm. Spores narrowly elliptical, or obliquely apiculate, 5-7 x 3-4 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Decorticated fallen trunks, branches and worked timber, associated with a white rot.
Specific features are the monomitic hyphal system without clamp connections on the generative hyphae, large-diameter, often irpiciform pores, and elliptical spores. Plants resemble closely in macrofeatures collections of P. vaporaria from Sweden. The latter differs in its dimitic hyphal system, presence of clamp connections on the generative hyphae, and allantoid spores 4 x 1.5 µm. Specimens agree with European collections of the species in Kew herbarium, differing mainly in that rhizomorphs are not so well developed and in one collection are wanting. Australian records of the presence of P. vaporaria were based on specimens of P. versipora, judged from collections examined in Kew herbarium. The former has not been found in this botanical region.
TYPE LOCALITY: Europe.
ARAUCARIACEAE. Agathis australis: Auckland, Waipoua Kauri Forest. FAGACEAE. Nothofagus fusca: Nelson, Golden Downs, 350 m. CUPRESSACEAE. Pseudotsuga douglasii: Auckland, Mt. Eden, 120 m; Rangitoto Island; Rotorua, 450 m. South Australia, Beaumont, Adelaide. PINACEAE. Pinus radiata: Auckland, Waipu; Whangarei; Oratia. Larix europaeus: Auckland, Mt. Albert, 50 m; Rotorua, 400 m. PODOCARPACEAE. Dacrydium cupressinum: Auckland, Epsom Show Grounds pavilion.
Hymenophore annual or perennial when stratose, adherent, ceraceous, brittle, effused forming linear areas 5-12 x 3-5 cm, 1-3 mm thick. Hymenial surface even, pallid cream, or sulphur yellow, when dry creviced, sometimes nodulose; margin irregular; lighter in colour, 2 mm or less wide, adherent, thinning out, fibrillose. Pores in strata, or not, round or angular, 5-6 per mm, 120-200 µm diameter, to 1.5 mm deep in each layer, dissepiments 200-275 µm thick, even, equal. Context pallid cream, 200-350 µm thick, of intertwined hyphae embedding crystals; skeletal hyphae 3.5-4 µm diameter, walls to 1.5 µm thick, aseptate, sparsely branched; generative hyphae 1.5-2 µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm thick, branched, septate, with abundant clamp connections, frequently encrusted with mucilage granules. Hymenial layer to 25 µm deep, a dense palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate or cylindrical, 10-14 x 3.5-4 µm bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 4 µm, long. Paraphyses subclavate or cylindrical, sometimes obovate, 8-12 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores allantoid, 3.5-4.5 x 1-1.5 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
DISTRIBUTION: Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Bark or decorticated wood of standing stumps, trunks, and worked timber, associated with a brown rot.
Specific features are the sulphur colour of the fragile hymenophore, moderate size of pores, thick dissepiments, allantoid spores, and usually one layer of pores. In two collections growing vertically on stumps, pores are stratose and arranged in small knobs as if plants were pileate. This condition has been named P. xantha forma pachymeres J. Eriksson (1949, p. 22). The species causes a destructive decay of building timbers, wood used in boat construction, and the like. Lowe (1958, p. 104) listed as additional synonyms P. greschkii Bres. and P. sulphurella (Peck) Sacc.
TYPE LOCALITY: Europe.
ARALIACEAE. Schefflera digitata: Auckland, Ngaiotonga Ranges, Bay of Islands, 250 m; Waitakere Ranges, 300 m. COMPOSITAE. Brachyglottis repanda: Auckland, Kauaeranga Valley, Thames, 60 m. Olearia rani: Auckland, Upper Piha Valley, 250 m. CORNACEAE. Griselinia lucida: Otago, Black Gully, Blue Mountains. CUPRESSACEAE. Libocedrus bidwillii: Auckland, Mamaku Forest, 600 m; LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tawa: Auckland, Lake Rotoehu, 450 m. MONI-MIACEAE. Hedycarya arborea: Auckland, Waiotapu, 600 m. MYRTACEAE. Leptospermum ericoides: Wellington, Lake Papaitonga, 20 m. PODOCARPACEAE. Dacrydium cupressinum: Auckland, Cascade Kauri Park, 200 m; Mountain Road, Henderson Valley, 120 m. Otago, Niagara, Catlins; Ulva Islet, Stewart Island. Phyllocladus trichomanoides: Wellington, Mt. Tongariro, 850 m. Podocarpus spicatus: Auckland, Te Whaiti, 500 m. Podocarpus totara: Auckland, Whitianga-Coromandel Road, 100 m. VIOLACEAE. Melicytus ramiflorus: Auckland, Whangarei, 120 m. UNKNOWN HOSTS. Wellington, Mangahao Dam, Tararua Ranges, 700 m. Tasmania, Cascades, Hobart.
IN KEW HERBARIUM: Only the type collection, ex "N.Z., Dannevirke, Colenso, b 522".
Hymenophore annual, solitary, hard and woody, laterally attached by a broad base, sometimes dimidiate and imbricate. Pilei triquetous or flabelliform, 2-4 cm wide, 1.5-2.5 cm radius, 5-8 mm thick; pileus surface dingy grey or black, densely clothed with coarse imbricated strigose tufts of hyphae radiately arranged, with walls fuscous and bearing granules of mucilage, obscurely sulcate; without a cortex; margin bluntly acuminate, lacerate, inturned; hymenial surface wood colour or smoky brown, irregular. Pores irregular, wood colour in section, angular, 4-6 per mm, 100-200 µm. diameter, to 5 mm deep; dissepiments 50-150 µm thick, tapering, apices strongly toothed. Context white or cream, 2-5 mm thick, firm and woody, of parallel hyphae radiately arranged and aggregated at intervals into compact bands; generative hyphae 5-7 µm diameter, 3-4 µm in dissepiments, walls 0.5-1.5 µm thick, sparsely branched, septate, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 18 µm deep, a dense palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate, 10-12 x 3.5-4 µm, bearing 2-4 spores; sterigmata erect, slender, to 3 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate or subcylindrical, 6-10 x 3-3.5 µm. Spores allantoid, 4-5.5 x 1.5-2 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
New Zealand, Tasmania.
Solitary or occasionally imbricate on bark or decorticated dead branches and trunks, associated with a brown cubical rot.
Specific features are the coarsely imbricated strigose black hairs clothing the pileus surface, small pores, and allantoid spores. The species is close to T. setiger, differing mainly in the smaller pores and different type of surface hairs. Lloyd (1922b, µm. 1147) recorded the species from Tasmania, but as he described spores as being elliptical, 6 x 5 µm, it is probable he had at hand a specimen of T. pelliculosus, which it resembles in surface features.
LOCALITY: Dannevirke, Hawke's Bay.
ARAUCARIACEAE. Agathis australis: Auckland, Waipoua Kauri Forest, 160 m; Puketi Forest, Bay of Islands; Parahaki, Whangarei, 140 m; Upper Piha Valley, 300 m; Anawhata Road, Waitakere Ranges, 300 m; Karekare, 120 m; Spragues Hill, Henderson Valley, 120 m; Otau, Hunua Ranges, 300 m. FAGACEAE. Nothofagus menziesii: Auckland, Lake Waikareiti Track, 930 m. PODOCARPACEAE. Dacrydium cupressinum: Wellington, Lake Papaitonga, 20 m. Westland, Hokitika Gorge. Phyllocladus trichomanoides: Auckland, Parahaki, Whangarei, 210 m. Podocarpus spicatus: Auckland, Waipoua Kauri Forest, 200 m; Te Whaiti, 600 m. UNKNOWN HOSTS. Auckland, Huia, 200 m. Wellington, Ohakune Track, Mt. Ruapehu, 750 m. New South Wales, Mt. Wilson (Lloyd 158 as Polyporus anebus). Victoria, Hawthorn; Mt. St Leonards; Wallaby Creek.
IN. KEW HERBARIUM: Collections are "N.Z., Colenso, b 13" type collection, filed under Polystictus exigis; "N.Z., Colenso, b 524" filed by Cooke under Polystictus sector; "N.Z., Colenso" filed under Polystictus drummondii; and "Vic., Gippsland, Webb" which Cooke placed under Polyporus fragilis; "N.Z., Wellington, T. Kirk, No. 31", under P. stipitarius.
Hymenophore annual, solitary or in crowded groups, coriaceous, attached by a small lateral base to 5 x 1 mm. Pilei simple or compound, flabelliform, 2-15 mm wide, 5-15 mm radius, 0.5-1 mm thick; pileus surface white, drying ochre, fawn, chestnut, or umber, concolorous, markedly radiate-striate, even, polished or finely velutinate in depressions; without a cortex; margin acute, revolute, crenate and toothed; hymenial surface grey or cinnamon, even, sterile border to 1 mm wide. Pores alutaceous in section, irregular in size and shape, angular, seldom round, 4-6 per mm, 50-150 µm diameter, to 1 mm deep; dissepiments 75-150 µm thick, most about 100 µm, equal, apices finely velutinate. Context alutaceous or isabelline, 0.2-0.6 mm thick, of radiately arranged parallel hyphae; generative hyphae 5-6 µm, diameter, walls 2 µm, thick, sparsely branched, septate, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 16 µm deep, a dense palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate, 12-15 x 3-4 µm bearing 2-4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 3 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 8-12 x 2-2 .5 µm. Spores oblong, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 3-4.5 . 2-2.5 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm.
New Zealand, Australia.
Decorticated decayed logs mainly of conifers lying upon the forest floor, often among mosses and on burnt wood.
Recognised by the small flabelliform pilei attached by small lateral stem-like bases, white surface when fresh drying from dingy white through tan or chestnut to umber, moderately sized irregular pores, small elliptical spores, and generative hyphae radiately arranged. Plants commonly grow upon sides or surfaces of fallen decayed logs, upright stems and not infrequently on charred wood, often among mosses. They may range in length from 2 to 15 mm. In a few specimens they are pezizaeform and attached by a narrow vertex, then resembling Tyromyces catervatus. From the latter these forms may be separated by the entire dissepiments and elliptical spores. The type collection was sent to Kew herbarium by Colenso and by Cooke named Polyporus exiguis, and this name was published by Colenso as - "P. exiguis sp. nov. A small semistipitate flabellate whitish fungus, of horizontal growth, among mosses, on the bark of old trees near their bases: wet woods ... near Norsewood, 1883, W.C." Two years later it was more formally described by Cooke under the name Polystictus exiguis Cke. If Colenso's description is regarded as valid, for the period, then the species may be cited as Tyromyces exiguis (Col.); if not, then it should be T. exiguis (Cke.) and the place of publication of the combination, this volume.
LOCALITY: Norsewood, Hawke's Bay.
FAGACEAE. Nothofagus fusca: Otago, Routeburn Valley, Lake Wakatipu, 470 m. Nothofagus menziesii: Nelson, Huia River, 300 m. Otago, Black Gully, Blue Mountains; Alton Valley, Tuatapere.
Collections from which the description has been drawn match the type collection in Kew herbarium ex "Grey River, N.Z.". It and "N.Z., Colenso, b698", filed by Cooke under Polyporus leprodes, are the only specimens in Kew herbarium
Hymenophore annual, solitary, firm and woody, laterally attached by a brief stem-like base. Pilei reniform, 2-5.5 cm wide, 2-4 cm radius, 2-4 mm thick; pileus surface ochraceous, darkening to reddish-brown peripherally, polished and glabrous; without a cortex; margin acute, entire, even; hymenial surface dark reddish-brown, even, with a lighter sterile border 1-2 mm wide. Pores ferruginous in section, 3-4 per mm, 200-350 µm diameter, 1-2 mm deep; dissepiments 100-350 µm thick, equal or with apices thickened, even. Context straw or clay colour, to 2 mm thick, of densely intertwined hyphae; binding hyphae 5-8 µm diameter, bovista type, freely branched, branches tapering, aseptate, lumena almost capillary; generative hyphae 3-4 µm diameter, walls 0.2 µm thick, branched, septate, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 18 µm deep, a dense palisade of basidia and paraphyses, soon collapsing. Basidia clavate, 12-20 x 6-8 µm, bearing 4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 3 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 10-16 x 5-6 µm. Spores narrowly elliptical, obliquely apiculate, 7-10 x 2.5-3 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.1 µm thick.
New Zealand.
Bark of dead standing trunks, type of rot not seen.
Specific features are the glabrous and polished ochraceous surface, reddish-brown hymenial layer, bovista-type binding hyphae, large pores thickened at apices, thick dissepiments, and moderately large elliptical spores. The species is close to Tyromyces fusco-lineatus, the latter differing in the larger spores, differently shaped pileus, and the different hymenial surface.
LOCALITY: Grey River, Westland.
ARALIACEAE. Neopanax arboreum: Auckland, Swanson, Waitakere Ranges, type collection, P.D.D. herbarium, No. 4435. Schefflera digitata: Auckland, Ngaiotonga Ranges, Bay of Islands, 250 m. FAGACEAE. Nothofagus fusca: Nelson, Murchison, 170 m. Nothofagus menziesii: Otago, Doubtful Sound, 120 m. LAURACEAE. Beilschmiedia tarairi: Auckland, Puketi Forest, Bay of Islands, 120 m. LILIACEAE. Rhipogonum scandens: Auckland, Kaimai Ranges, 500 m. MYRTACEAE.
Hymenophore annual, sometimes biennial, coriaceous, solitary, attached by a broad base. Pilei effused-reflexed, narrow reflexed margins arising from broadly resupinate areas, sometimes solitary when applanate or conchate, or as often resupinate, 5-25 mm wide, 5-15 mm radius, 2-7 mm thick, when resupinate ovate or linear, to 25 x 3.5 cm; pileus surface white, drying straw colour, vaguely transversely sulcate, even or slightly nodose, glabrous; without a cortex; margin abrupt, inturned, concolorous, crenate; hymenial surface cream or straw colour, even, with a more pallid margin 1-2 mm wide. Pores in section straw colour, round or angular, 4-6 per mm, 100-250 µm diameter, 1-4 mm deep; dissepiments 50-100 µm thick, equal, apices even. Context cream or straw colour, 0 - 2-1 mm thick, of densely intertwined hyphae ; binding hyphae to 3.5 µm diameter, walls to 1 µm thick, bovista type, branches tapering, aseptate; generative hyphae to 2 µm diameter, walls 0.1 µm thick, branched, septate, with clamp connections. Hymenial layer to 15 µm deep, a close palisade of basidia and paraphyses, soon collapsing. Basidia clavate, 10-12 x 5-6 µm, bearing 2-4 spores; sterigmata erect, to 5 µm long. Paraphyses subclavate, 8-10 x 4-5 µm. Spores broadly elliptical, oblong, obovate, ovate, or angular, apiculate, 5-6 x 3.5-4 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.5 µm thick, staining deeply with aniline blue, nonamyloid.
New Zealand, Australia.
Bark or decorticated wood of fallen branches, associated with a soft white rot.
LOCALITY: Waitakere Ranges, Auckland.
Cited scientific names
- Agathis australis (D.Don) Lindl.
- Antrodiella Ryvarden & I. Johans. 1980
- Aristotelia serrata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) W.R.B.Oliv.
- Beilschmiedia tarairi (A.Cunn.) Kirk
- Beilschmiedia tawa (A.Cunn.) Kirk
- Bondarzewia berkeleyi (Fr.) Bondartsev & Singer 1941
- Brachyglottis repanda J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
- Carpodetus serratus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
- Castanea sativa Mill.
- Chaetoporus euporus (P. Karst.) Bondartsev & Singer 1941
- Chaetoporus euporus sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Chaetoporus novae-zelandiae (G. Cunn.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Chaetoporus radula sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Coltricia aureofulva (Lloyd) G. Cunn. 1948
- Coltricia cartilaginea G. Cunn. 1965
- Coltricia corrosa (Murrill) G. Cunn. 1965
- Coltricia dependens (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) G. Cunn. 1948
- Coltricia dependens (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Imazeki 1943
- Coltricia laeta (Cooke) G. Cunn. 1948
- Coltricia oblectans (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1948
- Coltricia perennis (L.) Murrill 1903
- Coltricia salpincta (Cooke) G. Cunn. 1948
- Coltricia schweinitzii sensu G. Cunn. 1948
- Coltricia strigosa G. Cunn. 1948
- Coprosma arborea Kirk
- Coprosma grandifolia Hook.f.
- Coprosma macrocarpa Cheeseman
- Coprosma rhamnoides A.Cunn.
- Coprosma robusta Raoul
- Cordyline australis (G.Forst.) Endl.
- Coriaria arborea Linds.
- Corticium permodicum sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Corticium radiosum (Fr.) Fr. 1838
- Corynocarpus laevigatus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
- Cupressus macrocarpa Gordon
- Cyclomyces tabacinus (Mont.) Pat. 1900
- Dacrycarpus dacrydioides (A.Rich.) de Laub.
- Dacrydium cupressinum Lamb.
- Daedalea beckleri (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Daedalea betulina (L.) Rebent. 1804
- Dendrochaete G. Cunn. 1965
- Dendrochaete russiceps (Berk. & Broome) G. Cunn. 1965
- Dendrochaete vallata G. Cunn. 1965
- Dictyopanus pusillus (Pers. ex Lév.) Singer 1945
- Dictyopanus rhipidium (Berk.) Pat. 1900
- Dysoxylum spectabile (G.Forst.) Hook.f.
- Elaeagnus ×reflexa Morren & Decne.
- Elfvingia applanata sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Elfvingia australis (Fr.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Elfvingia mastopora sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Eucalyptus globulus Labill. subsp. globulus
- Favolaschia intestinalis sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Flabellophora G. Cunn. 1965
- Flaviporus aroha (G. Cunn.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Fomes applanatus sensu W.R.B. Oliv. 1912 [1911]
- Fomes australis (Fr.) Cooke 1885
- Fomes awhitu G. Cunn. 1948
- Fomes badius sensu G. Cunn. 1948
- Fomes brownii (Murrill) Sacc. & Trotter 1925
- Fomes endozonus sensu G. Cunn. 1948
- Fomes haeuslerianus Henn. 1896
- Fomes hemitephrus (Berk.) Cooke 1885
- Fomes mastoporus f. rugosus G. Cunn. 1948
- Fomes nigrolimitatus sensu G. Cunn. 1948
- Fomes uncatus G. Cunn. 1948
- Fomes zealandicus (Cooke) Cooke 1885
- Fomitopsis annosa sensu G. Cunn. 1948
- Fomitopsis hemitephra (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1948
- Fomitopsis scutellata (Schwein.) Bondartsev & Singer 1941
- Fomitopsis tasmanica (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1949
- Fuchsia excorticata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) L.f.
- Fuscoporia carteri (Berk. ex Cooke) G. Cunn. 1948
- Fuscoporia carteri sensu G. Cunn. 1948
- Fuscoporia contigua (Pers.) G. Cunn. 1948
- Fuscoporia cryptacantha (Mont.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Fuscoporia cryptacantha sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Fuscoporia dryophila (Murrill) G. Cunn. 1948
- Fuscoporia kamahi G. Cunn. 1965
- Fuscoporia laevigata (P. Karst.) G. Cunn. 1948
- Fuscoporia nothofagi G. Cunn. 1965
- Fuscoporia punctata (P. Karst.) G. Cunn. 1948
- Fuscoporia umbrinella (Bres.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Fuscoporia viticola sensu G. Cunn. 1948
- Ganoderma applanatum sensu Wakef. 1915
- Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat. 1889
- Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.) Murrill 1908
- Gloeophyllum trabeum sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Gloeoporus adustus (Willd.) Pilát 1937
- Gloeoporus amorphus (Fr.) Killerm. 1928
- Gloeoporus crispus (Pers.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Gloeoporus dichrous (Fr.) Bres. 1912
- Gloeoporus phlebophorus (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Gloeoporus thelephoroides (Hook.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Gloeoporus thelephoroides sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Grifola berkeleyi (Fr.) Murrill 1904
- Grifola campyla (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Grifola campyla sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Grifola colensoi (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Grifola rosularis (G. Cunn.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Grifola rosularis sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Grifola rosulata (G. Cunn.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Griselinia lucida G.Forst.
- Hedycarya arborea J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
- Heterobasidion annosum sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Heterobasidion araucariae P.K. Buchanan 1988
- Heterobasidion clelandii (Lloyd) G. Cunn. 1965
- Heterobasidion hemitephrum (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Heterobasidion ochroleucum (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Heterobasidion tasmanicum (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Hoheria populnea A.Cunn.
- Inonotus glomeratus sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Inonotus hispidans G. Cunn. 1965
- Inonotus lloydii (Cleland) P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden 1993
- Inonotus nothofagi G. Cunn. 1948
- Inonotus rheades sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Inonotus tabacinus (Mont.) G. Cunn. 1948
- Irpex archeri Berk. 1859 [1860]
- Irpex brevis Berk. 1855
- Irpex spiculifer G. Cunn. 1965
- Irpex zonatus Berk. 1854
- Ischnoderma rosulatum (G. Cunn.) P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden 1988
- Ixerba brexioides A.Cunn.
- Juglans regia L.
- Knightia excelsa R.Br.
- Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. 1983
- Laetiporus portentosus (Berk.) Rajchenb. 1995
- Laricifomes concavus (Cooke) G. Cunn. 1965
- Laricifomes maire G. Cunn. 1965
- Laurelia novae-zelandiae A.Cunn.
- Lenzites repandus (Pers.) Fr. 1838
- Leptospermum scoparium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
- Libocedrus bidwillii Hook.f.
- Malus ×domestica Borkh.
- Melicope ternata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
- Melicytus ramiflorus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
- Meryta sinclairii (Hook.f.) Seem.
- Metrosideros excelsa Gaertn.
- Metrosideros robusta A.Cunn.
- Metuloidea G. Cunn. 1965
- Metuloidea tawa (G. Cunn.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Myrsine australis (A.Rich.) Allan
- Nestegis lanceolata (Hook.f.) L.A.S.Johnson
- Nothofagus
- Nothofagus fusca (Hook.f.) Oerst.
- Nothofagus menziesii (Hook.f.) Oerst.
- Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook.f.) Poole
- Nothofagus truncata (Colenso) Cockayne
- Olearia ilicifolia Hook.f.
- Osmoporus carteri (Berk. ex Sacc.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Osmoporus decipiens (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Osmoporus durus (Jungh.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Osmoporus floccosus (Jungh.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Osmoporus gunnii (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Osmoporus latus (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Osmoporus proteus (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Osmoporus proteus sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Ozothamnus leptophyllus (G.Forst.) Breit. & J.M.Ward
- Paraserianthes lophantha (Willd.) I.C.Nielsen
- Phaeolus schweinitzii sensu Hood 1986
- Phellinus badius (Cooke) G. Cunn. 1965
- Phellinus conchatus sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Phellinus endapalus (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Phellinus ferreus (Pers.) Bourdot & Galzin 1928 [1927]
- Phellinus ferruginosus (Schrad.) Bourdot & Galzin 1928 [1927]
- Phellinus ferruginosus (Schrad.) Pat. 1900
- Phellinus gilvus (Schwein.) Pat. 1900
- Phellinus inermis (Ellis & Everh.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Phellinus lloydii (Cleland) G. Cunn. 1965
- Phellinus melanoporus (Mont.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Phellinus nilgheriensis (Mont.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Phellinus noxius (Corner) G. Cunn. 1965
- Phellinus pachyphloeus sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Phellinus pectinatus (Klotzsch) Quél. 1886
- Phellinus robustus (P. Karst.) Bourdot & Galzin 1925
- Phellinus scruposus (Fr.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Phellinus scruposus (Fr.) Pat. 1903
- Phellinus senex (Nees & Mont.) Imazeki 1952
- Phellinus setulosus sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Phellinus tawhai (G. Cunn.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Phellinus wahlbergii (Fr.) D.A. Reid 1975
- Phellinus zealandicus (Cooke) G. Cunn. 1965
- Phellinus zealandicus (Cooke) Teng 1963
- Pinus radiata D.Don
- Piptoporus cretaceus (Lloyd) G. Cunn. 1965
- Piptoporus portentosus (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Pittosporum crassifolium A.Cunn.
- Pittosporum tenuifolium Gaertn.
- Podocarpus hallii Kirk
- Podocarpus totara D.Don
- Polyporus adustus (Willd.) Fr. 1821
- Polyporus annulatus Jungh. 1838
- Polyporus arcularius (Batsch) Fr. 1821
- Polyporus australis Fr. 1828
- Polyporus caesius (Schrad.) Fr. 1821
- Polyporus caesius sensu G. Cunn. 1948
- Polyporus cinnamomeosquamulosus Henn. 1901
- Polyporus citreus Berk. 1872 [1873]
- Polyporus colensoi Berk. 1855
- Polyporus conchoides sensu G. Cunn. 1948
- Polyporus dichrous Fr. 1815
- Polyporus dictyopus Mont. 1835
- Polyporus diffissus Berk. 1855
- Polyporus igniarius sensu Berk. 1855
- Polyporus infernalis Berk. 1843
- Polyporus isidioides Berk. 1843
- Polyporus melanopus (Pers.) Fr. 1821
- Polyporus oblectans Berk. 1845
- Polyporus phlebophorus Berk. 1855
- Polyporus plebeius var. β Berk. 1855
- Polyporus pocula (Schwein.) Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1860 [1858]
- Polyporus salicinus (Pers.) Fr. 1821
- Polyporus salicinus sensu Berk. 1855
- Polyporus scruposus Fr. 1838
- Polyporus tabacinus Mont. 1835
- Polyporus xerophyllus Berk. 1855
- Poria adiposa sensu G. Cunn. 1947
- Poria albolutescens sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Poria albolutescens sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Poria byssina sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Poria candidissima (Schwein.) Cooke 1886
- Poria carneolutea Rodway & Cleland 1930 [1929]
- Poria coprosmae G. Cunn. 1947
- Poria curreyana sensu G. Cunn. 1947
- Poria flavicans (P. Karst.) Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899
- Poria flavicans sensu G. Cunn. 1947
- Poria hunua G. Cunn. 1947
- Poria hyalina sensu Colenso 1891 [1890]
- Poria illudens sensu G. Cunn. 1947
- Poria lenis (P. Karst.) Sacc. 1888
- Poria manuka G. Cunn. 1947
- Poria mollusca (Pers.) Cooke 1886
- Poria mucida Pers. 1796
- Poria mutans Peck
- Poria nothofagi G. Cunn. 1965
- Poria otakou G. Cunn. 1947
- Poria papyracea Cooke 1886
- Poria rhodella (Fr.) Cooke 1897
- Poria spissa (Schwein.) Cooke 1886
- Poria subcrassa sensu G. Cunn. 1947
- Poria tarda (Berk.) Cooke 1886
- Poria tenuis sensu G. Cunn. 1947
- Poria totara G. Cunn. 1965
- Poria undata (Pers.) Quél. 1888
- Poria undata sensu G. Cunn. 1947
- Poria vaillantii (DC.) Cooke 1886
- Poria versipora (Pers.) Lloyd 1910
- Poria xantha (Fr.) Cooke 1886
- Postia brunnea Rajchenb. & P.K. Buchanan 1996
- Postia guttulata (Peck ex Sacc.) Jülich 1982
- Prumnopitys taxifolia (D.Don) de Laub.
- Prunus armeniaca L.
- Prunus avium L.
- Prunus persica (L.) Batsch
- Prunus salicina Lindl.
- Pseudopanax arboreus (Murray) Philipson
- Pseudopanax crassifolius (A.Cunn.) K.Koch
- Pycnoporus coccineus (Fr.) Bondartsev & Singer 1941
- Pyrus communis L.
- Quercus robur L.
- Racosperma dealbatum (Link) Pedley
- Rigidoporus aureofulvus (Lloyd) P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden 1988
- Rigidoporus concrescens (Mont.) Rajchenb. 1992
- Rigidoporus vinctus (Berk.) Ryvarden 1972
- Ryvardenia campyla (Berk.) Rajchenb. 1994
- Salix babylonica L.
- Salix fragilis L.
- Stereum lobatum (Kunze) Fr. 1838
- Syringa vulgaris L. 1753
- Trametes azurea (Fr.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Trametes cinnabarina sensu Wakef. 1915
- Trametes gibbosa sensu G. Cunn. 1948
- Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen) Pilát 1939
- Trametes scabrosa (Pers.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Trametes scobinacea G. Cunn. 1965
- Trametes scutellata (Schwein.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Trametes velutina (Pers.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd 1921
- Trametes versicolor (L.) Pilát 1939
- Trametes zonata sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Trichaptum pergamenum (Fr.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Trichaptum rhinocephalum (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Trichaptum venustum (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Trichaptum venustum sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Trichaptum versatile (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces albidus sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces atrostrigosus (Cooke) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces catervatus (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces catervatus sensu G.Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces chioneus sensu G. Cunn.
- Tyromyces citreus (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces exiguus (Colenso) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces falcatus G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces fuscolineatus (Berk. & Broome) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces fuscolineatus sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces guttulatus sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces hypomelanus (Berk. ex Cooke) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces lacteus (Fr.) Murrill 1907
- Tyromyces merulinus (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces mollis sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces oviformis (G. Cunn.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces pelliculosus (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces pulcherrimus (Rodway) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces pusillus (Fr.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces pusillus sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces semisupinus sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces sepium (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces sepium sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces setiger (Cooke) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces spathulatus sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces spatulatus (Jungh.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces stramenticus G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces tephroleucus sensu G. Cunn.
- Tyromyces toatoa G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces udus (Jungh.) G. Cunn. 1965
- Tyromyces udus sensu G. Cunn. 1965
- Ulex europaeus L.
- Vitex lucens Kirk
- Weinmannia racemosa L.f.
Metadata
1cb0e308-36b9-11d5-9548-00d0592d548c
reference
Names_Fungi
3 April 2001
