Open to dense, stiff tufts or small tussocks, 6-35-(55) cm tall; innovations extravaginal. Leaf-sheaths subcoriaceous, distinctly nerved, smooth and glabrous, or sparsely scabrous to densely scaberulous between nerves, light green to light brown, rarely purplish; ligule 0.5-2 mm, truncate, abaxially smooth or rarely sparsely ciliate-scabrous; leafblades 2.5-15 cm × 0.3-1.5 mm, folded with inrolled margins, setaceous to filiform or wiry, abaxially smooth, or rarely scabrous, adaxially scabrous on nerves, margins sparsely scabrous, narrowed to blunt tip. Culms 4-35 cm tall, erect or curved, sometimes geniculate at base, either distinctly scabrous below panicle (most North I. plants), to slightly scabrous near panicle or completely smooth; nodes usually inconspicuous. Panicle 2—5.5—(11) cm × (2)—3—18— (22) mm, ± loosely spiciform, narrowly branched, widest at anthesis, later becoming contracted; rachis, branchlets and pedicels densely scabrous, or rachis smooth, with branchlets scabrous or smooth. Spikelets 3-5.5 mm, greenish or purplish, becoming pale brown. Glumes 1-3-nerved, linear- to elliptic-lanceolate, acute, membranous, often scabrous near tip and on upper part of midnerve. Lemma (2)-2.4- 3.8 mm, usually slightly <¾ length of glumes, submembranous, smooth to finely papillose, sometimes finely scabrous above, ovate-lanceolate, tip hyaline, truncate, denticulate; awn 2-4.5 mm, usually stout and reflexed, projecting from between glumes, occasionally slightly twisted at base, from upper 1/3 of lemma or about mid-dorsal. Palea slightly < to ± = lemma, keels scabrous in upper ½ and interkeels sometimes sparsely scabrous, tip obtuse or bifid. Callus hairs rather dense, 1.5-2.5 mm, c. ½-2/3 length of lemma, very rarely = lemma. Lodicules 0.6- 1 mm, lanceolate, subacute. Rachilla 1-1.5 mm, tipped by a strong tuft of hairs 1-2 mm reaching top of lemma or slightly overtopping lemma. Anthers 0.6-1.4 mm. Caryopsis 1.6-2.2 × 0.4-0.9 mm. Endemic.

Dark green to grey-green usually slender tufts (12)- 20-110 cm tall; innovations extravaginal. Leafsheaths firmly membranous, obviously nerved, smooth, or rarely scabrous near ligule, brownish, sometimes purplish; ligule 0.5-4.5 mm, truncate or tapered, ciliate across top and abaxially; leaf-blades (2)-4-15-(24) cm, inrolled and 0.3-1.5 mm diam., abaxially smooth, very rarely scabrous, adaxially scabrous, margins scabrous, tip acute, scabrous. Culms (7.5)-15-75 cm tall, varying in diameter, usually 0.3-0.5 mm diam. in plants with cleistogamous flowers and 0.8-2.5-(3) mm diam. in plants with chasmogamous flowers, erect or curved upwards from decumbent base, smooth. Panicle (1)- 3.5-20-(28) cm × 1.5-17 mm, erect or ± nodding, shining, lanceolate, cylindric above, narrowly branched, the lower branchlets ± distant, with spikelets densely crowded throughout branches; rachis smooth, branchlets and pedicels sparsely scaberulous. Spikelets 3-7 mm, 1-(2)-flowered, light green to purplish green. Glumes 1-nerved, lanceolate, acute to acuminate, smooth, but midnerve minutely scabrous in upper 2/3. Lemma 2.8-5.3 mm, slightly < glumes, firmly membranous, minutely scabrous-papillose, narrow elliptic-lanceolate, involute, acute or occasionally finely bifid; awn 4.5- 8.5 mm, from lower 1/3 of lemma and overtopping glumes. Palea ± = lemma, keels scabrous in upper 2/3, tip acute to subacute. Callus hairs few, to c. 1 mm, 1/5-1/3 length of lemma or shorter. Lodicules 0.5- 1 mm, ovate-lanceolate, subacute. Rachilla (0.5)- 0.8-1.5-(2) mm, tipped by an almost equally long, slender tuft of fine hairs reaching to 2/3 length of lemma. Anthers 0.2-0.7-(1.2) mm in cleistogamous flowers, (0.5)-0.8-1.4-(2) mm in chasmogamous flowers. Caryopsis 1.5-2.3 × 0.4-0.9 mm. Endemic.

Tufted perennials, sometimes rhizomatous; innovations extravaginal. Leaf-sheaths rounded at back; ligule membranous; leaf-blades flat, involute, convolute or conduplicate. Culms erect, or decumbent at base, persistent at maturity; nodes glabrous. Inflorescence paniculate, contracted and + spicate, often lobed below, or sometimes more lax, persistent. Spikelets 1-flowered, rarely 2-flowered, laterally compressed; rachilla disarticulating above glumes, usually prolonged beyond floret and tipped by a tuft of silky hairs or rarely by a floret, sometimes rachilla prolongation glabrous and very short or not visible under the light microscope. Glumes ± equal and equalling the spikelet, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, membranous to submembranous, 1-(3)- nerved, keel scabrous. Lemma usually < glumes and firmer, submembranous to subcoriaceous, lanceolate, usually minutely 2-4-toothed, rounded at back, hairless, ± scabrous, + obscurely 5-nerved, with lateral nerves occasionally excurrent; awn dorsal, scabrous, geniculate or straight, inserted from near base of lemma to slightly above midpoint of lemma, to subterminal in several Australian species, rarely 0. Palea slightly < to ± = lemma, hyaline, 2- keeled. Lodicules 2, lanceolate or linear, acute to obtuse, membranous, glabrous. Callus short, blunt, with minute hairs, or the hairs to 2/3 or rarely almost equalling lemma, rarely glabrous. Stamens 3; anthers not penicillate (except D. youngii). Ovary glabrous; styles distinct, free to base, short; stigmas 2, plumose. Caryopsis compressed, fusiform to oblong or obovoid; embryo small; endosperm doughy or dry.

Variable, rather slender to robust, dense or lax tufts, 15-125 cm tall, with culms erect or curved upwards from base, much overtopping leaves; innovations extravaginal. Leaf-sheaths subcoriaceous, keeled above, distinctly nerved, smooth or finely scabrous or rarely short-ciliate on nerves, greenish brown; ligule 1.5—3.5—(6) mm, oblong, truncate, erose or finely ciliate across top, abaxially smooth; leafblades 2.5-15-(20) cm × 0.5-3.5-(6) mm, flat or inrolled, abaxially smooth or finely scabrous on nerves, adaxially strongly ribbed, margins finely scabrous, tip long-tapered, acute to acuminate, finely scabrous. Culms (10)—15—105 cm tall, smooth or faintly scabrous. Panicle 3-25-(35) × 0.4-2 cm, narrow-linear, cylindric, or up to 3.5 cm wide and lobed below; rachis smooth to scaberulous, branchlets finely scabrous, usually ± appressed to rachis or slightly spreading in larger panicles, densely covered with spikelets almost to base, pedicels scabrous. Spikelets (3)-3.5-4-(5) mm, greenish to purplish. Glumes 1-nerved, hyaline, elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, scabrous on midnerve and sometimes elsewhere, margins scaberulous. Lemma 2-3.5-(4) mm, c. ¾ length of glumes, submembranous to firm, smooth and shining below, and finely scabrous near tip, or lightly scabrous to distinctly scabrous-papillose throughout, narrow-lanceolate, tip denticulate with lateral nerves excurrent as 4 minute awns; central awn 1.6-6 mm, geniculate, usually arising from lower 1/3 of lemma, often sub-basal, occasionally almost mid-dorsal, ± enclosed by glumes or projecting beyond glumes. Palea slightly < lemma, hyaline, keels faintly scabrous in upper ½. Callus hairs wispy, 0.4-1 mm, c. 1/3 length of lemma. Lodicules c. 0.3 mm, linear, obtuse. Rachilla 0, or 0.05-0.3 mm, including hairs if any. Anthers 0.3-1.3-(l.8) mm. Caryopsis 1.5-2 × 0.4-0.7 mm. Also indigenous to Australia.

Tufts rather narrow, 30-130 cm tall; innovations extravaginal. Leaf-sheaths chartaceous with membranous margins, distinctly nerved, smooth or finely ciliate, light green to light brown; ligule 0.8-2.5 mm, truncate, ciliate to lacerate across top, abaxially smooth, or densely ciliate-scabrous; leaf-blades 12- 35-(60) cm × 1-4 mm, stiff, flat to frequently rolled, especially towards tip, abaxially smooth, adaxially distinctly ridged and finely scabrous on ridges, margins finely scabrous, tip filiform, acute. Culms 40-115 cm, mostly smooth, but sparsely scabrous below panicle; nodes conspicuous. Panicle 7—16— (22) cm × 5-23 mm, linear-lanceolate, shortly and narrowly branched, or more open below; rachis smooth, branchlets slightly scabrous, with ± densely crowded spikelets on slightly scabrous pedicels. Spikelets 4.5-7.5 mm, light green or purplish. Glumes 1-nerved, submembranous, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, scabrous on surface near tip, keel scabrous throughout. Lemma (4)-5-6 mm, slightly < glumes, subcoriaceous, scabrous throughout, elliptic-lanceolate, tip denticulate; awn (0.5)—1— 3 mm, straight, from upper 1/3 of lemma or rarely mid-dorsal, usually barely reaching lemma tip but occasionally overtopping it, rarely awn 0. Palea ± = lemma, scabrous on and between keels. Lodicules 0.6-0.8 mm, linear, acute. Callus hairs fine, ± dense, c. ½ length of lemma. Rachilla 1.5-2.5 mm, tipped by dense tuft of fine hairs 2-3-(3.5) mm, almost reaching lemma tip. Anthers 1.2-1.9 mm, penicillate. Caryopsis 2.5-3 × 0.7-1 mm. Endemic.

Lax, bluish green, perennial tufts, 15-35 cm tall, usually with narrow, involute leaves and very lax panicles; innovations extravaginal, each shoot with 1-2 blunt-tipped sheaths at base and with the lowest leaf blade often much reduced. Leaf-sheaths submembranous, distinctly nerved, smooth or sometimes scabrous above; ligule (1.5)—2.5-4.5 mm, tapered above to acute tip or denticulate, abaxially scabrous; leaf-blades 6-16 cm long, 0.4-0.8 mm diam. when inrolled and up to 1.2 mm wide if flat, abaxially smooth to scabrous (especially near tip), adaxially finely scabrous, margins finely scabrous, tip fine, obtuse. Culms 10-15 cm tall, slender, smooth, but usually enclosed by uppermost leaf sheath. Panicle (7)-10-16 × 1.5-12—(15) cm; branchlets few, long, filiform, ± closely, finely scabrous, each tipped by a single spikelet. Spikelets (4.5)-5-7 mm, light green. Glumes ± equal, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, midnerve scabrous on upper ½ - 2/3, hyaline margins scabrous near tip, or glumes sometimes sparsely scabrous throughout. Lemma (2.8)-3.2-3.7 mm, slightly <½ length of glumes, 5-nerved, densely covered throughout by long, silky hairs, oblong, truncate, lateral nerves minutely excurrent, rarely lemma less hairy near tip and scabrous nerves clearly visible; awn 4-5.5-(6) mm, very fine, straight or ± curved, ± mid-dorsal. Palea 2/3-¾ length of lemma, keels c. 0.1 mm apart, not excurrent at bifid tip. Callus hairs dense, 1.5- 2 mm, to 2/3 length of lemma. Lodicules 0.9-1.2 mm, linear. Rachilla 0.5-0.8 mm, tipped by a dense tuft of hairs 1-2 mm. Anthers 0.9-1.3 mm. Caryopsis c. 2 × 0.7-1 mm. Endemic.

Gramen perenne, aliquantum breve, laxum, paniculis laxis, spiculis longis, lemmatibusque longissimis praeditum. Lemma hyalinum, pilis densis obtectum; arista recta vel curvata. Palea lemmate aliquanto brevior. Callus et rachilla caespitulo pilorum densorum ornata. Attingit L. lyallii, differt autem paniculis laxioribus, spiculis paucioribus, lemmatibus longioribus dense pilosis, aristisque plus minusve rectis non geniculatis. L. elatae similis Iemmatis longitudine et aristae adspectu, differt autem praecipue lemmatibus dense pilosis et statura minore.

Stiff, bluish green perennial tufts, 10-60 cm tall, with capillary-branched panicles sometimes overtopped by leaves; innovations intravaginal. Leaf-sheaths chartaceous, with wide membranous margins, closely many-nerved, smooth but sometimes scaberulous above on nerves, light brown; ligule (1)-2-4.5 mm, tapered above, smooth to erose across top, abaxially scabrous; leaf-blades (5)-10-24 cm × 2.5-6-(10) mm, flat, rather harsh, scaberulous on nerves and on margins throughout, + abruptly narrowed to firm, ± blunt, ± hooded tip. Culms (4)-7-40 cm tail, erect, or decumbent at base, not projecting beyond upper leaf sheath, densely finely scabrous. Panicle 6-24 × 10-24 cm, lax, with long, whorled, ascending branchlets, later spreading and panicle becoming as broad as long; rachis scaberulous, branchlets scaberulous, spikelets borne singly at tips of ultimate panicle branches, pedicels thickened at tip. Spikelets (4)-5-6 mm, pale green to purplish. Glumes 1-(3)-nerved, narrow-lanceolate, acuminate, usually smooth, sometimes sparsely scabrous, with wide hyaline margins, midnerve scabrous. Lemma 3-4 mm, ± 2/3 length of glumes, hairless, smooth below, often scabrous above, especially on nerves, firmly membranous, shining, elliptic-lanceolate, with excurrent lateral nerves, produced to short awns 0.5-1 mm; central awn (4.5)-5-9 mm, fine, geniculate, from lower 1/3 of lemma or rarely mid-dorsal. Palea c. 2/3 lemma, hyaline with 2 faint keels near centre, keels finely scabrous near minutely bifid tip. Callus hairs ± dense, very short, 0.3-0.7 mm, c. 1/10 length of lemma. Lodicules slightly >0.5 mm, lanceolate, acute. Rachilla 0.5-1 mm, topped by a thick tuft of hairs 1-1.5 mm and almost = palea. Anthers (0.5)- 0.7-1 mm. Caryopsis 1.3-1.8 × 0.5-0.8 mm. Also indigenous to Australia.

Rather slender, perennial tufts, 30-80 cm tall, usually with narrow leaves and very lax panicles with few branches tipped by few spikelets; innovations extravaginal. Leaf-sheaths submembranous, with few, distinct nerves, very sparsely, finely scabrous throughout or only above; ligule 1.2—5—(8) mm, truncate and erose in lower leaves, tapering in upper leaves, abaxially scabrous; leaf-blades 3- 25 cm × 0.4-1.5-(2.5) mm, flat, or folded and ± involute, narrow-linear, abaxially almost smooth near base to closely scabrous near acute tip, adaxially ridged and scabrous on ridges, margins scabrous. Culms 6-50 cm tall, ± geniculate at base, minutely retrorsely scabrous above. Panicle 4-30 × 3-20-(30) cm, very lax at maturity, often wider than long; primary branchlets bare, capillary, finely scabrous, becoming horizontal or reflexed, the secondary branchlets much shorter, each tipped by a single spikelet. Spikelets 4-6 mm long, excluding awn, light green to purplish. Glumes ± equal, ellipticlanceolate, keel scabrous in upper 2/3, hyaline margin scabrous along edge in upper half, tip acute to sometimes acuminate. Lemma (2.5)—3—3.8 mm, c. ¾ length of glumes, 5-nerved, with scattered short hairs usually near margins on lower 2/3, or rarely glabrous, elliptic-oblong, truncate, denticulate, lateral nerves usually very shortly excurrent, margins and nerves finely scabrous near tip; awn (0.3)—1—5 mm, usually straight, sometimes curved, arising dorsally from just above mid-point of keel to just below lemma tip, rarely awn 0. Palea c. ½ length of lemma or shorter, keels ± distinct, c. 0.2 mm apart, tip shallowly bifid. Callus hairs to 1 mm, to 1/3 length of lemma. Lodicules 0.6-0.9 mm, linear, acute. Rachilla 0.1- 0.8 mm, with tuft of hairs to 1 mm, rarely rachilla 0. Anthers (0.6)-0.8-1.2 mm. Caryopsis 1.5-1.8 × 0.5-0.7 mm. Endemic.

Gramen perenne, elatum, tenue, foliis plerumque perangustis, paniculae ramulis laxissimis, in spiculis paucis grandioribus desinentibus. Lemma hyalinum, plerumque >3 mm, pilis brevibus, sparsis, plerumque prope margines ornatum, vel raro glabrum; arista recta, vel raro nulla. Palea lemmate dimidio brevior. Callus et rachilla caespitulo pilorum brevium ornata. L. lyallii accedit, differt autem paniculis laxioribus, spiculis paucioribus, lemmatibus longioribus, aristisque rectis non geniculatis.

Open, bluish green or light green, annual or shortlived perennial tufts, (12)-20-70 cm tall, whole plant often withering early and culms not breaking up below panicle; innovations intravaginal. Leafsheaths firmly membranous, distinctly nerved, glabrous below, very finely scabrous above, light green, later light brown; ligule (1)—2—5 mm, oblong, rounded across top or tapered, later lacerate, abaxially with sparse prickle teeth; leaf-blades 2.5- 8—(18) cm × 1.5-3 mm, usually flat, sometimes involute and 0.5-1 mm diam., both surfaces glabrous or scabrous on nerves, margins very finely scabrous, tip fine, acute. Culms 10-35 cm tall, erect to spreading, usually densely, minutely scabrous, occasionally glabrous. Panicle 9-30 × (0.5)-2-25 cm, delicate, enclosed at the base by the uppermost leaf sheath, at first contracted, later very lax; branchlets filiform, numerous, unequal, very finely scabrous, the main branchlets naked for much of their length, with spikelets in clusters of 2-several, towards tips of the much shorter capillary secondary branchlets. Spikelets 2.5-3.5-(4.2) mm, pale silvery green to purplish. Glumes subequal, acute to acuminate, with the lower glume usually slightly longer and more acuminate, very narrow linear-lanceolate, keel scabrous almost to base, elsewhere usually smooth, membranous. Lemma 1.3—2—(2.3) mm, ½-2/3 length of glumes, 5- nerved, moderately covered with very short hairs, oblong-ovate, glabrous near hyaline, truncate, erose tip, lateral nerves very shortly excurrent; awn 3 - 6 mm, geniculate, + mid-dorsal or from c. upper 1/3. Palea ¾-4/5 lemma, keels c. 0.1 mm apart, tip subobtuse. Callus with dense ring of minute hairs 0.3- 0.4 mm, to ¼ length of lemma. Lodicules 0.5- 0.9 mm, linear, acute. Rachilla 0, or to c. 0.3 mm tipped with hairs to c. 0.8 mm. Anthers 0.2-0.5 mm. Caryopsis 0.8-1.3 × 0.3-0.5 mm. Also indigenous to Australia, New Guinea, and Easter I.; naturalised in South America, South Africa, and Malesia.

Lax, partly sprawling and stoloniferous perennials, 18—35 cm tall, with sparse, narrow, soft, bright green leaves; innovations extravaginal. Leaf-sheaths membranous, distinctly nerved, smooth; ligule 3-5 mm, oblong, erose, abaxially finely scabrous; leaf-blades 4-15 cmx 1.5-2.5 mm, flat, thin, abaxially smooth, adaxially finely scabrous on nerves, margins finely scabrous, tip fine, subacute. Culms 7-25 cm tall, finely scabrous below panicle but usually hidden within uppermost leaf sheath. Panicle 5-20 × 1- 6 cm, contracted at first to later spreading; branchlets filiform, finely scabrous, each bearing few spikelets towards their tip on long delicate pedicels. Spikelets 3-3.8 mm, light green. Glumes subequal, ovate-elliptic, scabrous on midnerve and rarely with scattered prickle teeth on surface near midnerve, hyaline margins smooth except near acute tip. Lemma 1.8- 2.5 mm, ± 2/3 length of glumes, faintly 3-5-nerved, entirely glabrous, tip ± truncate and erose, lateral nerves hardly excurrent; awn 0-1.2 mm, straight, from just below lemma tip. Palea ± = lemma, nerves very close set, tip hardly bifid. Callus hairs few, c. 0.1 mm or 0. Lodicules linear, acute. Rachilla 0.3- 0.5 mm tipped by a few hairs to c. 0.8 mm. Anthers 0.5-0.9 mm. Caryopsis not seen. Endemic.

Pale green, erect tufts, 15-35-(65) cm tall, with numerous, narrow, involute leaves often overtopping the lax, delicately branched panicles; innovations intravaginal. Leaf-sheaths membranous with few, distinct nerves, smooth or scabrous above, pale green to very light brown; ligule 2-4.5 mm, oblong but very slightly tapered above, truncate and denticulate at tip, abaxially ± scabrous, especially near base; leaf-blades 3.5—10—(15) cm × 1-2 mm, but often involute and 0.5-1 mm diam., abaxially sparsely to closely finely scabrous, adaxially ridged and closely ciliate-scabrous on ridges, margins finely scabrous, tip acute. Culms 3-18 cm tall, finely scabrous, often entirely enclosed by leaf sheaths. Panicle (3)—7—16 × 2-12 cm, very lax; rachis and capillary branchlets finely scabrous, with rather few spikelets at branchlet tips. Spikelets 4.5-5.5-(6.5) mm, light green. Glumes ± equal, lanceolate, acute to acuminate, green and submembranous at centre, with hyaline margins sparsely scabrous along edge near tip, midnerve with sparse prickle teeth except near base, elsewhere usually sparsely scabrous especially in upper half. Lemma 2.5-3 mm, c. ½ length of glumes, 5-nerved, with soft hairs scattered almost throughout except at tip, elliptic, truncate, with shortly excurrent lateral nerves; awn 4-6 mm, straight or ± curved, ± mid-dorsal or from upper 1/3 of lemma. Palea c. ½-2/3 length of lemma, elliptic, nerves not evident, margins with 1-2 minute hairs, tip very shallowly notched. Callus hairs ± dense, especially below lemma margins, fine, to c. 1 mm, ¼-1/3 length of lemma. Lodicules c. 1 mm, narrow-lanceolate, acute. Rachilla to 0.5 mm with fine hair tuft to 1 mm, or 0. Anthers (0.6)-0.8-1.2 mm. Caryopsis c. 1.5 × 0.5 mm. Endemic.

Usually dense, light or greyish green, or glaucous, annual tufts; innovations intravaginal. Leaf-sheaths finely nerved; ligule oblong, tapered to the subobtuse or denticulate, or later lacerate tip; leaf-blades firm, abaxially smooth or minutely papillose, sometimes scabrous above, adaxially minutely scabrous on nerves, margins minutely scabrous, tip acute to subobtuse. Culms very finely scabrous below panicle but this rarely visible until culm breaks up at maturity. Panicle delicate, ± contracted but later spreading, enclosed at base by sheath of uppermost culm leaf; scabrous branches and branchlets ± erect, all ± equal in length, naked for much of their length, the ultimate branchlets tipped by 1-2 spikelets. Spikelets light green or greenish brown. Glumes smooth, with scabrous keel and hyaline margins finely scabrous above. Lemma to ¾ length of glumes, 5-nerved, with scattered to rather dense short silky hairs often glabrous above and faintly scabrous on shortly excurrent lateral nerves; awn ± middorsal. Palea only slightly < lemma, keels minutely excurrent and faintly scabrous at tip. Callus hairs dense but very short, to Vs length of lemma. Lodi-cules linear, acute. Rachilla almost 0, or very short and tipped by a longer hair tuft.

Tufts (3)-5-20-(40) cm tall, whole plant often withering early and culms not breaking up below panicle. Leaf-sheaths subhyaline, smooth, or often minutely scabrous above; ligule (0.2)-0.5-3 mm, abaxially sparsely scabrous; leaf-blades 1-8 cm × 1.5—3—(5) mm, flat, or sometimes involute and c. 0.5 mm diam. Culms (1)—4—14 cm tall. Panicle (2)—3—12 × 0.5-8.5 cm; branchlets slender, sparsely scabrous. Spikelets (2.5)-3-4-(6) mm. Glumes narrow elliptic-lanceolate, usually equal or the upper slightly shorter, acute to acuminate to shortly mucronate, 1-nerved. Lemma (1.5)—1.8—2.5 mm, oblong-ovate; awn 3-6 mm, geniculate and slightly twisted near base. Palea nerves 0.1-0.2 mm apart. Callus hairs to 0.5 mm. Lodicules c. 0.7 mm. Rachilla 0.2-1 mm, with hair tuft 0.5-1.5 mm. Anthers (0.3)-0.4-0.7-(l) mm. Caryopsis 1-1.5 × 0.4-0.7 mm. Endemic.

Rather coarse, stiff tufts, 20-60 cm tall. Leaf-sheaths firmly membranous, smooth; ligule 1.5-3 mm, abaxially smooth, or rarely sparsely scabrous; leafblades 4-15 cm long, often involute and c. 0.5 mm diam.; or flat and up to 2 mm wide. Culms 7-30 cm tall. Panicle 4-20 × 1-18 cm; branchlets closely scabrous. Spikelets 3-4 mm. Glumes dissimilar; lower glume slightly shorter, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, 1-nerved; upper glume elliptic-ovate, ± acuminate, 3-nerved. Lemma 2.5-3 mm, ellipticlanceolate; awn 2.5-4 mm, straight or ± curved. Palea keels c. 0.3 mm apart. Lodicules 0.8-0.9 mm. Callus hairs 0.3-0.4 mm. Rachilla almost 0, or up to 0.9 mm, with hairs to 1.2 mm. Anthers (0.5)-0.6- 0.7 mm. Caryopsis 1.3-1.6 × 0.4 mm. Endemic.

Gramen annuum, dense caespitosum, rigidius, innovationibus intravaginalibus, panicula ramulosa, ± contracta, basim in vagina folii superioris inclusa. A subsp. littorali praecipue differt statura maiore, glumis inaequalibus, lemmateque longiore arista ± recta non geniculata ornato.

Lax, sometimes stoloniferous, perennial tufts, (5)- 10-50 cm tall, with wide, flat, or narrow and folded, light or dull green leaves, and lax panicles often large in proportion to the plant; innovations extravaginal; short plants with narrow involute leaves may be more densely tufted. Leaf-sheaths submembranous, distinctly nerved, smooth, or minutely scabrous above, green to creamy brown, sometimes purplish; ligule 0.6-4 mm, ovate-oblong, denticulate to later ± lacerate at ± truncate tip, minutely scabrous abaxially; leaf-blades 2-15 cm × 0.3-3.5-(6) mm, flat or folded, abaxially smooth to finely scabrous on nerves throughout or near tip, adaxially finely scabrous on nerves, margins minutely scabrous, tip subacute. Culms 3-25-(45) cm tall, erect or geniculate at base, longer culms projecting beyond uppermost sheaths, usually finely scabrous just below panicle. Panicle 4-25 × 1-16 cm, very lax, or sometimes contracted after flowering, with widely spreading, finally horizontal branches; branchlets rather few, very finely, ± sparsely scabrous, with 1- 2-several spikelets at tips. Spikelets 2.3-4.5-(5) mm, pale green to light straw-coloured, greenish brown or purplish. Glumes subequal, ovate-elliptic or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute, midnerve and hyaline margins scabrous near tip or in upper ½. Lemma (1.5)-2-2.5-(2.8) mm, ½-¾ length of glumes, 5-nerved, with numerous to scattered short fine hairs, or the upper 1/3 ± glabrous, or sometimes lemma almost completely glabrous, elliptic-oblong, truncate, with lateral nerves slightly to obviously excurrent; awn (1.7)-2-6 mm, geniculate, ± middorsal. Palea c. ½ length to almost = lemma, keels very faint, 0.1-0.2 mm apart, tip truncate, or obtuse, or shallowly notched. Callus hairs moderately dense, to 1 mm, to 1/3 length of lemma. Lodicules 0.7- 0.9 mm, linear, acute. Rachilla 0, or up to 1 mm, tipped by a few equally long, or longer hairs. Anthers (0.3)-0.6-1.2-(1.5) mm. Caryopsis 1.2-2 × 0.4- 0.8 mm. Endemic.

Often robust, wide-leaved, perennial tufts, (5)-30- 90 cm tall, with dull green somewhat harsh leaves drying dark green, and large, firm, pale green, manyflowered panicles; innovations intravaginal. Leafsheaths similar in texture to blades, firm, manynerved, smooth, or finely scabrous above, green to light brown; ligule 1.3-6 mm, tapered, rounded at top, becoming denticulate, abaxially finely scabrous; leaf-blades (2)-6-28 cm × (0.5)-2-6.5-(10) mm, abaxially finely scabrous on the numerous fine nerves with midnerve prominent near base, adaxially finely ridged and finely scabrous on ridges, margins finely scabrous, tip subobtuse. Culms 20-40-(66) cm tall, erect. Panicle (2)-12-28 × (1)-6-20 cm, at first stiff and contracted with erect branchlets, finally becoming more lax and ovate-elliptic at maturity; main axis smooth below, becoming scabrous above, primary branches sparsely scabrous, filiform, very long, erect, secondary branches much shorter, very numerous, capillary, scaberulous, with several spikelets close together near tips. Spikelets (3)-3.5- 5.5-(6) mm, light green. Glumes ± equal, scabrous on keel and sometimes near margins below tip, elsewhere smooth and membranous, rarely sparsely scabrous in upper half, acute to acuminate; lower glume elliptic-lanceolate, scabrous on upper 2/3 of keel; upper glume linear-lanceolate scabrous on upper ½ of keel. Lemma <2/3 length of glumes, elliptic-oblong, truncate, with the lateral nerves shortly excurrent. Palea elliptic-oblong, shallowly bifid, nerves c. 0.2 mm apart. Lodicules c. 0.5 mm, lanceolate, acute. Caryopsis 1.3-1.8 × 0.4-0.6 mm.

Leaf-blades usually flat, sometimes harsh and involute above. Culms usually entirely smooth, sometimes with a few prickle teeth just below panicle, or rarely scabrous. Lemma 2-2.8 mm, with long hairs in lower 2/3; awn (3)-4.5-8.5 mm, geniculate, mid-dorsal. Palea ½-3/5 length of lemma, nerves scarcely evident. Callus hairs conspicuous, to 1.5 mm, to ½ length of lemma. Rachilla <0.5 mm with hairs to c. 1 mm, or often 0. Anthers 0.6-1.2- (1.8) mm. Endemic.

Leaf-blades flat, or rather harsh and involute above in plants from Antipodes I. Culms finely scabrous, but usually enclosed in uppermost leaf sheath. Lemma 1.5-2 mm, with dense short hairs throughout; awn (0.5)-1-3.5 mm, straight, from upper 1/3 of lemma. Palea ± = lemma, nerves distinct. Callus hairs dense, very short, to 0.5 mm, 1/5-¼ length of lemma. Rachilla to 0.5 mm, tipped by hairs to c. 1 mm. Anthers 0.5-0.8 mm. Endemic.

Gramen perenne, caespitosum, validius, a subsp. pilosa praecipue differt lemmate breviore dense ciliato arista brevi recta ornato, palea lemma aequanti, pilisque calli brevioribus.

Tufts perennial, usually fine-leaved and lowgrowing, 5-15-(40) cm tall; innovations extravaginal. Leaf-sheaths membranous, with a few distinct nerves, smooth, rarely minutely scabrous, green to light brown; ligule 1—3—(5.5) mm, ± oblong, sometimes slightly tapered, denticulate at tip, abaxially with sparse prickle teeth; leaf-blades (1)- 2-10 cm long, 0.8-2 mm wide if flat, but usually folded and so appearing narrower, abaxially smooth except near tip, adaxially scabrous on the prominent nerves, margins scabrous, tip subobtuse. Culms 1.5- 15—(30) cm tall, erect or ascending, longer culms often projecting beyond uppermost sheaths, finely, retrorsely, ciliate-scabrous. Panicle 2-10-(20) × 1.5- 7-( 12) cm, delicate, rather contracted at first, later lax; branchlets few, filiform, finely scabrous, tipped by 1-few spikelets. Spikelets (2)-2.2-3.5 mm, green to purplish. Glumes subequal, acute, scabrous on midnerve in upper ½ or almost throughout, hyaline margins with a very few teeth near tip; lower glume slightly longer, linear-lanceolate; upper glume elliptic-lanceolate. Lemma 1.2-2-(2.3) mm, 2/3-¾ length of glumes, usually densely covered by stiff, straight hairs, ovate-oblong, truncate, with lateral nerves scarcely excurrent; awn 0.2-2-(3) mm, straight, very fine, often purple, from upper 1/3 of lemma. Palea from c. 2/3 to almost = lemma, keels c. 0.1 mm apart, slightly excurrent and with a few prickle teeth at minutely bifid tip. Callus ringed with short hairs to c. 0.3 mm, c. ¼ length of lemma. Lodicules c. 0.3 mm, linear, acute. Rachilla c. 0.5 mm, tipped by equally long, or slightly longer hairs. Anthers 0.2-0.5-(0.6) mm. Caryopsis 0.8-1.4 × 0.4-0.6 mm. Endemic.

Stiff, leafy tufts 18-36 cm tall, with narrow ± inrolled leaves and lax panicles; innovations intravaginal. Leaf-sheaths subcoriaceous, ± obviously nerved, smooth, light brown; ligule 1-3.2 mm, truncate, erase, minutely ciliate across top, abaxially scabrous; leaf-blades 2-12 cm × 0.3-0.9 mm, inrolled, abaxially smooth, sometimes scabrous near tip, adaxially ridged and short-scabrous on nerves, margins smooth, tip obtuse. Culms 5-20 cm, tall, densely, finely scabrous below panicle but usually enclosed within uppermost leaf sheath. Panicle (3)- 6-12 × 2—8—(12) cm, delicate, with fine, scabrous, erect to spreading branches, bearing spikelets at tips. Spikelets 3-5 mm, light green to light brown. Glumes l-(3)-nerved, elliptic-lanceolate, ± acuminate, strongly keeled, with keel finely scabrous in upper ½-2/3. Lemma 3-4.2 mm, slightly < glumes, firmly membranous, hairless, papillose-scabrous, elliptic-lanceolate, lateral nerves sharply excurrent to c. 1 mm; central awn 3.5-6.5 mm, geniculate, from lower 1/3 of lemma. Palea 2.5-3 mm, c. 2/3 lemma, lanceolate, bifid at tip, keels scabrous, margins submembranous, scabrous near tip. Callus hairs ± dense but very short, 0.3-0.8 mm, c. ¼ length of lemma. Lodicules 0.7-1 mm, lanceolate, acute. Rachilla 1.5-2.5 mm, with very short hairs throughout except sometimes near tip, rarely completely glabrous. Anthers (0.5)-0.7-0.9 mm. Caryopsis 1.4-1.6 × 0.5-0.7 mm. Endemic.

Tufted perennials, sometimes short-lived, or annuals; innovations intra- or extravaginal. Leaf-sheaths rounded at back; ligule membranous; leaf-blades flat, or folded with inrolled margins. Culms erect or geniculately ascending, fragile at maturity; nodes glabrous. Inflorescence a lax, often delicately branched panicle; at maturity completely detached from the plant together with a fragment of the uppermost culm internode, or, in annual plants, soon withering and persisting. Spikelets small, 1- or occasionally 2-flowered, laterally compressed; rachilla disarticulating above glumes, often prolonged, tipped with soft hairs and almost equalling the palea, or rachilla prolongation minute and glabrous or not visible under the light microscope. Glumes ± equal and equalling the spikelet, ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, acute, membranous, often shining, 1-(3)-nerved, with the outer nerves, if present, very short, keel ± scabrous. Lemma < and thinner in texture than glumes, rarely (L. tenuis) ± = glumes and firmer, elliptic-oblong, truncate, rounded at back, (3)-5-nerved, often denticulate and with lateral nerves minutely excurrent, usually with dense or sparse, soft, fine hairs, or sometimes hairless, rarely (L. tenuis) finely scabrous; awn dorsal, finely scabrous, geniculate or straight, ± mid-dorsal or very short and from just below tip, rarely 0. Palea from ½ to c. = lemma, hyaline, with 2 usually faint keels close together at centre. Callus minute, blunt, with short, soft hairs, to ½ or rarely to 2/3 length of lemma, sometimes 0. Lodicules 2, linear to lanceolate, hyaline, glabrous. Stamens 3; anthers not penicillate. Ovary glabrous; styles distinct, free to base, short; stigmas 2, plumose. Caryopsis fusiform; embryo small; endosperm doughy or dry.

Rather lax, perennial tufts, 9-35 cm tall; innovations extravaginal. Leaf-sheaths firmly membranous, inconspicuously nerved, glabrous, light green to dull brown; ligule 1-2.5 mm, truncate, erose or denticulate, abaxially sparsely, finely scabrous; leafblades 3-10-(15) cm × 1-2 mm, flat or folded, abaxially smooth, adaxially sparsely, finely scabrous on nerves, margins minutely, sparsely, scabrous, tip obtuse. Culms 4-20 cm tall, often enclosed in uppermost leaf sheath, finely scabrous below nodes and below panicle. Panicle 3-14 × 1.5-8 cm, rather contracted at first, later lax; branchlets filiform, finely scabrous, with rather few spikelets at tips; main rachis finely scabrous. Spikelets (2.5)-3-3.5- (4) mm, pale green or tinged faint purple. Glumes ± equal, elliptic-lanceolate, midnerve and margins scabrous in upper ¼, occasionally in upper ½ or 2/3 Lemma (excluding awn) 2-2.5 mm, c. ¾ length of glumes, with scattered soft hairs, very rarely glabrous, ovate-oblong, truncate, lateral nerves not, or scarcely, excurrent, midnerve produced to a mucro, or sometimes a straight awn, to 2.5 mm, from just below lemma tip. Palea ½-2/3 length of lemma, shallowly bifid, keels c. 0.3 mm apart, very faint. Callus hairs conspicuous, to 1 mm, to ½ length lemma. Lodicules 0.5-0.8 mm, lanceolate, acute. Rachilla c. 0.2 mm, tipped by hairs to c. 0.8 mm. Anthers 0.7-1.3 mm. Caryopsis 1.2-1.8 × 0.5- 0.6 mm. Endemic.

Gramen perenne, laxe caespitosum; innovationes extravaginales. Folia paulo angusta breviaque, plana vel plicata. Culmus folii supremi vagina saepe inclusus. Panicula ad maturitatem laxa, ramulis spiculas paucas apice gerentibus. Lemma hyalinum, pilis sparsis praeditum; arista minuta vel brevis, recta, juxta lemmatis apicem oriens. Palea lemmate dimidio vel duabus tertiis partibus brevior. Callus pilis brevibus sed conspicuis ornatus. Rachilla minuta, apice pilis longioribus praedita. L. striatae arista brevi recta accedit, praecipue autem differt antheris multo longioribus; L. lyallii etiam attingit ob amplitudinem antherum, lemmatis paleaeque, sed praesertim differt arista parva, recta, non geniculata.