Tylopilus formosus G. Stev. 1962 [1961]

Caption:

Details

Name scientific

Tylopilus formosus G. Stev., Kew Bull. 15 381 (1962 [1961])

Preferred name

Tylopilus formosus G. Stev. 1962 [1961]

Taxonomy reference

Wu, Gang; Li, Yan-Chun; Zhu, Xue-Tai; Zhao, Kuan; Han, Li-Hong; Cui, Yang-Yang; Li, Fang; Xu, Jian-Ping; Yang, Zhu L. 2016: One hundred noteworthy boletes from China. Fungal Diversity 81(1): 25-188.

Biostatus

Origin

Occurrence

Georegion

Schema

Biostatus source

Comment

Endemic

Present

New Zealand

Political Region

Anon

Nomenclature

Authors

G. Stev.

Original authors

G. Stev.

Publication place

Stevenson, G. 1962: The Agaricales of New Zealand: I. Kew Bulletin 15(3): 381–385.

Year published

1962

Year on publication

1961

Publication page

381

Nomenclatural status

invalidly published

No type designated. Two collections listed.

Nomenclatural code

ICN

Basionym

Tylopilus formosus G. Stev. 1962 [1961]

Taxonomic rank

species

Canonical form

Tylopilus formosus

Classification

Kingdom

Fungi

Phylum

Basidiomycota

Class

Agaricomycetes

Order

Boletales

Family

Boletaceae

Genus

Tylopilus

Species

formosus

Vernacular names

Language of use: English

Velvet Bolete

Synonyms

Associations

View full associations record

Association type

Associated organism

Association source

has host

Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. 1983

Gadgil, P.D. (in association with Dick, M.A.; Hood, I.A.; Pennycook, S.R.) (2005)

has host

Nothofagus

McKenzie, E.H.C.; Buchanan, P.K.; Johnston, P.R. (2000)

has host

Beilschmiedia tawa (A.Cunn.) Kirk

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Fuscospora

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Fuscospora fusca

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Fuscospora truncata

PDD (2 records from [Not available].)

has host

Kunzea

PDD (3 records from [Not available].)

has host

Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. 1983

PDD (2 records from [Not available].)

has host

Kunzea linearis (Kirk) de Lange & Toelken 2014

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Leptospermum

PDD (10 records from [Not available].)

has host

Leptospermum ericoides

PDD (12 records from [Not available].)

has host

Leptospermum scoparium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

PDD (10 records from [Not available].)

has host

Lophozonia menziesii (Hook.f.) Heenan & Smissen 2013

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagaceae

PDD (7 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus

PDD (18 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus cliffortioides

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus fusca (Hook.f.) Oerst.

PDD (15 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus menziesii (Hook.f.) Oerst.

PDD (18 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus solandri (Hook.f.) Oerst.

PDD (7 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook.f.) Poole

PDD (3 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus truncata (Colenso) Cockayne

PDD (7 records from [Not available].)

has host

Pinus

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Hypomyces chlorinigenus Rogerson & Samuels 1989

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Hypomyces chrysospermus Tul. & C. Tul. 1860

PDD (2 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Sepedonium Link 1809

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

Descriptions

Cooper, J.A. 2014-: Studies of New Zealand agaric type collections not deposited in PDD (unpublished).

Tylopilus formosus G. Stev. 1962 [1961]

Distribution

K(m) 235256, Stevenson 968. Peter J did not photograph this type. The pileus is minutely squamulose and the pores are excavated near the stipe. Spores length=10.2–12.4µm (µ=11.5, σ=0.56), width=3.7–5.3µm (µ=4.3, σ=0.39), Q=2.2–3.2µm (µ=2.67, σ=0.23), n=21. The pileipellis structure may serve to distinguish the two closely related species which have been referred to T. formosus. The type resembles the version with an attenuated stipe apex, excavated pores around the stipe apex, and dark brown/black but not strong violaceous colours (my #2). That is supported by Stevenson's description which does not mention violaceous colours.

Gadgil, P.D. (in association with Dick, M.A.; Hood, I.A.; Pennycook, S.R.) 2005: Fungi on trees and shrubs in New Zealand. Fungi of New Zealand. 4. Fungal Diversity Press.

Tylopilus formosus G. Stev. 1962 [1961]

Description

Type: Mycorrhizal Fungi; Description: Basidiomata pileate. Pileus chocolate brown to dark brownish black, 60–150 mm in diameter, convex to applanate, velutinate, dry; flesh white. Pore surface excavated around apex of stipe; tubes yellowish white becoming pale brownish orange at maturity, up to 16 mm long; pores concolorous with tubes, oval to irregularly angular, 0.5–1 mm in diameter. Stipe tapering towards the apex, concolorous with the pileus or slightly paler, finely granular, annulus absent, 50–110 mm long. Basidiospores elliptical, 0-septate, 10–14 × 4–6 μm, smooth, pale yellow. DISTRIBUTION: Auckland, Wellington, Nelson, Buller, Mid Canterbury.

Distribution

Distribution: Auckland, Wellington, Nelson, Buller, Mid Canterbury.; 1st Record: McNabb (1968).

Notes

Pathogenicity

Significance: Field observations strongly suggest that the fungus is a mycorrhizal partner of the plants listed above (McNabb 1968).; Host(s): Kunzea ericoides, Leptospermum scoparium, Nothofagus fusca, N. menziesii, N. solandri var. solandri, N. solandri var. cliffortioides, N. truncata.

McNabb, R.F.R. 1968: The Boletaceae of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 6(2): 137-176.

Tylopilus formosus G. Stev. 1962 [1961]

Collections Examined

COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: Under (1) Leptospermum ericoides, Auckland, Titirangi, Jun 1964, R. S. Lediard, 23603; Mar, Jun 1966, Apr 1967, R.F.R. McN„ 25063, 25068, 25220, 25749-51, 25665, 25794; Waitakere Ranges, Pararaha Gorge, Mar 1965, J. McLean, 25258; Waitakere Filter Station, May 1966, R.F.R. McN„ 25206; (2) L. scoparium, Titirangi, Jun 1932, M. Hodgkins, 3848: Birkenhead, Sep 1932, M.H., 3895; Riverhead State Forest, Jun 1964, R.F.R. McN., 23605; Huia, Jan 1966, R.F.R. McN., 25257. (3) Nothofagus fusca, Westland, Granville State Forest, Apr 1963, J. M. Dingley. 23792; Nelson, Maruia, Mar 1966, R.F.R. McN., 25178. (4) N. menziesii, Rahu Saddle, Mar 1966, R.F.R. McN„ 25179. (5) N. solandri, Lake Rotoiti, 5 Mar 1955, G. Cone 968, (HOLOTYPE, K); Canterbury, Alford Forest, Feb 1965, R. M. J. Mackenzie, 24312. (6) N. fusca and N. menziesii, Maruia, Mar 1966, R.F.R. McN„ 25176; J. A. McRobb, 25177. (7) Nothofagus sp., Wellington, York Bay, Mar 1922, E. H. Atkinson, 702. (8) unknown native trees, Auckland, Laingholm, Dee 1930, M.H., 3002.

Description

PILEUS: convex, plano-convex or applanate, 6-15 cm diam., dry, velutinate, occasionally almost subglabrous in areas at maturity, chocolate brown to dark brownish black, sometimes with deep purplish tints; cuticle a trichodermium, composed of erect, branched, septate hyphae 5.5-12 n diam.. Terminal cells acuminate or bluntly acuminate, with dark brown contents, often becoming disorganised at maturity, and terminal cells aggregated into tufts; margin entire, often extending beyond pores and incurved, sterile. HYMENOPHORE: tubes to 16mm long, excavated around apex of stipe, very occasionally adnate, ivory to fawn when young, becoming pallid brownish orange at maturity; pores concolorous with tubes or slightly darker at maturity, oval to irregularly angular, 0.5-1 mm diam.. STIPE: 5-11 cm long, tapering apically to 2 cm diam., expanded basally to 3.5 cm diam., solid or slightly stuffed at maturity, dry, finely granular to furfuraceous by aggregation of caulocystidia, occasionally faintly reticulate at extreme apex, concolorous with pileus or slightly paler apically, sometimes with deep purplish tints; flesh white; annulus absent. SPORES: spore print brownish orange with pink tints (between Sayal Brown and Wood Brown); spores pallid stramineous, elliptic-subfusiform to broadly elliptical, 9.8-14.2-(15) X 4-5.3 µm., smooth. HYMENIUM: basidia hyaline, clavate, 21-33 X 7.5-11.5 µm., 4-spored; cystidia numerous, crowded at tube mouths, hyaline or brownish, thin-walled, obclavate, lageniform or ventricose-rostrate, 37-67 X 10-16µm.. HYMENOPHORAL TRAMA: bilateral, of the Boletus subtype; clamp connections absent. CONTEXT OF PILEUS: white, unchanging on exposure to air. TASTE: extremely acrid and bitter. SMELL: not distinctive. CHEMICAL REACTIONS: KOH and NH4OH on pileus and context of pileus—no reaction.

Habitat

HABITAT: Solitary, gregarious, or caespitose under native broadleaved trees and shrubs.

Illustrations

ILLUSTRATIONS: Stevenson, Kew Bull. 15: pl. 2, fig. 1, la. 1961.

Notes

The above description differs from that of Stevenson in that cystidia are numerous and distinct, the range in spore size is considerably greater, and the spore print is brownish orange. The unchanging, bitter tasting context which does not stain yellow with KOH indicates that Tylopilus formosus belongs in sect. Tylopilus as defined by Singer (1962).

Field observations strongly suggest that T. formosus is capable of forming mycorrhizal associations with both Nothofagus and Leptospermum.

Tylopilus formosus may be recognised by the velutinate, dark brownish-black pileus and stipe, pallid brownish-orange hymenophore, and white, bitter tasting context.

Typification

TYPE LOCALITY: Lake Rotoiti, Nelson, New Zealand.

Stevenson, G. 1962: The Agaricales of New Zealand: I. Kew Bulletin 15(3): 381–385.

Tylopilus formosus G. Stev. 1962 [1961]

Description

Pileus 4-9 cm. diam., dry, dark blackish brown, velvety, margin inrolled, flesh white, firm, not changing colour when cut; pellicle of dermatocystidia 30 x 6-8meach containing droplets or granules of pigment, arranged in a loose palisade layer. Pores 0.5-1 mm. diam., tubes 3-6 mm. long, pale pink fawn, tube layer readily separable, depressed round the stipe. Stipe 4-8 X 1.5-3 cm., dark blackish brown, velvety, tapering upwards, white at base, flesh white and firm, surface of stipe without dermatocystidia of cap but with pigment in hyphal ends and some trichocystidia. Spores 10-11 X 3-4um, colourless, thin-walled, print practically colourless with a pink-fawn tinge, no cystidia seen.

Habitat

HABITAT: under Nothofagus solandri and N. fusca near Lake Rotoiti, Nelson, 5.3.1955, Stevenson. Dun Mt., Nelson, 12.4.1955, S. Poague. Milford Track, Otago, 25.1.1957, Stevenson. Silverstream, Wellington, 21.4.1958, H. Druce.

Latin

Pileus 4-9 cm. diam., convexus demum applantus, margine involuto, siccus, velutinus, atrobrunneus, cuticula dermatocystidiis vallem efformantibus composita ; caro firma, alba, immutabilis. Pori usque ad 0.5-1 mm. diam., pallide roSeo-hinnulei, ad stipitem rotundato-adnati; tubuli 3-6 mm. longi, poris Concolores, e carne facile separabiles. Stipes 4-8 X 1.5-3 cm., obclavatus, basi incrassatus, velutinus, atrobrunneus; caro firma, alba, immutabilis. Sporae 10-11 X 3-4um, hyalinae, ellipsoideae, muris tenuibus (Pl. 2/1a), in cumulo tantum non coloratum sed roseo-hinnuleum tinctum.

Pathogenicity

Typification

Typus: Stevenson 968