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Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924

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Trabutia nothofagi Syd., Ann. Mycol. 22 301 (1924)
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924

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Endemic
Present
New Zealand
Political Region

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Syd.
Syd.
1924
301
ICN
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924
NZ holotype
species
Trabutia nothofagi
Hab. in foliis Nothofagi fuscae, Rere Lake, Otago, [New Zealand], 5.4.1922, leg. W. D. Reid, PDD 987 (typus)

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nothofagi

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Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924

Type: Foliicolous Fungi; Description: Ascomata stromatic, perithecial, multi-loculate, scattered, subcuticular, irregular in shape, pustulate, black, shining, 0.5–1.5 mm in diameter; on upper surfaces of leaves, not associated with any obvious necrosis. Asci saccate, 145–175 × 27–37 μm. Ascospores oblong, straight or slightly curved, 0-septate, 35–46 × 12–15 μm, smooth, hyaline. Conidia oblong, straight, 0-septate, 35–47 × 12–17 μm, smooth, hyaline.
Distribution: Taupo, Fiordland, Mid Canterbury, Otago Lakes, Central Otago.; 1st Record: Sydow (1924).
Significance: None. The black and shiny ascomata give the appearance of tar-spots.; Host(s): Nothofagus fusca, N. solandri var. cliffortioides, N. truncata.
Maculis pallide fuscis, indeterminatus vel rotundatus, peritheciis hypophyllis, sparsis vel gregariis, hemisphaericis, atris, subcarbonaceis, nitendibus, ca. 80-100 µ diam.; conidiis magnis, oblonge ellipsoideis vel ovoideis, intus guttulatis, continuis, primo hyalinis den fuscidulis, 25-32 x 13-18 µ.
S.- Neu Seeland: Canterbury, Broken-River auf lebenden Blattern von Nothofagus cliffortioides. 4. Febr. 1902. L. Diels. No. 6345.
New Zealand: MID CANTERBURY: Broken River, on living leaves of Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides, L. Diels 6345, 4 Feb 1902 (B, holotype). NELSON: Hira State Forest, on Nothofagus truncata, Holloway, 11 Aug 1980 (NZFRI 2334). OTAGO LAKES: Lake Rere, on Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides, W.D. Reid, Apr 1921 (PDD 992).
Conidiomata develop on both upper and lower surfaces of living leaves (confined to lower surface in type collection and NZFRI 2334); in NZFRI 2334 there is some necrosis of leaf tissue in the general area that conidiomata are developing, the otherwise green leaf being marked by small pale brown flecks and blotches, with necrosis also evident on the corresponding surface of the leaf (the other collections comprise completely dried, uniformly pale brown leaves). Conidiomata 0.2-0.3 mm diam. (0.4-0.7 mm diam. in PDD 992), more or less round in outline, pustulate, black, shiny, opening by irregular cracks in upper wall.

Conidiomata initially subcuticular (subepidermal in NZFRI 2334), epidermal cells often becoming invaded (at least in part) as conidiomata mature, host cells otherwise remaining more or less intact; intercellular spaces in the leaf immediately below and around conidiomata containing scattered hyphae 2.5-3 µm diam. with hyaline and thin walls. Upper wall 10-25 µm thick, comprising several rows of angular cells 4-6 µm diam. with very thick and very dark walls, the cells paler and thinner-walled along inside edge of wall. Lower wall 10-15 µm thick, comprising a compact layer of angular cells 4-8 µm diam. with thin and hyaline walls, lined with the conidiogenous layer.

Conidiogenous cells 14-19.5 x 7-9.5 µm, cylindric, with a series of prominent annellidic rings in the upper part (the annellidic rings poorly developed in PDD 992, if present then restricted to 2-3 rings), with a broad, single, apical conidiogenous locus; solitary, forming palisade-like layer across lower wall of conidioma. Conidia 39-46 x 13.5-14.5 µm, broad-cylindric, straight, apex broadly rounded, base with small truncate scar, 0-septate, wall hyaline, smooth, about 1 µm thick.

Two of the Baeumleria nothofagi collections examined (the holotype and NZFRI 2334) are macroscopically very similar. The third collection (PDD 992) differs in having larger conidiomata, which develop on both the upper and lower surface of the leaves. PDD 992 also has less prominent annellations on the conidiogenous cells. The conidial locules on the type collection of Trabutia nothofagi, reportedly the teleomorph of B. nothofagi, has conidiogenous cells in which annellations were never observed. NZFRI 2334 has conidiomata which develop below the epidermal cells, while the other two collections are subcuticular. This may reflect anatomical differences between the leaves of the hosts of these collections, N. truncata and N. solandri var. cliffortioides respectively. Although the significance of these differences remains uncertain, for now they are considered to represent natural variation within the species.

See also notes under Trabutia nothofagi.

Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924

New Zealand: OTAGO LAKES: Lake Rere, on Nothofagus fusca, W.D. Reid, Apr 1922 (PDD 987, holotype).

Fruiting bodies develop on upper surface of leaves, scattered randomly over whole of the surface, not obviously associated with necrosis of leaf tissue; 0.5-1.5 mm diam., irregular in outline, pustulate, surface irregularly lumpy, wall black, shiny.

Fruiting bodies multiloculate, with several ascomatal locules, and sometimes with one or more conidiomatal locules at the margin; subcuticular, host epidermal cells remaining intact with little or no hyphae in the leaf tissue. Upper wall with the outer 40-50 µm comprising angular cells 4-7 µm diam. with very dark and very thick walls, inside this are columns of long-cylindric cells 3-6 µm diam. with brown and thin walls; locules develop amongst the long-cylindric cells, these cells being broken-down and pushed aside as ascomatal locules develop, but remaining more or less intact as separating tissue between locules. Lower wall more or less lacking, with subhymenium of ascomata, and conidiogenous cells of conidiomata, developing on the host epidermal cells.

Paraphyses 1.5 µm diam., branched occasionally, persistent. Asci 145-175 x 27-37 µm, saccate with a small basal foot; wall very thin when immature, about 2 µm thick when mature, appears to have 2 layers but these not separating with ascospore discharge, undifferentiated at apex; 8-spored. Ascospores 35-46 x 12.5-14.5, oblong, each end broadly rounded, straight or slightly curved, 0-septate, wall hyaline, 0.5-1 µm thick.

Conidiogenous cells 10-17 x 7-10 µm, more or less ampulliform to cylindric, wall thickened immediately below point at which conidium delimited, with a single, apical conidiogenous locus; solitary, forming a palisade-like layer across base of the conidioma. Conidia 38-47 x 12.5-16.5, oblong or sometimes irregularly tapering toward base, more or less straight, apex rounded, base with truncate scar, sometimes with small frill around scar, 0-septate, wall hyaline, smooth, about 1 µm thick.

Specimens of T. nothofagi and its putative anamorph, Baeumleria nothofagi, are known from only one collection on the leaves of Nothofagus fusca (Hook.f.) Oerst., two on N. solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook.f.) Poole, and one on N. truncata (Colenso) Cockayne. The teleomorph is known from only a single collection, on N. fusca. There is considerable morphological variation between collections, especially in the size of the fruiting bodies, whether they develop on the upper or lower leaf surface, and the development of annellations on the conidiogenous cells. The differences cannot clearly be correlated with host species, and as these features may be affected by maturity of the fungus, or by the environment in which it is growing; many more collections are required before the significance of the observed differences can properly be assessed. See also notes under Baeumleria nothofagi.

T. nothofagi was reported by Hood (1985) and Dingley (1969) to be common throughout New Zealand. However, examination of all herbarium material putatively of this species in the two largest fungal herbaria in New Zealand (PDD and NZFRI), has shown that several macroscopically similar tar-spot like fungi occur on Nothofagus leaves in New Zealand, and that the only collections that can unequivocally be attributed to T. nothofagi or its anamorph are the three cited by Sydow (1924) and Hennings (1903) in their original descriptions, plus one more recent collection.

The collection on N. solandri var. cliffortioides discussed under "cf. Trabutia sp." appears to represent a second Trabutia species on Nothofagus in New Zealand. Although the Baeumleria-like anamorph is well represented in the collection, the sexual state is immature, and the species is not formally described here. This fungus differs from T. nothofagi in the shape of the conidia. See notes under cf. Trabutia sp.

Based on the descriptions and notes published by Barr (1987) and Cannon (1991), there are some differences between T. nothofagi and the Quercus-inhabiting species of this genus from the Northern Hemisphere, including the type species of the genus, T. quercina (F.Rudolphi) Sacc. & Roum. These authors described the immature asci of Trabutia as thick-walled, and the paraphyses as Phyllachora-like, broad, thin-walled and collapsing. Based on these kinds of characters Arx (1987), Barr (1987) and Cannon (1991) discussed an appropriate family placement for these ascomycetes. If such features truly are significant at the family level, then consideration needs to be given to the possibility that the Nothofagus-inhabiting species (with its thin-walled asci and persistent, narrow paraphyses) should be in a genus distinct from the Northern Hemisphere species on Quercus.

Auf lebenden Blattern von Nothofagus cliffortioides. - Neu Seeland: Canterburg, Broken-River, 4.II.1902, leg. L. Diels Nr. 6345.
Fruchtgehause nur hypophyll, ohne echte Fleckenbildung, unregelmassig locker zerstreut oder in kleinen, meist nicht uber 6 mm grossen, ganz unregelmassig eckigen Gruppen etwas dichter beisammenstehend, dann oft zu 2-3 dicht gedrangt und am Grunde etwas verwachsen, aus rundlichem Umrisse flach halbkuglig vorgewolbt, sehr verscheiden gross, meist ca. 200-500 µ im Durchmesser, selten und dann wohl nur durch Zusammenfleissen noch etwas grosser werdend, vollstandig geschlossen, ohne Ostiolum, bei der Reife am Scheitel unregelmassig aufreissend, spater meist ganz zerfallend, subkutikular sich entwickelnd. Unten ist eine vollkommen ebene, gleichmassig ca. 20-25 µ dicke Basalschichte vorhanden, welche auf und in der Epidermis sich entwickelt und aus einem faserigen, sehr undeutlich kleizelligen, subhyalinen oder sehr hell gelblichbraun gefarbten Gewebe besteht. Vom Rande der Basalschichte erhebt sich die flach halbkuglig vorgewalbte Deckschichte fast unter einem rechten Winkel, ist unten ca. 18-20 µ dick, nimmt gegen die Mitte des Scheitels allmahlich an Starke zu, ist oben ca. 30-40 µ dick, von bruchig kohliger Beschaffenheit, bestehte aus einem parenchymatischen Gwewbe von rundlich eckigen, fast opak schwarzbraunen, innen kaum heller gefarbten, ziemlich dunnwandigen, meist ca. 4-5 µ grossen Zellen und ist innen mit einer sehr dunnen, subhyalinen Schichte uberzogen, von welcher zuweilen kurze, hyaline, bis ca. 15 µ lange, ca. 3 µ breite Hyphenended in den Konidienraum hineinragen. Aussen ist die tief schwarze, kaum oder nur schwach glanzende Deckschichte stets mit der Kutikula oder mit Resten derselben uberzogen. Konidian langlich ellipsoidisch oder langlich eiformig, zuweillen fast zylindrisch, beidendig kaum oder nur schwach verjungt, breit abgerundet, unten oft mit einer flachen, undeutlichen, abgestutzten Ansatzstelle des Tragers, gerade, selten etwas ungleichseitig, einzellig, hyalin, spater gelbgrunlich oder sehr hell grunlichbraun, mit homogenem, ziemlich grobkornigem Plasma dicht erfullt und deutlich sichtbarem, ca. 0.75 µ dickem Epispor, 28-36/13-16 µ. Konidientrager nur unten, die Innanflache der Basalschichte sehr dicht und gleichmasig uberziehend, zylindrisch stabchenformig oder gestutzt kegelformig, gegen die Spitz hin meist deutlich verjungt, kraftig, einfach, 4-10 µ selten bis ca. 12 µ lang, unten 2-3 µ dick. Die ganze Innenflache des Konidienraumes wird von einer sehr verscheiden, unten bis uber 50 µ, an der Deckschichte meist ca. 20-30 µ dicken, hyalinen, nicht naher differenzierten oder undeutlich und sparlich feinkornigen Schleimkruste uberzogen, welche sich im ziemlich schwer auflost.

Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924

Maculae indeterminatae, parum distinctae, flavidulae, saepe deficientes; stromata epiphylla, per folium irregulariter dispersa discreta vel subinde bina aut trina confluentia, ambitu orbicularia vel angulosa, atra, subnitentia, subcuticularia, 0.75-1.5 mm diam., plurilocularia, ex hyphis angustis 1.5-2 µ tantum crassis parallele positis brunneolis contexta, basi plana 6-10 µ tantum crassa, clypeo aterrimo 30-40 µ crasso; loculi ,applanati 300-400 µ lati, 170-200 µ alti; asci late clavato-cylindracei, ad apicem rotundati, breviter pedicellati, 80-120 x 25-35 µ, octospori; sporae plerumque irregulariter distichae, oblongae, rectae vel lenissime inaequilaterae, continuae, utrinque late rotundatae, hyalinae, 32-37 x 10-12 µ; paraphyses copiosissimae, filiformes, ca. 1 µ crassae.
Das Typus exemplar no. 987 enthält sehr schön die Schlauchform während no. 992 ausschliesslich die dazugehörigen Konidien aufweist. An letzterem Exemplar sind die Stromata auf beiden Blattseiten entwickelt. Die Konidien enstehen unmittelbar auf den Zellen der Basalschicht ohne Träger, und erreichen bei völliger Reife genau dieselbe Form und Grösse wie die Askosporen.
Hab. in foliis Nothofagi fuscae, Rere Lake, Otago, 5.4.1922, leg. W. D. Reid, no. 987 (typus); N. cliffortioidis, Rere Lake, Otago, 5.4.1921, leg. W. D. Reid, no. 992: (conidia tantum).

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Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. (1924)
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. (1924)
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. (1924)
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. (1924)
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. (1924)
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. (1924)
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. (1924)
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. (1924)
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924
Trabutia nothofagi Syd. (1924)

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Trabutia nothofagi Syd. 1924
[Not available]

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typification
Hab. in foliis Nothofagi fuscae, Rere Lake, Otago, [New Zealand], 5.4.1922, leg. W. D. Reid, PDD 987 (typus)

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1cb1a79d-36b9-11d5-9548-00d0592d548c
scientific name
Names_Fungi
14 September 2012
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