BIOTA of NEW ZEALAND

has host

Acer

has host

Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link

has host

Beilschmiedia tawa (A.Cunn.) Kirk

has host

Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Carrière

has host

Cupressus

PDD (4 records from New Zealand.)

has host

Cupressus macrocarpa Gordon

has host

Cyathea

has host

Dacrycarpus dacrydioides (A.Rich.) de Laub.

has host

Eucalyptus

has host

Eugenia smithii Poir. 1789

has host

Festuca

has host

Kunzea

has host

Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. 1983

has host

Leptospermum

has host

Metrosideros

has host

Metrosideros excelsa Gaertn.

has host

Nothofagus

PDD (7 records from New Zealand.)

has host

Nothofagus solandri (Hook.f.) Oerst.

PDD (4 records from New Zealand.)

has host

Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov.

has host

Pinus

PDD (6 records from New Zealand.)

has host

Pinus radiata D.Don

has host

Poaceae

has host

Podocarpus dacrydioides

has host

Podocarpus totara D.Don

PDD (4 records from New Zealand.)

has host

Pseudotsuga

has host

Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco

has host

Quercus

has host

Salix babylonica L.

has host

Tristania

has host

Weinmannia racemosa L.f.

is host of

Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Pilát 1951

is host of

Barya agaricicola (Berk.) Höhn. 1910

is host of

Chrysosporium luteum (Costantin) Carmichael 1962

is host of

Cladobotryum Nees 1816-17

is host of

Coprinus fimetarius (L.) Fr. 1838

is host of

Diehliomyces microsporus (Diehl & E.B. Lamb.) Gilkey 1955 [1954]

is host of

Doratomyces stemonitis (Pers.) F.J. Morton & G. Sm. 1963

is host of

Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler 1976 [1975]

is host of

Oedocephalum fimetarium (Riess) Sacc. 1886

is host of

Paecilomyces marquandii (Massee) S. Hughes 1951

is host of

Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél. 1872

is host of

Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer 1951

is host of

Rhopalomyces Harder & Sörgel 1938

is host of

Verticillium malthousei Ware 1933

Hodge, S.; Marshall, S.A. et al. Hodge, S.; Marshall, S.A.; Oliver, H.; Berry, J.; Marris, J.; Andrew, I.

has host

Cupressus

PDD (1 records from United Kingdom.)

has host

Cupressus macrocarpa Gordon

PDD (1 records from United Kingdom.)

Descriptions

Anon.: NZFUNGI (unassigned reference).

Agaricus L. 1753

Notes

Cap smooth or with dark fibrillose scales, usually dull in colour (some of the indigenous pecies with dark brown scales);, stalk central with a well-developed ring;, gills always pink when immature, becoming dark chocolate brown as spores develop, more or less free. Stalk typically breaks cleanly away from the cap. Spore print chocolate brown. Saprobic on the soil.

Seven indigenous species have been reported, although the genus has been rather poorly collected and a number of these species have been seen only rarely. There may be around 12 introduced species. The identity of Agaricus to the species level is often problematic without a good understanding of the kind of variation in appearance that can occur with changes in weather, age, or micro-site.

The indigenous species are typically found in forests, the exotic species in grassy areas, on lawns, in parks and in farmland. Included amongst the exotic species is the "field mushroom" and the "button mushroom", commercial strains of which are grown for sale in the shops.

Not all Agaricus species are edible. Those in which the flesh stains yellow at the base of the stalk often cause stomach upsets, sometimes severe. Agaricus xanthoderma is a name that has been used uncritically in New Zealand for a set of species all with this yellow-staining feature, probably all introduced. One of these species is common on lawns in northern New Zealand towns and cities, smaller in stature than most Agaricus species and with the very top of the cap having a small flattened area.

Care also needs to be taken not to confuse Agaricus with the deadly poisonous Amanita, mushrooms of similar stature and often with a ring on the stalk, but always with white spores and gills. Other white-spored mushrooms that can be otherwise somewhat similar in appearance and habitat to Agaricus include Chlorophyllum and Leucoagaricus.

Notes

The field mushroom and its relatives. Saprobes, always found on soil. Not all species are edible. Species from native forests should probably be avoided, as sho those where the flesh stains yellow at the base of the stalk.

The pink gills of the immature mushrooms turn dark chocolate brown as the spores are formed. About 30 species have been reported, but the genus remains poorly understood for New Zealand. Although some of these species are indigenous, the origin of many is uncertain.

Only those listed below have descriptions or images available from NZFungi.

Massee, G.E. 1899: The fungus flora of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 31: 282–349.

Agaricus L. 1753

Description

Pileus regular, fleshy; gills free from the stem, whitish at first, finally dark-umber; stem central, furnished with a ring; spores brownish-purple:

Distinguished by the free gills and ring on the stem. The Agaricus of Linnaeus, as interpreted by Fries, was divided into several subgenera by the last-named author, and the original name Agaricus has been retained for those species included in the subgenus Psalliota of Fries Agricus as here understood is morphologically similar to Lepiota in the Leucosporae. All grow on the ground; often in open pastures.

Taxonomic concepts

Name

Cited name

Reference

Preferred name

Parent name

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. (1753)

Anon.

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. (1753)

Dingley, J.M. (1978)

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. (1753)

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. (1753)

Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; David, J.C.; Stalpers, J.A. (2001)

Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008)

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. (1753)

Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008-)

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L.

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. 1753

Knudsen, J.; Vesterholt, J. (2012)

Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008)

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. (1753)

Linnaeus, C. von (1753)

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. (1753)

Massee, G.E. (1899)

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. (1753)

McKenzie, E.H.C. (1991)

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. (1753)

Pennycook, S.R. (2004)

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. 1753

Redhead, S.A. (2013)

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. (1753)

Ridley, G.S.; Taylor, G.M. (1997)

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. (1753)

Segedin, B.P.; Pennycook, S.R. (2001)

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. (1753)

Taylor, G.M. (1970)

Agaricus L. 1753

Agaricus L. (1753)

Taylor, G.M. (1981)

Hypophyllum Paulet 1808

Hypophyllum Paulet

Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008-)

Hypophyllum Paulet 1808

Hypophyllum Paulet

Psalliota (Fr.) P. Kumm. (1871)

Fries, E.M. (1821)

Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; David, J.C.; Stalpers, J.A. (2001)

Psalliota (Fr.) P. Kumm. (1871)

Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008)

Psalliota (Fr.) P. Kumm. (1871)

Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008-)

Psalliota (Fr.) P. Kumm.

Psalliota (Fr.) P. Kumm. (1871)

Kummer, P. (1871)

Global name resources

Index Fungorum - Agaricus

MycoBank - Agaricus L. 1753

Collections

Determined name

Country

Geographic region

Indicative databased records

Agaricus L. 1753

Cook Islands

Agaricus L. 1753

France

Agaricus L. 1753

Japan

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Auckland

134

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Bay of Plenty

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Buller

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Campbell Island

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Chatham Islands

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Coromandel

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Dunedin

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Fiordland

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Gisborne

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Hawkes Bay

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Marlborough Sounds

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Mid Canterbury

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Nelson

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

North Canterbury

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Northland

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Otago Lakes

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Southland

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Stewart Island

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Taupo

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Waikato

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Wanganui

Agaricus L. 1753

New Zealand

Wellington

Agaricus L. 1753

Nigeria

Agaricus L. 1753

Solomon Islands

Agaricus L. 1753

Tonga

Agaricus L. 1753

United Kingdom

Agaricus L. 1753

United States

New Zealand

Dunedin

New Zealand

Nelson

New Zealand

North Canterbury

New Zealand

Taupo