Thallus foliose, lobate to squamulose, dorsiventral, heteromerous, orbicular to spreading, loosely to closely attached, with or without a conspicuous, black prothallus visible beyond margins of lobes or squamules. Lobes adjacent, flabellate to cuneate, often imbricate or ± crowded or areolate-squamulose, margins entire to variously incised, notched, phyllidiate or lobulate, sometimes ± ascending, sometimes ± hirsute, tomentose or scabrid. Upper surface convex to plane, smooth to wrinkled-plicate or ± bullate, with or without soredia, isidia or phyllidia, shining or matt, scabrid or tomentose. Medulla white. Photobiont green, ?. Cephalodia () on upper or lower surface, or on hyphae of prothallus, superficial or immersed, sometimes sorediate, simple, ± globose to spreading, placodioid-plicate. Lower surface corticate, ± pale, rhizinate. Rhizines simple or branched, pale to black, often dense, entangled, byssoid, extending beyond lobe margins as a black prothallus. Apothecia laminal or marginal, lecanorine, with a prominent, persistent, crenulate thalline margin, concolorous with thallus, sometimes hirsute, disc red-brown to pale yellow- brown or orange-brown, concave at first then mostly plane to subconvex, smooth, continuous or gyrose-contorted or etched or with plugs or concentric rings of sterile, thalline tissue, sometimes white-pruinose. Asci clavate to sub-cylindrical, 8-spored, often with a well-developed manubrium. Ascospores simple, colourless, oval-ellipsoid, often with a thickened or decorated epispore.