BIOTA of NEW ZEALAND

Brien, R.M. (1935)

has host

Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.

Brien, R.M. (1939)

has host

Allium cepa L.

Brien, R.M.; Chamberlain, E.E. et al. (1959)

has host

Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.

Brien, R.M.; Dingley, J.M. (1951)

has host

Medicago sativa L.

Brien, R.M.; Dingley, J.M. (1955)

has host

Rheum rhabarbarum L.

Brien, R.M.; Dingley, J.M. (1957)

has host

Lactuca sativa L.

Brien, R.M.; Dye, D.W. et al. (1957)

has host

Chamberlain, E.E. (1931)

has host

Christensen, M.J. (1979)

has host

Medicago sativa L.

Close, R.C.

has host

Medicago sativa L.

Close, R.C.; Harvey, I.C.; Sanderson, F.R.

has host

Cunningham, G.H. (1922)

has host

Vinca major L.

Cunningham, G.H. (1963)

has host

Dingley, J.M. (1969)

has host

Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC.

Falloon, R.E. (1980)

has host

Zea mays L.

Falloon, R.E. (1982)

has host

Lolium multiflorum Lam.

Falloon, R.E. (1985)

has host

Zea mays L.

Fowler, M.Eagles, H.A.; Wratt, G.S. (1985)

has host

Zea mays L.

Fullerton, R.A. (1978)

has host

Zea mays L.

Fullerton, R.A. (1979)

has host

Allium cepa L.

Fullerton, R.A.; Stewart, A.; Hale, C.N.; Wood, R.J. (1986)

has host

Agathis australis (D.Don) Lindl.

Gilmour, J.W. (1966)

has host

Medicago sativa L.

Harvey, I.C. (1979)

has host

Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Zenker

Harvey, I.C.; Braithwaite, M. (1982)

has host

Leptinella dioica Hook.f.

Howard, D.R. (1986)

has host

Kirk, T.W. (1908)

has host

Zea mays L.

Laundon, G.F. (1978)

has host

Wasabia japonica (Miq.) Matsum.

Martin, R.J.; Deo, B. (2000)

has host

McGowan, H.E. (1921)

has host

Pennycook, S.R. (1989)

has host

Dianthus caryophyllus L.

Robinson, J.A. (1957)

has host

Trifolium repens L.

Skipp, R.A.; Watson, R.N. (1987)

has host

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

Taylor, W.H. (1924)

has host

Trifolium repens L.

Thornton, R.H. (1965)

has host

Larix decidua Mill.

Thulin, I.J.; Will, G.M.; Bassett, C. (1958)

has host

Medicago sativa L.

Ward, F.E. (1926)

has host

Avena sativa L.

Wratt, E.C. (1956)

has host

Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC.

PDD (1 records from American Samoa.)

has host

Vigna marina (Burm. f.) Merrill

PDD (1 records from American Samoa.)

isolated from

Arachis hypogaea L.

ICMP (3 records from Australia.)

isolated from

Capsicum annuum L.

isolated from

Carthamus

isolated from

Cicer arietinum L.

ICMP (4 records from Australia.)

isolated from

Gossypium hirsutum

isolated from

Huperzia lockyeri (D. Jones & B. Gray) Holub

isolated from

Medicago

isolated from

Medicago sativa L.

ICMP (8 records from Australia.)

isolated from

Solanum melongena L.

isolated from

Trifolium repens L.

has host

Eucalyptus

has host

Mikania micrantha

has host

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

has host

Stachytarpheta urticifolia

has host

PDD (1 records from Germany.)

isolated from

Carthamus tinctorius L.

ICMP (2 records from Iran, Islamic Republic Of.)

isolated from

Arachis hypogaea L.

ICMP (1 records from Lao People's Democratic Republic.)

isolated from

Brassica oleracea L.

ICMP (9 records from Lao People's Democratic Republic.)

isolated from

Cleome

ICMP (1 records from Lao People's Democratic Republic.)

isolated from

Coriandrum sativum L.

ICMP (2 records from Lao People's Democratic Republic.)

isolated from

Lactuca sativa L.

ICMP (2 records from Lao People's Democratic Republic.)

has host

Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.

PDD (1 records from Micronesia, Federated States Of.)

has host

Saccharum officinarum

PDD (1 records from Micronesia, Federated States Of.)

isolated from

Beta vulgaris L.

isolated from

Brassica carinata A.Braun

isolated from

Brassica oleracea L.

ICMP (2 records from New Zealand.)

isolated from

Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck

isolated from

Festuca

isolated from

Gypsophila paniculata L.

isolated from

Libertia peregrinans Cockayne & Allan

isolated from

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

isolated from

Paeonia

isolated from

Petunia ×hybrida Vilm.

isolated from

Ranunculus acris L.

isolated from

Rosa

isolated from

ICMP (3 records from New Zealand.)

has host

Amaranthus lividus L.

has host

Brassica napobrassica

has host

Brassica napus var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb.

has host

Brassica oleracea var. ramosa Alef.

has host

Brassica rapa L.

has host

Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm.

has host

Daucus carota L.

has host

Dianthus caryophyllus L.

has host

Dichondra repens J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

has host

Dieffenbachia

has host

Lilium auratum Lindl.

has host

Lolium

has host

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

has host

Medicago sativa L.

has host

Nicotiana tabacum L.

has host

Passiflora edulis Sims

has host

Pisum sativum L.

has host

Plantago lanceolata L.

has host

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

has host

Saccharum

has host

Solanum aviculare G.Forst.

has host

Solanum nigrum L.

has host

PDD (8 records from New Zealand.)

has host

Triticum aestivum L.

has host

Vinca major 'Variegata'

has host

Zea mays L.

has host

Phaseolus atropurpureus DC. 1825

PDD (1 records from Niue.)

has host

Brassica chinensis

has host

Daucus carota L.

has host

Digitaria horizontalis Willd.

has host

Erythrina subumbrans

has host

Raphanus sativus L.

has host

Elaeis guineensis Jacq.

has host

Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb. 1928

has host

Paspalum conjugatum P.J.Bergius

has host

Rottboellia exaltata

has host

Centrosema pubescens Benth.

has host

Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC.

has host

Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb. 1928

has host

Phaseolus vulgaris L.

has host

Piper nigrum L.

has host

Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng.

has host

Zingiber officinale

Prillieux, É.E.; Delacroix, É.G. (1891)

has host

Dioscorea cayennensis Lam.

PDD (1 records from Wallis and Futuna Islands.)

Descriptions

Cunningham, G.H. 1963: The Thelephoraceae of Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bulletin. 145.

Pellicularia filamentosa (Pat.) D.P. Rogers 1943

Collections Examined

PAPILIONACEAE. Vinca major: Wellington, Upper Hutt, 20 m. SOLANACEAE. Solanum tuberosum: Auckland, Mt. Albert, 100 m.

Description

Hymenophore annual, effused, readily lifting, spreading over stems of living plants, arachnoid-mucedinioid, forming irregular linear areas to 15 cm long, 2-10 mm wide; hymenial surface white, drying cream or greyish, irregularly slightly tufted; margin thinning out, concolorous, arachnoid. Context white, of a few repent hyphae 8-10 µm diameter, commonly 7-8 µm, walls 0.5 µm thick, without clamp connections; fertile hyphae erect, cymose, ends of branchlets bearing clusters of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia subclavate, some cylindrical, 12-18 x 8-10 µm, bearing 3-4 spores on sterigmata which may attain a length of 15 µm. Paraphyses subclavate, 6-10 x 6-8 µm. Spores elliptical or oblong, some obovate, apiculate, 7-11 x 5-6.5 µm, walls smooth, hyaline, 0.5 µm thick.

Distribution

DISTRIBUTION: Probably cosmopolitan.

Habitat

HABITAT: Effused on stems and leaves of living plants.

Notes

Recognised by the elliptical spores borne on sterigmata which, at first stout and short, elongate shortly before spores are formed to reach a length of 15 µm. Not infrequently one sterigma is suppressed, basidia then bearing three spores. Although the Pellicularia stage is comparatively rare, the hyphal stage of the species is a well known parasite of many plants. On potato tubers the fungus forms black sclerotia, this stage being long known under the name of Rhizoctonia solani. In a previous paper (Cunningham 1953, c, p. 328) Corticium praticola was listed as a synonym. Flentje has shown that this species, to which he gave the name Pellicularia praticola (Kotila) Flentje (1956, p. 353) may be separated by cultural characters and several minor morphological features.

Typification

TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, South America.

Das, S.; Shah, F.A.; Butler, R.C.; Falloon, R.E.; Steward, A.; Raikar, S.; Pitman, A.R. 2014: Genetic variability and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani associated with black scurf of potato in New Zealand. Plant Pathology 63(3): 651-666.

Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn 1858

Notes

Sequence analysis of the rDNA-ITS regions from these isolates identified three Anastomosis Groups (AGs), AG-3PT, AG-2-1 and AG-5. Isolates classified as AG-3PT were widely distributed, whereas AG-2-1 and AG-5 were confined to distinct locations. Sequence heterogeneity was identified in the ITS regions of 100 AG-3PT and AG-2-1 isolates. Variation in the sequence and length of the rDNA-IGS1 region was also observed for selected isolates of AG-3PT and AG-2-1 isolates. Phylogenetic studies found all AG-2-1 isolates belong to AG-2Nt, a subset of AG-2-1 previously associated with solanaceous crops in other countries. AG-2-1 isolates were consistently more aggressive than those of AG-3PT. Delayed emergence, severe infection on stolons, formation of aerial tubers and considerable yield losses were associated with AG-2-1, but they caused negligible black scurf. In contrast, AG-3PT caused black scurf on progeny tubers but variable effects on stem emergence and stolons. Furthermore, AG-2-1 isolates caused severe tuber malformation, but isolates of other AGs did not

Dingley, J.M. 1969: Records of plant diseases in New Zealand. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bulletin. 192.

Pellicularia filamentosa (Pat.) D.P. Rogers 1943

Notes

Pellicularia filamentosa is an important fungus in potato crops. Chamberlain (1931) suggested for its control treatment of seed with acidified mercuric chloride dip some months before planting. In recent years Booth (1965) recommended a dip in mercury-based compounds as a pre-planting treatment for seed potatoes; he emphasised that dipping should be done before the tubers have sprouted. It is associated with brown patch on lawns and greens (Brier, 1935; and Arnold and Brier 1961). In pastures in wet humid weather it may rot areas of grass. Ward (1926) noted that Rhizoctonia could be a problem in Lucerne pastures on areas with high rainfall. Wratt (1956) and Blair and Morrison (1949) showed its importance as a pre-emergence rot in seedlings of cereals. It is also important in nursery beds of seedlings of forestry trees such as Pinus radiata, P. nigra, and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Thulin, Will, and Bassett 1958). It is common in warm dry weather in seed beds of crops such as lettuce, tomatoes, and cabbage. It was also noted in nursery beds of citrus and peach seedlings and can be of considerable economic importance in nursery seed beds, especially in humid periods in summer months. Except for Agathis australis and Hydrocotyle sp., all hosts are introduced.

Gadgil, P.D. (in association with Dick, M.A.; Hood, I.A.; Pennycook, S.R.) 2005: Fungi on trees and shrubs in New Zealand. Fungi of New Zealand. 4. Fungal Diversity Press.

Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn 1858

Description

Type: Radicicolous Fungi; Description: Colonies on agar at first colourless, rapidly becoming brown, aerial mycelium sparse. Hyphae subhyaline to pale brown, often constricted near the septa, clamp connections none. Sclerotia irregular in shape, brown, solitary, about 1 mm in diameter, sometimes confluent and forming conspicuous crusts. Basidiomata rarely seen in nature, sometimes induced in culture by transfer from a rich to a poor nutrient medium when they are resupinate, effuse, creamy, loosely attached to the substratum. Basidiospores oblong to broadly ellipsoid, 6–14 × 4–8 μm, apiculate at the base, smooth, hyaline, non-amyloid.

Distribution

Distribution: Northland, Auckland, Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Taranaki, Rangitikei, Wellington, Nelson, Mid Canterbury, South Canterbury, Dunedin, Southland.; 1st Record: Kirk (1908: as Rhizoctonia).

Notes

Pathogenicity

Significance: Found by Thulin et al. (1958) to be the main pathogen causing damping off in Larix decidua, Picea sitchensis, Pinus nigra subsp. laricio, P. radiata, and Pseudotsuga menziesii in a forest nursery. Bassett (1961) noted its association with damping off of young coniferous seedlings from three nurseries.; Host(s): Agathis australis, Citrus sinensis, Larix decidua, Picea sitchensis, Pinus nigra subsp. laricio, P. radiata, P. taeda, Prunus persica, Pseudotsuga menziesii.

Taxonomic concepts

Name

Cited name

Reference

Preferred name

Parent name

Corticium sasakii (Shirai) H. Matsumoto 1934

Corticium sasakii (Shirai) H. Matsumoto (1934)

Matsumoto, H. (1934)

Corticium sasakii (Shirai) H. Matsumoto 1934

Corticium sasakii (Shirai) H. Matsumoto (1934)

Roberts, P. (1999)

Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank) Donk 1956

Corticium solani (Prill. & Delacr.) Bourdot & Galzin 1911

Corticium solani (Prill. & Delacr.) Bourdot & Galzin (1911)

Bourdot, H.; Galzin, A. (1911)

Corticium vagum var. solani Burt 1903

Corticium vagum var. solani Burt (1903)

Burt (1903)

Corticium vagum var. solani Burt 1903

Corticium vagum var. solani Burt (1903)

Cunningham, G.H. (1922)

Hypochnus cucumeris A.B. Frank 1883

Hypochnus cucumeris A.B. Frank (1883)

Frank, A.B. (1883)

Hypochnus sasakii Shirai 1906

Hypochnus sasakii Shirai (1906)

Shirai, M. (1906)

Hypochnus solani Prill. & Delacr. 1891

Hypochnus solani Prill. & Delacr. (1891)

Pellicularia filamentosa (Pat.) D.P. Rogers (1943)

Brien, R.M.; Dingley, J.M. (1951)

Pellicularia filamentosa (Pat.) D.P. Rogers (1943)

Cunningham, G.H. (1953)

Pellicularia filamentosa (Pat.) D.P. Rogers (1943)

Cunningham, G.H. (1963)

Pellicularia filamentosa (Pat.) D.P. Rogers (1943)

Dingley, J.M. (1969)

Pellicularia filamentosa (Pat.) D.P. Rogers (1943)

Ecroyd, E.C. (1982)