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Nag Raj, T.R. 1993: Coelomycetous Anamorphs with Appendage-bearing Conidia. Mycologue Publications.

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Nag Raj, T.R. 1993: Coelomycetous Anamorphs with Appendage-bearing Conidia. Mycologue Publications.
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Specimen examined: DAOM 215271 [Paratype], Wellington, New Zealand, X1.1965, R.W. Balham.

Foliicolous. Conidiomata stromatic, acervular, amphigenous, scattered to gregarious, subepidermal in origin, innate-erumpent, oval to rounded or irregular in outline, 170-300 µm wide, 80-130 µm deep, unilocular, glabrous, dark brown to black, dehiscing by an irregular rupture of the overlying host tissue, often with the conidia extruded in long dark brown cirrhi; basal stroma 10-20 µm thick, of textura angularis, cells pale brown, smooth. Conidiophores arising from the upper cells of the basal stroma, reduced to Condiogenous cells, rarely 1-septate and branched, almost colourless, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells lageniform to subcylindrical, almost colourless, smooth, 7-13 X 2-3 [mean = 9.2 X 2.5] µm, with up to 5 annellations. Conidia acerose, mostly 4-septate, occasionally 3- to 5-septate, periclinal wall in the median part thicker than the transverse septa, wall smooth and slightly constricted at the septa, 44-73 X 3-4 [mean = 62 X 3.5] µm, bearing appendages; basal cell obconic with a truncate base bearing minute marginal frills and a dark attachment scar, colourless in the basal part, almost colourless above, 7-9.5 [mean = 8] µm long; 3 (or 2, or 4) median cells cylindrical, almost colourless, together (20-)24-47 [mean = 35] µm long (second cell from base 9-15 [mean = 13.2] µm, central cell 7-14 [mean = 11.4] µm, fourth cell from base 8-16 [mean = 13] µm long); apical cell conic, almost colourless in the basal part, colourless above, 12-28 [mean = 19] µm long (including appendage), abruptly attenuated at the apex into a single, unbranched, tubular appendage 2-9 µm long; basal appendage tubular, single, unbranched, attenuated, flexuous, excentric, 5-11 [mean = 8] µm long; mean conidium length/width ratio = 17.5:1.

Presumed holomorph: Discostromopsis leptospermi Swart, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 73: 218, 1979. Bagnall & Sheridan (1972) and Swart (1979) reported the fungus on L. juniperinum from Australia.

Known distribution: New Zealand.
Habitat: On dead leaves of Leptospermum scoparium.
Specimen examined: DAOM 215250 [Holotype], Hongis Track, Scenic Reserve, Hwy. 30, New Zealand, 12.1 1974, B.Kendrick (KNZ 246b).
Foliicolous. Conidiomata stromatic, indeterminate, hypophyllous, occasionally amphigenous, scattered to gregarious, rarely confluent, appearing as indistinct, minute, rounded to oval, dull brown specks, intra-epidermal to subepidermal in origin, immersed or partly erumpent, subconical in sectional view, 100-140 µm diam., 70-100 µm deep, unilocular, locules 50-80 µm diam., 30-50 µm deep, glabrous, dark brown; lacking an ostiole, but opening by an irregular split in the apical wall; wall 10-15 µm thick, of textura angularis, cells thick-walled, dark brown. Conidiophores arising all around the cavity of the conidioma, mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells, occasionally branched and 1-septate at the base, colourless, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells narrow conical to ampulliform, colourless, thin-walled, smooth, 4-7 X 2-3 [mean = 5.5 X 2.5] µm, with up to 3 annellations. Conidia fusiform to naviculate, 3-septate, septa thin, wall thin, smooth and without constrictions at the septa, colourless, 10-18 X 2-2.5 [mean = 14 X 2.2] µm, bearing appendages; basal cell cuneiform with a truncate base, 3.5-5 [mean = 4.2] µm long; median cells 2, cuboid to short cylindric, together 4.5-6.5 [mean = 5.5] µm long (second cell from the base 2-3 [mean = 2.5] µm long, third cell 2.5-3.5 [mean = 3] µm long); apical cell narrow conical with an acute apex, 3.5-6 [mean = 4.7] µm long; appendages filiform, flexuous, unbranched; apical appendage single, polar, (4-)5-7 [mean = 6] µm long; basal appendage single, polar, excentric, 5-7 [mean = 6] µm long; mean conidium length/width ratio = 6.4:1.
Known distribution: New Zealand.
Habitat: On dead leaf of Beilschmeidia taraire.
Foliicola. Conidiomata stromatica, indeterminata, hypophylla, subinde amphigena, dissita vel gregaria, raro confluentia, atque quasi guttae indistinctae, minutae, orbiculares vel ovales, brunneae visa, origine intraepidermalia vel subepidermalia, immersa vel partim erumpentia, subconica, 100-140 µm lat., 70-100 µm alt., unilocularia, glabra, atrobrunnea, loculo 50-80 µm lat., 30-50 µm alt., sine ostiolo, sed per rimam parietis apicalis dehiscentia; paries 10-15 µm cr., e textura angulari, cellulis crassitunicatis et atrobrunneis compositus. Conidiophora circum cavitatem conidiomatis orientia, vulgo ad cellulas conidiogenas reducta, interdum ramosa et 1-septata, hyalina, in muco involuta. Cellulae conidiogenae anguste conicae vel ampulliformes, hyalinae, tenuitunicatae, laeves, 4-7 X 2-3 [mean = 5.5 X 2.5] µm, usque ad ter prolificantes. Conidia fusiformia vel naviculata, 3-septata, septis tenuibus, pariete tenui, laevi, sine constrictione ulla ad septa, hyalina, 10-18 X 2-2.5 [mean = 14 X 2.2] µm, appendices ferentia; cellula basalis cuneiformis, basi truncata, 3.5-5 [x = 4.2] µm long.; cellulae medianae duae, cuboideae vel brevicylindraceae, ambae simul 4.5-6.5 [x = 5.5] µm long. (a basi cellula secunda 2-3 [mean = 2.5] µm, tertia 2.5-3.5 [mean = 3] µm); cellula apicali anguste conica, apice acuto, 3.5-6 [mean = 4.7] µm long.; appendices filiformes, flexuosae, nonramosae; appendix apicalis singularis, polaris, (4-)5-7 [mean = 6] µm long.; appendix basalis singularis, polaris, excentrica, 5-7 [mean = 6] µm long.; ratione conidii long./lat. = 6.4:1.
Specimens examined: 1. PDD 41572 [Holotype], on P. totara, Forest Hill Scenic Reserve, 18 mi. N of Invercargill, New Zealand, 18.v.1974, B.Kendrick (KNZ 707); 2. DAOM 215263, on Podocarpus sp. in litter, Tunnel entrance, Milford, New Zealand, 1.IV 1980, B.Kendrick; 3. DAOM 315326, on leaves of Podocarpus hallii, Governor's Bush Track, Mt. Cook National Park, South Island, New Zealand, 3.IV1980, B.Kendrick.
Foliicolous. Conidiomata stromatic, pycnidioid, amphigenous, scattered to gregarious and confluent, intra-epidermal in origin, immersed, eventually becoming erumpent, elongate-oval to irregular in outline, broadly conical in section, up to 300 µm long, 170-230 µm wide and 90-140 µm deep, irregularly plurilocular with convoluted locules, glabrous, dark brown to black, initially closed, ultimately with one to three, circular to oval, openings in the apical wall, 30-40 µm diam., covered with a pearl white or cream, gloeoid globule or conidial cirrhi; wall 15-20 µm thick, of textura angularis with thick-walled, brown to dark brown cells. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, lining the locules, and invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells subcylindrical to broadly conical, mostly colourless, occasionally darker in the lower part, smooth, 5-8 X 2-4 [mean = 6.5 X 2.9] µm, with two to three proliferations. Conidia fusiform with somewhat apiculate ends, unicellular, colourless, thin- and smooth-walled, 8.5-14 X 3-4.5 [mean = 11.5 X 3.9] µm, with funnel-shaped to irregular, mucoid appendages at both ends.
Known distribution: New Zealand.
Habitat: On leaves of Podocarpus hallii, P. totara and Podocarpus sp. in litter.
Conidiomata stromatic, pycnidioid, immersed, eventually becoming erumpent, irregularly plurilocular with convoluted locules, glabrous, dark brown to black, initially closed, ultimately dehiscing by several circular to oval openings in the apical wall and covered with a pearl white or cream, gloeoid globule or conidial cirrhi; wall of textura angularis with thick-walled, brown to dark brown cells. Conidiophores lining the locules, reduced to conidiogenous cells and invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells discrete, subcylindrical to broadly conical, colourless, smooth. Conidiogenesis: ontogeny by apical wall building in the first conidium and by replacement wall-building in subsequent conidia; maturation by diffuse wall-building synchronous with ontogeny; delimitation by a double septum; secession schizolytic; proliferation, of conidiogenous cell enteroblastic-percurrent to produce additional conidia at the same or slightly higher level; conidiogenous cells with marked periclinal thickenings in the collarette zone; regeneration of conidiogenous cells absent. Conidia fusiform with somewhat apiculate ends, unicellular, colourless, thin-walled, smooth, with funnel-shaped to irregular, mucoid appendages of type H at both ends, arising by gelatinization of appendage primordia at the poles of the developing conidia.
Conidiomata stromatica, pycnidioidea, initio immersa, deinde erumpentia, irregulatim plurilocularia loculis convolutes, glabra, atrobrunnea vel nigra, initio clausa, postremo per aliquot foramina circularia vel ovalia parietis apicalis dehiscentia, globulo viscido vel cirrho conidiorum albido vel eburneo velata; paries e textura angulari cellulis crassitunicatis, brunneis vel atrobrunnees compositus. Conidiophora circum cavitatem loculorum enascentia, ad cellulas conidiogenas redacta, in muco involuta. Cellulae conidiogenae discretae, subcylindraceae vel late conicae, hyalinae, laeves. Conidiogenesis: ontogenea holoblastica; maturatio conidiorum cum ontogenea synchrona; delimitatio per septum duplex; secessio schizolytica, proliferatio cellularum conidiogenarum enteroblastica, conidia plura ad locos eosdem aut altiores successive producens; cellulae conidiogenae in zona collarali crassitiebus periclinalibus notatis praeditae; regeneratio cellularum conidiogenarum nulla. Conidia fusiformia, extremitatibus aliquantum apiculatis, unicellularia, hyalina, tenuitunicata, laevia, utrinque appendices mucosas infundibuliformes vel irregulares ferentia; appendices per gelatisationem zonarum certarum parietis ad polos conidiorum crescentium orientes.
Zelandiocoela, with its bipolar mucoid conidium appendages, is likely to be confused with several other coelomycete genera. The conidium appendages in Allantophomopsis Petrak, Hymenopsis Saccardo, and Koorchaloma Subramanian are of type C, while the appendages in Mirimyces Nag Raj, Tiarospora Saccardo & Marchal, and Zelandiocoela are of type H. In Mirimyces, the appendage arises from a torus of mucus resulting from gelatinization of appendage primordia - convex lens-shaped wall areas, subapical in position, and delimited at an early stage of conidium development. In Tiarospora and Zelandiocoela, the appendage primordia on the developing conidia are bipolar, conic and obconic in shape. The differences between Tiarospora and Zelandiocoela outweigh the similarity. The conidia in Tiarospora are thick-walled, eventually pigmented and 1-septate, while in Zelandiocoela the conidia are thin-walled, colourless and unicellular. Another feature present in Tiarospora, but absent in Zelandiocoela, is the microconidiogenous cells lining the ostiolar channel in the neck region of the conidioma.
Type anamorph-species: Zelandiocoela ambigua (Nag Raj & Kendrick) Nag Raj. Teleomorph: Unknown.

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30 October 2012
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