Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray 1821
Details
Nomenclature
Classification
Subordinates
- Cortinarius alboaggregatus
- Cortinarius alboserrulatus
- Cortinarius araniiti
- Cortinarius argenteopileatus
- Cortinarius armiae
- Cortinarius artosus
- Cortinarius atrolazulinus
- Cortinarius aurantiellus
- Cortinarius australiensis
- Cortinarius australis
- Cortinarius austroalbidus
- Cortinarius austrocyanites
- Cortinarius austrovaginatus
- Cortinarius badiohepaticus
- Cortinarius balteatus
- Cortinarius bellus
- Cortinarius bicolor
- Cortinarius campbelliae
- Cortinarius canarius
- Cortinarius canarius
- Cortinarius carbonellus
- Cortinarius caryotis
- Cortinarius caryotoides
- Cortinarius castaneiceps
- Cortinarius castanellus
- Cortinarius castoreus
- Cortinarius castoreus
- Cortinarius cavipes
- Cortinarius chalybeus
- Cortinarius chlorophyllus
- Cortinarius chrysoconius
- Cortinarius collocandoides
- Cortinarius collybianus
- Cortinarius coneae
- Cortinarius controversus
- Cortinarius cremeolinus
- Cortinarius cremeorufus
- Cortinarius cretax
- Cortinarius crypticus
- Cortinarius cunninghamii
- Cortinarius cupreonatus
- Cortinarius decumbens
- Cortinarius deminutus
- Cortinarius dulcamarus
- Cortinarius dulciorum
- Cortinarius erugatus
- Cortinarius eucollybianus
- Cortinarius eutactus
- Cortinarius exlavatus
- Cortinarius exlugubris
- Cortinarius fiordlandensis
- Cortinarius flavidulus
- Cortinarius fuscotinctus
- Cortinarius fusipes
- Cortinarius gamundiae
- Cortinarius gemmeus
- Cortinarius gymnopiloides
- Cortinarius hebelomaticus
- Cortinarius hochstetteri
- Cortinarius ionomataius
- Cortinarius iringa
- Cortinarius ixomolynus
- Cortinarius kaimanawa
- Cortinarius kula
- Cortinarius lamproxanthus
- Cortinarius laquellus
- Cortinarius largus
- Cortinarius lavendulensis
- Cortinarius levisporus
- Cortinarius lilacinus
- Cortinarius luteobrunneus
- Cortinarius malosinae
- Cortinarius mariae
- Cortinarius medioscaurus
- Cortinarius melleomitis
- Cortinarius melliolens
- Cortinarius memoria-annae
- Cortinarius minorisporus
- Cortinarius minoscaurus
- Cortinarius mysoides
- Cortinarius myxenosma
- Cortinarius sect. Myxotelamonia
- Cortinarius naphthalinus
- Cortinarius napivelatus
- Cortinarius necessarius
- Cortinarius nivalis
- Cortinarius oblongisporus
- Cortinarius oleosus
- Cortinarius olivaceus
- Cortinarius olorinatus
- Cortinarius opaculus
- Cortinarius orixanthus
- Cortinarius paleaceus
- Cortinarius pallidus
- Cortinarius paludicola
- Cortinarius pansicolor
- Cortinarius paraoniti
- Cortinarius paraonui
- Cortinarius paraxenosma
- Cortinarius perelegans
- Cortinarius periclymenus
- Cortinarius peristeris
- Cortinarius persicanus
- Cortinarius phaeochlorus
- Cortinarius picoides
- Cortinarius piriformis
- Cortinarius pselioticton
- Cortinarius psilomorphus
- Cortinarius purpurascens
- Cortinarius purpuratus
- Cortinarius rattinus
- Cortinarius redactus
- Cortinarius rhipiduranus
- Cortinarius rigidus
- Cortinarius rotundisporus
- Cortinarius rubrimarginatus
- Cortinarius rubrocastaneus
- Cortinarius rubrodactylus
- Cortinarius sanguinolentus
- Cortinarius sanguinolentus
- Cortinarius sarcinochrous
- Cortinarius scabrosus
- Cortinarius scaurus
- Cortinarius sect. Anisodori
- Cortinarius sect. Bolares
- Cortinarius sect. Cartilaginei
- Cortinarius sect. Diaphori
- Cortinarius sect. Dulciolentes
- Cortinarius sect. Entheosi
- Cortinarius sect. Incensi
- Cortinarius sect. Laeti
- Cortinarius sect. Luteini
- Cortinarius sect. Majestatici
- Cortinarius sect. Paraxanthi
- Cortinarius sect. Rubrobasales
- Cortinarius sect. Salmaster
- Cortinarius sect. Sinapicolores
- Cortinarius singularis
- Cortinarius sp
- Cortinarius sp.
- Cortinarius sp.
- Cortinarius sp. [PDD 77486]
- Cortinarius sp. [ZT NZ8682]
- Cortinarius sp. 'Alborn (PDD 83767)'
- Cortinarius sp. AU1
- Cortinarius sp. 'Awakeri (PDD 113542)'
- Cortinarius sp. 'Clements Mill (PDD 113590)'
- Cortinarius sp. 'Craigieburn (PDD 105980)'
- Cortinarius sp. 'Croesus (PDD 107400)'
- Cortinarius sp. 'Eglington (PDD 113108)'
- Cortinarius sp. 'Eucalyptus yellow (PDD 114033)'
- Cortinarius sp. 'Hawdon Valley (PDD 105968)'
- Cortinarius sp. 'Kaimanawa (PDD 113651)'
- Cortinarius sp. 'Lake Crystal (PDD 112822)'
- Cortinarius sp. 'Medbury (PDD 96943)'
- Cortinarius sp. 'Mt Holdsworth (PDD 87418)'
- Cortinarius sp. 'Tiraki (PDD 112728)'
- Cortinarius sp. 'Tongariro (PDD 113598)'
- Cortinarius sp. 'West Bay (PDD 112356)'
- Cortinarius spilomeus
- Cortinarius stenophryx
- Cortinarius sterilis
- Cortinarius subarcheri
- Cortinarius subargentatus
- Cortinarius subgemmeus
- Cortinarius subgen. Anomali
- Cortinarius subgen. Camphorati
- Cortinarius subgen. Cortinarius
- Cortinarius subgen. Delibuti
- Cortinarius subgen. Dermocybe
- Cortinarius subgen. Hydrocybe
- Cortinarius subgen. Icterinula
- Cortinarius subgen. Illumini
- Cortinarius subgen. Infracti
- Cortinarius subgen. Inoloma
- Cortinarius subgen. Iodolentes
- Cortinarius subgen. Leprocybe
- Cortinarius subgen. Myxacium
- Cortinarius subgen. Orellani
- Cortinarius subgen. Paramyxacium
- Cortinarius subgen. Sericeocybe
- Cortinarius subgen. Subcastanelli
- Cortinarius subgen. Telamonia
- Cortinarius talus
- Cortinarius thaumastus
- Cortinarius turbinatus
- Cortinarius turbinellus
- Cortinarius turcopes
- Cortinarius urbiculus
- Cortinarius ursus
- Cortinarius varius
- Cortinarius vernicifer
- Cortinarius verniciorum
- Cortinarius viscilaetus
- Cortinarius viscincisus
- Cortinarius wallacei
- Cortinarius xenosma
- Cortinarius xiphidipus
Synonyms
Associations
Descriptions
Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray 1821
Traditionally Cortinarius includes mushrooms with a central stalk, extremely variable in size and colour, but always with a rusty-brown or cinnamon brown spore print and a "cortina" - a web-like veil covering the gills when immature, and remaining as a few whispy fragments on the stalk when mature. All ectomycorrhizal, these are the most common mushrooms on the ground in Nothofagus forests in autumn.
In recent years molecular studies have shown that features used to distinguish several Cortinarius-like genera, such as the presence of the robust ring on the stalk (e.g. Rozites), gelatinous caps or stalks (e.g. Myxacium, Phlegmacium) and truffle-like fruiting bodies (e.g. Thaxterogaster), have each evolved indepedently several times, and for now many of these genera have been incorporated into a morphologically extremely variable and taxonomically much expanded Cortinarius that is morphologically extremely variable..
More than 100 species of Cortinarius have been described from New Zealand, and many more species are known but remain undescribed. Rarely, if ever, found outside of native forests, where this ectomycorrhizal genus is restricted to forests with either Nothofagus or tea-tree.
Cortinarius is a large, morphologically divergent genus of ectomycorrhizal species. Species in this genus are amongst the most common and prominent mushrooms seen in New Zealand's beech forests in the autumn.
Cortinarius sensu lato has been variously divided into a number of smaller genera over the years. These genera have been based on differences in morphology such as a glutinous cap (Phlegmacium), a glutinous stipe and cap (Myxacium), bright pigments (Dermocybe), or a secotioid habit (Thaxterogaster).Molecular studies have shown that all such features have evolved several times independently amongst the cortinarioid fungi, an progressively these segregate genera are being incorporated back into Cortinarius. Few molecular studies have yet incorporated New Zealand material, and for now many of our species remain in the segregate genera.
Although such a taxonomic approach is neccessary, it makes this biodiverse genus very difficult to handle.
Over 115 species have been described from New Zealand. Only those listed below have descriptions or images available from NZFungi.
Ectomycorrhizal Cortinarius-like mushrooms on soil under Nothofagus and tea-tree. Distinguished from Cortinarius by the bright, yellow or red, water-soluable pigments.
More than 15 species species have been reported from New Zealand, only those listed below have descriptions or images available from NZFungi.
Truffle-like, ectomycorrhizal fungi. Hymenogaster-like fungi (lacking a columella, with basal rhizomorphs) characterised as a genus by the cortinarioid spores.
Bougher & Castellano erected a genus Cortinomyces for these fungi, but as it was based on the type of Protoglossum, is a superfluous genus. These authors cited Cunningham (1934) as reporting the species P. luteus from New Zealand, but Cunningham (1944) later treats P. luteus as a synonym of Hymenogaster viscidus, so his concept of this fungus for New Zealand must be doubtful. At least one undescribed species in the genus occurs under Nothofagus in New Zealand.
Spore print rusty brown. Cap about 5-10 cm diam., typically sticky or glutinous, with irregular, scale-like patches, often striate near the margin; stalk with a well-developed, persistent, striate ring.
Molecular studies have shown that the characters used to recognise Rozites (glutinous cap and striate ring) have evolved indepently several times. Most New Zealand species of Rozites have now been placed in a very broadly-defined Cortinarius .
Like all Cortinarius species, Rozites is ectomycorrhizal, mostly under Nothofagus, but R. australiensis (= Cortinarius australiensis) is found under tea tree.
Rozites can be confused with Descolea - also mycorrhizal under Nothofagus and tea tree and also with a persistent, striate ring on the stalk. Descolea differs in microscopic characters, and most species are smaller than Rozites, and they typically have a dry cap.