Saccardo (1889) combined Peziza chrysotricha into Trichyopeziza Fuckel, in which he classified several unrelated Hyaloscyphaceae with continuous ascospores. Dennis (1961) referred P. chrysotricha to Chlorosplenium De Not., although he already indicated that 'its systematic position still presents some difficulty', as the inamyloid asci and broadly fusoid ascospores were rather atypical for Chlorosplenium. Dixon (1974) excluded the fungus from Chlorosplenium, but was uncertain about its generic disposition.

This beautiful species is primarily characterized by inamyloid asci, which have evenly thickened lateral and apical walls or a slightly thinner apical wall, and mucilaginous caps over the ends of the ascospores. These caps are consistently present on free, mature spores, but are easily overlooked, particularly in Melzer's reagent. The type specimen of Peziza chrysotricha contains only a fragment of a single apothecium. The spore caps are very delicate, and I could not observe them in the slide of the type made by Dixon (1974), which was enclosed in the package of the type. In the other herbarium specimens from K, I was also unable to observe them, but the apothecia were relatively young or immature. However, Dixon's slide gave sufficient information to confirm the identity of the type with the more recent material. Other notable characters of D. chrysotricha which were not mentioned by previous authors include the septate, hyaline thick-walled hyphae of the lower ectal excipulum, and the dark stroma which is hidden within the host tissues and from which the apothecia emerge. The base of the stipe is often also blackened. All these characters point towards the genus Dicephalospora of the family Sclerotiniaceae (Spooner, . 1987). Spooner included two species when he proposed the new genus Dicephalospora. Recently, Zhuang (1999) described two new species from China, D. damingshanica W. Y. Zhuang and D. pinglongshanica W. Y. Zhuang.

Dicephalospora chrysotricha is noted for the intense orange colour of its receptacle, and the conical-rounded, inamyloid ascus apices which lack an apical pore. The hair-like projections on the surface of the receptacle, for which the species was named, have not been reported for other Dicephalospora species. They may be poorly developed or completely wanting in some apothecia. Dicephalospora calochroa (Syd.) Spooner, the type species of Dicephalospora, is paler in colour than D. chrysotricha, has larger asci (165-185 x 14-15 um) which are provided with a faintly blueing apical pore within a broadly papillate apex, and larger ascospores [23-27(-29) x 6.5-7.5 um]. In D. rufocornea (Berk. & Br.) Spooner asci are also larger (140-180 x 12-18 um) with amyloid papillate apices, while the ascospores are narrowly fusoid and much longer [(27-)32~39 x 4-5.5 (-6) um, Spooner, 1987; 28-50x4-5 um, Raitviir & Shin 2003]. In D. damingshanica, the asci are weakly amyloid and 165-185x 16-20 um, while the ascospores are again larger (22-32 x 9-12.7 um) than those of D. chrysotricha. The apothecia of D. pinglongshanica are much smaller (0.3-0.6 mm), while the ascospores are longer (20-28 x 4.5-5.7 um; Zhang 1999). The asci of this species are described as having a truncate, non-papillate, inamyloid apex.