Specimen examined: Campbell Island, Mt. Honey, on Hebe benthamii (Hook. f.) Cockayne & Allan [Scrophulariaceae], March 12, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 85501 – I).

Notes: This endemic rust is known on several Hebe spp. in the South Island and Stewart Island. This is the first record on H. benthamii.

Campbell Island (McKenzie and Foggo 1989), Mt. Honey, on Abrotanella rosulata (Hook. f.) Hook. f. [Asteraceae], January 1981, M.N. Foggo (PDD 43969 – I).

This rust was described from Tasmania (see McKenzie and Foggo 1989). In New Zealand it is known from only two localities: Campbell Island, and from a specimen collected in January 1953 on Abrotanella pusilla (Hook. f.) Hook. f. in the Tararua Ranges, North Island.

Campbell Island, boardwalk to Mt. Azimuth, on P. vestitum, March 14, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie & P.R. Johnston (PDD 87903 – II); Beeman Cove, on P. vestitum, March 15, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 87902 – II).

Uredinia hypophyllous, inconspicuous, ellipsoidal, usually ca. 0.25 mm long, but sometimes up to 0.5 mm, often aggregated on discolored tissue, erumpent, long covered by the epidermis which eventually splits open, surrounded by a rudimentary peridium. Urediniospores (22–)26–36(–49) × (13–)16–24(–27) µm (mean of 65 spores, 32.5 × 20.2 µm), broadly ellipsoid, ellipsoid, obovoid or subglobose, contents hyaline, wall 1–1.5 µm thick, hyaline, echinulate, germ pores not seen.

Uredinia hypophylla, ellipsoidea, usque ad 0.5 mm longa, saepe aggregata, maculis decoloratis insidentibus, erumpentia. Urediniosporae (22–)26–36(–49) × (13–)16–24(–27) µm, late ellipsoideae, ellipsoideae, obovoideae vel subglobosae, interne hyalinae, membrana 1–1.5 µm crassa hyalina echinulata, poris germinationis ignotis.

Notes: Although lacking telia, this rust appears similar to Milesina whitei (Faull) Hirats. f. known on Polystichum species in Europe and Russia. The urediniospores of M. whitei are slightly smaller (Wilson and Henderson 1966; 22–40 × 17– 22 µm, av. 30 × 19 µm). The uredinia of M. whitei are circular, ca. 0.15–0.3 mm diameter, and rupture through a central pore. Milesina exigua Faull occurs widely on Polystichum spp., but it has smaller urediniospores (17.5–32.5 × 19–20 µm) and a thinner wall (0.5–1 µm) (Hiratsuka et al. 1992).
Milesia polystichi-vestiti is the third rust to be recorded on a fern in New Zealand. Milesia histiopteridis (G. Cunn.) Faull (originally described as Milesina histiopteridis G. Cunn.) was described from New Zealand on Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Sm. (Cunningham 1924), and Hyalopsora polypodii (Dietel) Magnus was recorded on Deparia petersenii ssp. congrua (Brack.) M. Kato (McKenzie 1990). In all cases, only uredinia are known from New Zealand. The urediniospores of Milesia polystichi-vestiti are larger than those of either M. histiopteridis (18–26 × 14–20 µm) or H. polypodii [(20–)23–30(–32) × (11–)14–15(–16 µm)].
Polystichum vestitum is endemic and widespread throughout the New Zealand botanical region. It is morphologically highly variable, but molecular data does not support classification at the varietal level (Perrie et al. 2003).

Campbell Island, Camp Cove, on Polystichum vestitum (G. Forst.) C. Presl [Dryopteridaceae], March 11, 2000, P.R. Johnston (PDD 87904 – II – HOLOTYPE)

Campbell Island, Mt. Honey, on D. longifolium, March 7, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 87905 – I); fence line from Tucker Cove, on D. longifolium, March 9, 2000, P.R. Johnston (PDD 87907 – I); North West Bay hut, on D. longifolium, March 13, 2000, P.R. Johnston (PDD 87906 – I).

Pycnia not seen. Aecia mainly on abaxial surface, pale, linear, lying between the parallel leaf veins, usually up to 1(–1.5) mm long, ca. 0.25 mm wide, usually only 2–4 per leaf and lying end to end, on brown or reddish leaf discoloration that usually extends through to opposite surface of leaf, long covered by the epidermis which ruptures irregularly often along one edge and end of pustule but rarely becomes detached, spores seen when liberated onto leaf surface. Peridium absent. Aeciospores catenate, no separating cells, 17.5–27(–34) × (13–)15.5–21.5 µm (mean of 75 spores, 22.6 × 18.2 µm), obovoid, ellipsoidal or subglobose, often somewhat angular, contents hyaline, wall ca. 0.5 µm thick, hyaline, verrucose, germ pores not seen.

Pycnia ignota. Aecia plerumque abaxialia, pallida, usque ad 1(–1.5) × ca. 0.25 mm, maculis brunneis vel subrufus insidentibus diu epidermidibus obtectis. Peridia nulla. Aeciosporae catenata, 17.5–27(–34) × (13–)15.5–21.5 µm, obovoideae, ellipsoideae vel subglobosae, saepe angulatae, interne hyalinae, membrana ca. 0.5 µm crassa hyalina verrucosa, poris germinationis ignotis.

Notes: The genus Petersonia was erected by Cummins and Hiratsuka (2003) to accommodate those rusts producing aecia that lack a distinct peridium and have catenate aeciospores without separating cells; this is Caeoma type IV and V of Sato and Sato (1985), and would include the aecial states of Mikronegeria and Blastospora. To date the genus is monotypic with only the original species, P. sanctaecrucis (Espinosa) Cummins & Y. Hirats., the aecial state of Mikronegeria fagi Dietel & Neger, which occurs in the Andes in Chile and Argentina and produces telia on Nothofagus and aecia on Araucaria. Some other species with a similar aecial morphology have been described in the genus Caeoma; these include C. peltatum C.G. Shaw III & C.G. Shaw described from New Zealand on cladodes of Phyllocladus trichomanoides D. Don (Shaw 1976). The aeciospores of C. peltatum are somewhat larger (23.8–46.3 × 17.5–30 µm, mean 32.7 × 25.3 µm) with a thicker wall (1–2.1 µm) than those of Petersonia dracophylli.
The host genus, Dracophyllum (or “grass tree”), is placed within the mainly Southern Hemisphere, predominantly Australian family Epacridaceae. Almost 40 species of Dracophyllum occur in New Zealand with a few species in New Caledonia, and 1 or 2 in Australia. This is the first record of a rust fungus on the genus.

Campbell Island, east of Beeman Hill, on Dracophyllum longifolium (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) R. Br. [Epacridaceae], March 6, 2000, P.R. Johnston & E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 87909 – I – HOLOTYPE)

Campbell Island, east of Beeman Hill, on Acaena sp. [Rosaceae], March 6, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83399 – II, PDD 83462 – II).

Uredinia hypophyllous, orange, pulvinate, pulverulent, mainly circular, sometimes oval, up to 0.75 mm long, with peripheral paraphyses; paraphyses up to 90 µm long, hyaline, curved, sometimes capitate (up to 16 µm wide) or only slightly swollen at apex, wall 1.5–2.5 µm thick. Urediniospores 19.5–22(–28.5) × 18–21 µm, subglobose, ellipsoidal, obovoid or pyriform, contents orange, becoming white when old and dried, wall 0.5–2 µm thick, hyaline, verruculose, germ pores 6–8, scattered.

Four species of Phragmidium have been described from New Zealand on species of Acaena. They are distinguished from each other primarily on characters of the teliospores, especially average length and number of cells. There is little if any difference between their urediniospores. Unfortunately, neither of the collections from Campbell Island possess teliospoteliospores, and it is thus impossible to determine the species.

South Island, Otago Lakes, Cardrona Ski Field, on I. subtilissima Boeck., February 5, 1998, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 87918 – II, III).

Uredinia amphigenous, cinnamon brown, bullate, pulverulent, elliptical, up to 2 cm long. Urediniospores 23–29 × (16–)18–21(–23) µm (mean of 44 spores, 25.7 × 19.6 µm), obovoid to subglobose, contents very pale golden brown; wall 1.5–3 µm thick, pale golden brown, echinulate, germ pores 2, equatorial. Telia arising from same sori as the uredinia. Teliospores 27–41 × 10–17 µm (mean of 20 spores, 32.4 × 14 µm), ellipsoid or subclavate, straight or slightly curved, apex rounded or sometimes acuminate, constricted at the septum, contents very pale luteus, wall ca. 1 µm thick at sides, 1–4 µm at apex, smooth, pale luteus; pedicels up to 15 µm long, but usually broken shorter, 5–9 µm wide, hyaline.

Uredinia amphigena, cinnamomeo-brunnea, bulliformia, pulverulentia, elliptica, usque ad 2 cm longa. Urediniosporae 23–29 × (16–)18–21(–23) µm, obovoideae vel subglobosae, valde pallide aureo-brunnea, membrana 1.5–3 µm crassa pallide aureo-brunnea echinulata, poris germinationis 2 aequatorialibus. Telia uredinii similia, ex ipsis soris orientia. Teliosporae 27–41 × 10–17 µm, ellipsoidae vel subclavatae, ad septum constrictae, valde pallide luteae, membrana ad latera ca. 1 µm ad apicem 1–4 µm crassa levi pallide lutea, pedicello usque ad 15 × 5–9 µm pallide flavido.

Notes: This is the first record of a rust fungus on either Isolepis habra or I. subtilissima. McAlpine (1906) described Uredo scirpi-nodosi on Scirpus nodosus (= Ficinia nodosa (Rottb.) Goetgh., Muasya & D.A. Simpson; syn. Isolepis nodosa (Rottb.) R. Br.) from Victoria, Australia. He described the urediniospores as “brown, subglobose, ellipsoid to oblong, variable in size, 25–32 µ diam., or 27–36 × 19–25 µ; epispore echinulate, often 3 µ thick.” The species was subsequently reported from New Zealand (Cunningham 1924) and the urediniospores are described by Cunningham (1931) as “elliptical, obovate or subglobose, 24–35 × 16–24 µ, average 27 × 20 µ; epispore tinted cinnamon brown, coarsely and sparsely echinulate, 1.5 µ thick.” Cunningham (1924) stated that the epispore was 2–2.5 µm thick.
Further specimens of Uredo scirpi-nodosi in Herb. PDD were examined: PDD 61891 on Isolepis distigmatosa (C.B. Clarke) Edgar, PDD 34174 and 45171 on I. inundata R. Br., PDD 44048 on Ficinia nodosa, PDD 31479 and 41097 on I. prolifera (Rottb.) R. Br. These specimens had urediniospores measuring (23–)25–31(–35) × (16.5–)19–26(–28) µm (mean 120 spores, 27.8 × 22.6 µm). U scirpi-nodosi has been also recorded on Bolboschoenus medianus (V.J. Cook) Soják and Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmel.) Palla (= S. validus (Vahl) Á. Löve & D. Löve) in New Zealand (McKenzie 1998).
Gjærum (1990) described Puccinia isolepidis on Isolepis fluitans from Ethiopia. This rust has urediniospores that measure 21–27 × 13–21 µm, which is smaller than those described for Uredo scirpi-nodosi (McAlpine 1906). In addition, the urediniospore wall is only 1(–1.5) µm thick in P. isolepidis, compared to up to 3 µm in U. scirpi-nodosi. The teliospores of P. isolepidis are considerably larger than those of P. austrina (38–65 × 16–24 µm vs. 27–41 × 10–17 µm).

Campbell Island, Mt. Honey, on Isolepis habra (Edgar) Soják [Cyperaceae], March 7, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 87917 – II, III – HOLOTYPE)

Auckland Islands, on Agrostis capillaris L. [Poaceae], March 21, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie(PDD 83448 – II); on Poa pratensis L. [Poaceae], T. Kirk,1890 (K – II, Gjærum 1998); Enderby Island, Sandy Bay, onPoa sp. (P. astonii Petrie or P. litorosa Cheeseman), March 21, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83446 – II, III). CampbellIsland, Mt. Honey, on Agrostis capillaris, March 7, 2000,E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83452 – II); on A. magellanicaLam., March 7, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83456 – II); Mt. Honey, on A. magellanica, March 12, 2000, E.H.C.McKenzie (PDD 83450 – II); Beeman Camp, on Anthoxanthumodoratum L. [Poaceae], March 8, 2000, E.H.C.McKenzie (PDD 73903 – II); on Poa antipoda Petrie[Poaceae], March 9, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83447 –II); hills above head of North-East Stream, on P. foliosa(Hook. f.) Hook. f., March 14, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie(PDD 83449 – II); Tucker Cove, on Poa sp., March 16, 2000,E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83451 – II).

A widespread rust, especially in temperate areas of theworld. Occurs throughout New Zealand on a range of both introduced and endemic grasses. This is the first New Zealand record of this rust on the genus Agrostis, and on Poa antipoda and P. foliosa.

Campbell Island, east of BeemanHill, on Carex appressa R. Br. [Cyperaceae], March 6, 2000,E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 72449 – II, III); Camp Cove, onC. appressa, March 11, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD72450 – II).

A widespread rust, especially in temperate areas of theworld. Presumably indigenous to New Zealand, it occursthroughout the country on various species of Carex.

Other specimens examined: Auckland Islands, Enderby Island,Sandy Bay, on Carex trifida Cav. [Cyperaceae], March 21,2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83426 – II). Chatham Islands, Rekohu, Owenga, March 11, 1983, E.H.C. McKenzie(PDD 44228 – II – holotype of Uredo chathamica).

Uredinia amphigenous, mainly on lower (abaxial) surface, cinnamon-brown, pulverulent, linear, up to 2 mm long or longer when confluent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis. Urediniospores 33–49 x 27–33 µm (av. of 39 spores, 41.4 x 30.0 µm), subglobose, ellipsoidal or obovoid, wall 2–3.5 µm thick, light brown, echinulate, germ pores 3, equatorial. Telia on lower (abaxial) surface, dark brown toblack, compact, up to 1 mm long, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis. Teliospores 43–56 x 18.5–21 µm, ellipsoid or subclavate, apex rounded, constricted at septum, wall 1–2.5 µm thick at sides, 9–10.5 µm at apex, smooth, light brown; pedicels up to 30 x 4–5 µm, but usually broken shorter, paleluteus.

Uredinia plerumque hypophylla (abaxialia), cinnamomeo-brunnea, pulverulentia, usque ad 2 mm longa. Urediniosporae 33–49 x 27–33 µm, subglobosae, ellipsoideae vel obovoideae, membrana 2–3.5 µm crassa pallide brunnea echinulata, poris germinationis 3 aequatorialibus. Telia hypophylla (abaxialia), atro-brunnea vel nigra, compacta, usque ad 1 mm longa. Teliosporae 43–56 x 18.5–21 µm, ellipsoidae vel subclavatae, ad septum constrictae, membrana ad latera 1–2.5 µm ad apicem 9–10.5 µm crassa levi pallidebrunnea, pedicello usque ad 30 x 4–5 µm pallide luteo.

Notes: The description of the urediniospores matches that given by McKenzie (1991) for Uredo chathamica [(28–)33–39(–46) x (24–)26–31(–35) µm], and a comparison of specimens also indicates that they are conspecific. McKenzie (1991) described U. chathamica based on four collections of a rust fungus on Carex chathamica Petrie and two on C. trifida from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. None of the six specimens had teliospores. The collection of rust on C.trifida from Campbell Island is the only one to have both urediniospores and teliospores. Unusually, it is the urediniospores of P. chathamica that are quite distinctive from those of four other species of Puccinia known on Carex spp. in New Zealand. The urediniospores are larger than those of the other four species (P. caricina, P. mania G. Cunn., P. maurea G. Cunn., P.rautahi G. Cunn.) and they generally have three equatorial germ pores. The teliospores are less distinctive. In size they are most similar to those of P. maurea and P. rautahi, but are slightly larger. The teliospores of P. rautahi have an acuminate apex whereas those of P. chathamica and P. maurea are mainly rounded.

Campbell Island, Beeman wharf, on C. trifida, March 8, 2000, E.H.C.McKenzie (PDD 83420 – II, III – HOLOTYPE)

Auckland Islands (McKenzieand Foggo 1989), Enderby Island, Sandy Bay, on Holcuslanatus L. [Poaceae], March 21, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie(PDD 83427 – II); on Poa foliosa (Hook. f.) Hook. f.)[Poaceae], August 1985, M.N. Foggo (PDD 47673 – II).Campbell Island, Camp Cove, on Arrhenatherum elatius(L.) J. Presl & C. Presl subsp. elatius [Poaceae], March 11,2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 72291 – II, III, PDD 72296 –II, III).

The cosmopolitan “crown rust” is widespread throughout New Zealand, on a broad range of mainly introduced grasses.

Campbell Island, Mt. Honey, on Holcus lanatus [Poaceae], March 7, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie(PDD 83395 – II); Beeman Camp, on H. lanatus, March 8,2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83431 – II); Tucker Cove, onH. lanatus, March 16, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83397– II). North Island, Bay of Plenty, Rotorua, Tikitere, on H.lanatus, A. Gianotti, December 15, 1998 (PDD 69785 – II).South Island, Mid Canterbury, Christchurch, Addington, onH. lanatus, A.J. Healy, December 5, 1998 (PDD 70648 – II,III). Stewart Island, Halfmoon Bay, on H. lanatus, E.H.C.McKenzie, C. & K. Vánky, February 9, 1998 (PDD 85516– II, III).

In New Zealand, Puccinia coronata has been commonly found on Holcus lanatus wherever the host plant grows. However, in 1998 P. hordei was collected for the first time on H. lanatus in New Zealand (PDD 69785, 70648, 85516). Rust was common on H. lanatus on Campbell Island in 2000, and it was also determined as P. hordei, although no teliospores were found. Overseas, H. mollis is well known as a host of P. hordei. P. hordei is common and widespreadon barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and barley grasses (Critesion spp.) in New Zealand.

Campbell Island, Mt. Honey, onJuncus antarcticus Hook. f. [Juncaceae], March 7, 2000,E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 73900 – II).

This indigenous rust, described from Australia, is widespread on Juncus spp. in New Zealand. This is the first record on J. antarcticus.

Auckland Islands, Auckland Island, near Dea’s Point, on Rumex neglectus Kirk [Polygonaceae], March 22, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83435 –II, III); Auckland Island, Chambres Inlet, on R. neglectus, March 27, 2006, P.R. Johnston (PDD 87919 – II, III); Enderby Island, East Bay, on R. neglectus, February 7, 1999, C.J. West (PDD 70278 – II, III); Enderby Island, Sandy Bay, on R. neglectus, March 21, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83433 – II, III). Chatham Islands, Rekohu, Ohira Bay, on R. neglectus, January 7, 2007, R.E. Beever (PDD92012 – II, III).

Uredinia amphigenous, but mainly epiphyllous on R. neglectus, pulvinate, pulverulent, orbicular, ca. 0.5 mm diam., but up to 2 mm or more and irregular in shape when coalescent, surrounded by epidermis, amber colored. Urediniospores (20.5–)24–30(–33) x 16–25 µm (mean of 99 spores, 27.2 x 20.2 µm), obovoid, ellipsoidal to broadly ellipsoid, contents bright golden yellow; wall 0.6–2 µm thick, hyaline to pale yellow, echinulate, germ pores 3–4, equatorial. Teliospores mixed in with urediniospores, 24.5–36 x 16–23.5 µm (mean of 71 spores, 28.8 x 20.4 µm), ellipsoidal,each cell subglobose, slightly constricted at septum, contents yellow-brown or bright yellow gold; wall 0.7–1.3 µm thick at sides, 1–2.3 µm at apex, yellow-brown, smooth; germ pore at apex in upper cell, slightly papillate, and near pedicel in lower cell; pedicels up to 10 µm, hyaline.

This endemic rust is known from the western and southern parts of the South Island, Stewart Island, and Chatham Islands. It has been recorded on two native species of dock, Rumex flexuosus Spreng. and R. neglectus. The plants seen in the Auckland Islands in March 2000 were heavily infected.

Auckland Islands (Cunningham1931; McKenzie and Foggo 1989), on Myosotis capitata Hook. f. [Boraginaceae], J.D. Hooker (Kew (M)52415 – III).

Aecia, pycnia, and uredinia not known. Telia hypophyllous, circular, single, 1–1.25 mm diameter, sometimes surrounded by a ring of smaller pustules, pale amber, pulvinate, compact. Teliospores fusiform or ovoid, straight or slightly curved, apical cell oval or ellipsoidal, basal cell oval, ellipsoidal or obovoid, apex subacute, rounded, base attenuated, slightly constricted at septum, 45–68 x 16.5–23 µm (mean of 32 spores, 56.1 x 19.5 µm); wall smooth, yellowish, 2.25–3.5 µm thick at side, 4.5–10 µm thick at apex; pedicel persistent, up to 190 µm long, 8–14 µm wide, wall 2.25–3.25 µm thick, hyaline.

The teliospore measurements obtained from an examination of the type specimen held at Kew are comparable to those given by Sydow (1922), who also examined the type specimen, and cited measurements of 42–62 x 15–20 µm. This rust was initially described as Puccinia compacta Berk. (Berkeley 1855), which is a later homonyn of P. compacta Kunze. It was said to have been collected by Lyall in the “Southern Island” (??Stewart Island). However, the host is restricted to the Auckland and Campbell island groups. Cunningham (1931) cites the specimen as being collected by J.D. Hooker on the Auckland Islands, but it is equally likely that it was collected on Campbell Island, as there is nothing on the Kew specimen to indicate either Campbell Island or Auckland Islands as the locality.

Auckland Islands, Enderby Island, near Sandy Bay, on Oreobolus pectinatus Hook. f. [Cyperaceae], March 21, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83421 – II).Campbell Island (Dingley 1977; McKenzie and Foggo 1989), Homestead Flat, on O. pectinatus, November 21, 1975, B.M.May (PDD 34185 – II, III, 34186 – II, III).

Uredinia amphigenous, bullate, up to 0.75 x 0.25 mm,long-covered by a shield-like flap of epidermis, cinnamon colored. Urediniospores (23–)26–32(–35) x (18–)20.5–25.5(–28) µm (mean of 63 spores, 29.2 x 23.3 µm), subglobose, ellipsoid, obovoid, sometimes angular; wall2–3 µm thick, cinnamon brown, echinulate, germ pores 2, equatorial.

This rust was described from Samanzing, Papua New Guinea on Oreobolus sp. (Cummins 1941). Dingley (1977) found a few teliospores intermixed with urediniospores in the two Campbell Island specimens, but no teliospores were seen in the more recent Auckland Islands specimen, and they could not be located on the Campbell Island specimens.The rust is not known on Oreobolus in mainland New Zealand. The current distribution of Papua New Guinea and the subantarctic islands of New Zealand is unusual fora rust fungus. However, Samanzing is about 2000 m above sea level, and a similar distributional pattern encompassing New Zealand, New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Solomon Islands exists for several genera of agaricales (Horak 1983). Oreobolus is a mainly Southern Hemisphere genus, but it also occurs in Hawaii, Malaysia, and Central America.

Auckland Islands (Cunningham1923, 1931; McKenzie and Foggo 1989), Enderby Island, onEpilobium confertifolium Hook. f. [Onagraceae], May 25,1911, L. Cockayne (PDD 1440 – I). Campbell Island (McKenzie and Foggo 1989), on E. confertifolium, January 1981,M.N. Foggo (PDD 43968 – I); on E. confertifolium, February3, 1984, C.D. Meurk (PDD 45093 – I); Dent Island, onE. confertifolium, February 14, 1984, T.K. Crosby (PDD45050 – I).

This indigenous rust, which is widespread around the world, is common throughout New Zealand on many species of Epilobium. Only the aecial stage was found in the subantarctic islands. The aecia are amphigenous and can be very crowded on the leaf surface.

Campbell Island, Camp Cove, onFestuca rubra ssp. commutata Gaudin [Poaceae], March 11,2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 87916 – II).

A widespread rust, especially in temperate areas of the world. Occurs throughout New Zealand on a range of mainly introduced grasses. Puccinia recondita is a “species complex.”

Auckland Islands (Cunningham 1931; McKenzie and Foggo 1989), on Gentianella cerina(Hook. f.) T.N. Ho & S.W. Liu [Gentianaceae], January1890, T. Kirk (PDD 10069 – II); Auckland Island, PortRoss, top of ridge to north of harbor, on Gentianella sp.,March 29, 2006, P.R. Johnston (PDD 88475 – II). Campbell Island (Baker 1956; McKenzie and Foggo 1989), on G. antarctica(Kirk) T.N. Ho & S.W. Liu, November 1951 (PDD13247 – II); on G. antarctica, February 1984, T.K. Crosby(PDD 45051 – II); on G. antarctica, January 1981, M.N.Foggo (PDD 43967 – II); fence line from Tucker Cove, on G. antarctica, March 9, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83439– II).

Two species of rust fungi have been recorded on Gentianella in New Zealand, but the second species, Puccinia cockaynei G. Cunn., is not known from the subantarctic. Although the two species can be readily distinguished by the size and shape of their teliospores, only urediniospores have been found on the subantarctic specimens. The urediniospore wall of P. tararua averages about 3 µm (range, 2–4.3 µm), which is noticeably thicker than the wall of P. cockaynei (average less than 2 µm; range, 1.3–3 µm). The wall is pale yellow in P. tararua and cinnamon brown in P. cockaynei (Cunningham 1931).

Auckland Islands (Cunningham1931; McKenzie and Foggo 1989), on Luzula crinita Hook.f. [Juncaceae]. Campbell Island (Cunningham 1931;9McKenzie and Foggo 1989), on L. crinita, J.D. Hooker (Kew (M) 52413; Berkeley 1845 – holotype of Uredo antarctica); fence line from Tucker Cove, on Luzula sp., March9, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 72448 – II).

Puccinia tenuispora was described from Victoria, Australia, on Luzula campestris (L.) DC. In New Zealand,it is known on several species of Luzula from the Tararua Ranges southward, including the Chatham Islands. The anamorph, Uredo antarctica was described from a Campbell Island specimen. The subglobose to ellipsoidal urediniospores of this specimen measure 22.5–29.5 x 18–24 µm (mean of 20 spores, 25.4 x 21.2 µm); this is very similar to the measurements of 22–27 x 16–24 µm, mean 25 x 21 µm given by Cunningham (1931) for urediniospores of P. tenuispora. There is no specimen in Herb. PDD to substantiate Cunningham’s (1931) record of this fungus from Auckland Islands.

Campbell Island, Mt. Honey, on Uncinia hookeri Boott [Cyperaceae], March 7, 2000, E.H.C.McKenzie (PDD 72451 – II); boardwalk to Mt. Azimuth,on Uncinia sp., March 14, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD87908 – II).

This indigenous rust was originally described from Chile. It occurs throughout New Zealand, including the Chatham Islands, on several species of Uncinia.

Auckland Islands (Cooke 1890;Cunningham 1924, 1931; Sydow and Sydow 1924; McKenzieand Foggo 1989), Port Ross, coast, on Olearia lyallii Hook.f. [Asteraceae], 1890, T. Kirk (PDD 42 – II – isotype); on O. lyallii, November 1907, B.C. Aston (PDD 10076 – II);Ewing Island, on O. lyalli, December 27, 1962, F.J. Fisher(PDD 40284 – II ex CHR 134024); on O. lyallii, February13, 1987, W.R. Sykes (PDD 52963 – II); Port Ross, near Hardwicke site, on O. lyallii, March 22, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 87910 – II); Enderby Island, on O. lyallii, March21, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 87911 – II).

This endemic rust is known only from the Auckland Islands and Stewart Island. Wilson (1982) stated that Olearia lyallii was introduced from Snares Islands to Auckland Islands, and that it is very similar to the coastal leatherwood (O. colensoi Hook. f.) of Stewart Island.

Auckland Islands, Adams Island, Fairchild’s Garden, on Anisotome sp. [Apiaceae], March 22,2006, P.R. Johnston (PDD 87920–II). Campbell Island (Cooke 1890; Cunningham 1924, 1931; McKenzie and Foggo1989), on Anisotome antipoda Hook. f., February 1984, T.K. Crosby (PDD 53798 – II); on A. latifolia Hook. f., 1890,T. Kirk (PDD 41 – III – holotype of Uredo inflata); on A.latifolia, January 1981, M.N. Foggo (PDD 53586 – III);on A. latifolia, January 29, 1984, T.K. Crosby (PDD 45179– II, III); South Col, by track to Asimuth, on A. latifolia, February 6, 1984, T.K. Crosby (PDD 83459 – III); NorthWest Bay, on A. latifolia, March 13, 2000, P.R. Johnston (PDD 72455 – III); hills above head of North East Stream,on A. latifolia, March 14, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD73902 – III); fence line from Tucker Cove, on A. latifolia, March 2000, E. Edwards (PDD 72457 – III).

Pycnia and aecia not known. Uredinia amphigenous, scattered, yellowish, bullate, ellipsoidal, up to 3 x 1 mm,long-covered by epidermis. Urediniospores 28–38(–48) x (15–)17.5–21.5(–23) µm (av. of 50 x 34.0 x 19.7 µm), obovoid, ellipsoidal or pyriform, contents yellow, wall 1.25–2.5 µm thick, colorless, coarsely echinulate, germ pores obscure. Telia amphigenous, scattered or crowded, yellowish, bullate, ellipsoidal, up to 3 x 1 mm, long covered by epidermis. Teliospores 19.5–25 x 16–20(–21.5) µm, (mean of 60 spores, 21.9 x 18.5 µm), subglobose, contents pale luteus, wall 2.5–4 µm thick, sometimes slightly thickened at apex, smooth or slightly verruculose especially near apex, luteus, germ pore obscure, pedicels up to 15 x 3 µm, but usually broken shorter, hyaline.

This endemic rust is known only from Auckland Islands and Campbell Island. Although originally described in the genus Uredo, Cunningham (1931) suggested that the spores resembled teliospores of a Uromyces. The sole specimen from Auckland Islands and two specimens from Campbell Island have a second spore type present; these spores are obviously urediniospores. The spores originally described by Cooke (1890) and redescribed by Cunningham (1931) are teliospores. The new combination, Uromyces inflatus (Cooke) McKenzie, is made following Article 59 of the Botanical Code.

Campbell Island, boardwalk to Mt.Azimuth, on Chionochloa antarctica (Hook. f.) Zotov[Poaceae], March 14, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 73025– II).

Uromyces macnabbii is known only from New Zealand on several species of Chionochloa. This is the first record on C. antarctica.

Campbell Island, east of Beeman Hill, on Poa sp. [Poaceae], March 6, 2000, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 83453 – II).

This rust is endemic to New Zealand, occurring on both native and introduced species of Poa. Microscopically, the uredinia of U. otakou differ from those of Puccinia brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis, the other common rust on Poa spp., by the absence of paraphyses. The germ pores on urediniospores of U. otakou are more obvious than those of P. brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis, and they have a slight, but noticeable, cap.