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Russula Pers. 1796
Russula Pers. 1796

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Present
New Zealand
Political Region

Click to collapse Nomenclature Info

Pers.
Pers.
Persoon, C.H. 1796: Observationes Mycologicae. 1. [1] P.P. Wolf; [2] Gesnerus, Usterius & Wolfius.
1796
100
Fr.
Fries, E.M. 1821: Systema Mycologicum. 1. Ex Officina Berlingiana.
9, 54
ICN
Russula Pers. 1796
genus
Russula

Click to collapse Classification Info

Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Russulales
Russulaceae
Russula

Click to collapse Associations Info

Associations View full associations record
has host
Nothofagus fusca (Hook.f.) Oerst.
McKenzie, E.H.C.; Buchanan, P.K.; Johnston, P.R. (2000)
has mycorrhizal host
Nothofagus fusca (Hook.f.) Oerst.
Chu-Chou, M.; Grace, L.J. (1983)
has host
Kunzea
McKenzie, E.H.C.; Buchanan, P.K.; Johnston, P.R. (2000)
has host
Nothofagus
McKenzie, E.H.C.; Buchanan, P.K.; Johnston, P.R. (2000)
is host of
Byssonectria viridis (Alb. & Schwein.) Petch 1937
PDD (1 records from Canada.) Link to an external page
is host of
Hypomyces hyalinus (Schwein.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860
PDD (1 records from Canada.) Link to an external page
is host of
Asterophora parasitica (Bull.) Singer 1951 [1949]
PDD (1 records from Czechoslovakia.) Link to an external page
is host of
Asterophora lycoperdoides (Bull.) Ditmar 1809
PDD (1 records from Japan.) Link to an external page
is host of
Hypomyces (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860
PDD (1 records from Japan.) Link to an external page
has host
Agathis australis (D.Don) Lindl.
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Fuscospora fusca
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Fuscospora solandri
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Kunzea
PDD (7 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. 1983
PDD (10 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Kunzea linearis (Kirk) de Lange & Toelken 2014
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Kunzea robusta de Lange & Toelken 2014
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Lantana
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Leptospermum
PDD (18 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Leptospermum ericoides
PDD (5 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Leptospermum scoparium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
PDD (4 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Metrosideros excelsa Gaertn.
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Nothofagaceae
PDD (4 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Nothofagus
PDD (21 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Nothofagus cliffortioides
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Nothofagus fusca (Hook.f.) Oerst.
PDD (13 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Nothofagus menziesii (Hook.f.) Oerst.
PDD (13 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Nothofagus solandri (Hook.f.) Oerst.
PDD (22 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Nothofagus solandri (Hook.f.) Oerst. var. solandri
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook.f.) Poole
PDD (3 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Nothofagus truncata (Colenso) Cockayne
PDD (3 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Phyllocladus trichomanoides D.Don
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Pinus
PDD (2 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Pinus radiata D.Don
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Quercus
PDD (4 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
is host of
Asterophora mirabilis (T.W. May) Redhead & Seifert 2001
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
is host of
Cladobotryum Nees 1816-17
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
is host of
Hypomyces (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860
PDD (3 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
is host of
Hypomyces armeniacus Tul. & C. Tul. 1860
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
is host of
Hypomyces aurantius (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
is host of
Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schwein.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
is host of
Hypomyces petchii G.R.W. Arnold 1972 [1971]
PDD (5 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
is host of
Hypomyces rosellus (Alb. & Schwein.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
is host of
Lactarius Pers. 1797
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
is host of
Mycogone rosea Link 1809
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
is host of
Verticillium Nees 1816-17
PDD (1 records from New Zealand.) Link to an external page
has host
Betula
PDD (1 records from Norway.) Link to an external page
has host
Pinus
PDD (1 records from United States.) Link to an external page
has host
Pinus radiata D.Don
PDD (1 records from United States.) Link to an external page
has host
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco
PDD (1 records from United States.) Link to an external page
has host
Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.
PDD (1 records from United States.) Link to an external page
is host of
Hypomyces sp.
PDD (1 records from United States.) Link to an external page

Click to collapse Descriptions Info

Anon.: NZFUNGI (unassigned reference).

Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898

Partly buried, truffle-like fungi. The spores with amyloid ornamentation show a relationship with Russula. Six species in New Zealand.

Note that only those species listed below have images and/or descriptions available in the Virtual Myctoa.

Anon.: NZFUNGI (unassigned reference).

Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882

Secotioid or truffle-like Russula species. The pinkish-red Macowanites carmineus is quite common, has a well-developed stalk, and gills which remain covered by a thin, membranous veil. The shape, texture, and colours are very reminescent of Russula. M. tapawera and M. rubroluteus differ in lacking a distinct stalk. Microscopically the characteristic spores are like those of Russula.

Mycorrhizal under beech and tea-tree.

There are at least 3 species in New Zealand, all endemic.

Russula species in which the gills remain covered by a thin, membranous veil. At least 3 species in New Zealand.
Anon.: NZFUNGI (unassigned reference).

Russula Pers. 1796

Spore print white or yellow. Cap up to about 10 cm diam., sunken towards the centre, smooth, or with radiate ridges near margin (‘pectinate’), or scaly in one species. Colour varying between species, yellow-brown, red, purple, or green, the colours washing out in wet weather or with age. Flesh white, sometimes darkeing on exposure to air, brittle, snaps easily. Gills white to yellow, sometimes staining darker in patches with damage, colours varying between species. Stipe white or with hints of the colour of the cap, cylindric or tapering slightly towards the base, no ring.

Russula species are ectomycorrhizal, always found on the soil close to their host trees. The indigenous species are confined to either Nothofagus forests or to stands of tea-tree, where they are often found in large numbers in the autumn. There is at least one exotic species, R. sororia, found under the introduced trees Quercus and Fagus.

There have been about 30 indigenous species described from New Zealand. Because colour is important in their identification and because the colours wash out in the rain, identification to species level can be difficult without a microscope.

Lactarius is ecologically and macroscopically similar, but when damaged the flesh oozes a white or yellowish liquid. Macowanites is phylogenetically related to Russula, and is similar in colour to the red species, but it is a ‘secotioid’ fungus the gills never become exposed, remaining covered by a thin, white membrane.

Click to collapse Taxonomic concepts Info

Cystangium Singer & A.H. Sm. 1960
Cystangium Singer & A.H. Sm. (1960)
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; David, J.C.; Stalpers, J.A. (2001)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Cystangium Singer & A.H. Sm. 1960
Cystangium Singer & A.H. Sm. (1960)
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Cystangium Singer & A.H. Sm. 1960
Cystangium Singer & A.H. Sm.
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008-)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Cystangium Singer & A.H. Sm. 1960
Cystangium Singer & A.H. Sm. (1960)
Singer, R.; Smith, A.H. (1960)
Elasmomyces Cavara 1898
Elasmomyces Cavara (1898)
Hawksworth, D.L.; Kirk, P.M.; Sutton, B.C.; Pegler, D.N. (1995)
Elasmomycetaceae Locq. ex Pegler & T.W.K. Young 1979
Elasmomyces Cavara 1898
Elasmomyces Cavara (1898)
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; David, J.C.; Stalpers, J.A. (2001)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Elasmomyces Cavara 1898
Elasmomyces Cavara (1898)
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Elasmomyces Cavara 1898
Elasmomyces Cavara
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008-)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway (1898)
Anon.
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway (1898)
Hawksworth, D.L.; Kirk, P.M.; Sutton, B.C.; Pegler, D.N. (1995)
Elasmomycetaceae Locq. ex Pegler & T.W.K. Young 1979
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway (1898)
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; David, J.C.; Stalpers, J.A. (2001)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway (1898)
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008-)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
Knudsen, J.; Vesterholt, J. (2012)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway (1898)
Lebel, T. (2003)
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway (1898)
Massee, G.E. (1898)
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway (1898)
McKenzie, E.H.C.; Buchanan, P.K.; Johnston, P.R. (2000)
Macowania Kalchbr. ex Berk. 1876
Macowania Kalchbr. ex Berk. (1876)
Berkeley, M.J. (1876)
Macowania Kalchbr. ex Berk. 1876
Macowania Kalchbr. ex Berk. (1876)
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Macowania Kalchbr. ex Berk. 1876
Macowania Kalchbr. ex Berk.
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008-)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882
Macowanites Kalchbr. (1882)
Anon.
Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882
Macowanites Kalchbr. (1882)
Hawksworth, D.L.; Kirk, P.M.; Sutton, B.C.; Pegler, D.N. (1995)
Elasmomycetaceae Locq. ex Pegler & T.W.K. Young 1979
Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882
Macowanites Kalchbr. (1882)
Kalchbrenner, K. (1882)
Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882
Macowanites Kalchbr. (1882)
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; David, J.C.; Stalpers, J.A. (2001)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882
Macowanites Kalchbr. (1882)
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882
Macowanites Kalchbr.
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008-)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882
Macowanites Kalchbr. (1882)
Lebel, T.; Tonkin, J.E. (2007)
Martellia Mattir. 1900
Martellia Mattir. 1900
Chu-Chou, M.; Grace, L.J. (1983)
Martellia Mattir. 1900
Martellia Mattir. (1900)
Hawksworth, D.L.; Kirk, P.M.; Sutton, B.C.; Pegler, D.N. (1995)
Elasmomycetaceae Locq. ex Pegler & T.W.K. Young 1979
Martellia Mattir. 1900
Martellia Mattir. (1900)
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; David, J.C.; Stalpers, J.A. (2001)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Martellia Mattir. 1900
Martellia Mattir. (1900)
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Martellia Mattir. 1900
Martellia Mattir.
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008-)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Martellia Mattir. 1900
Martellia Mattir. (1900)
Mattirolo, O. (1900)
Martellia Mattir. 1900
Martellia Mattir. (1900)
McKenzie, E.H.C.; Buchanan, P.K.; Johnston, P.R. (2000)
Russula Pers. 1796
Russula Pers. (1796)
Anon.
Russula Pers. 1796
Russula Pers. (1796)
Fries, E.M. (1821)
Russula Pers. 1796
Russula Pers. (1796)
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; David, J.C.; Stalpers, J.A. (2001)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Russula Pers. 1796
Russula Pers. (1796)
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Russula Pers. 1796
Russula Pers.
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008-)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Russula Pers. 1796
Russula Pers. 1796
Knudsen, J.; Vesterholt, J. (2012)
Russulaceae Lotsy 1907
Russula Pers. 1796
Russula Pers. (1796)
McKenzie, E.H.C.; Buchanan, P.K.; Johnston, P.R. (2000)
Russula Pers. 1796
Russula Pers. (1796)
Persoon, C.H. (1796)
Russula Pers. 1796
Russula Pers. (1796)
Ridley, G.S.; Taylor, G.M. (1997)

Click to collapse Collections Info

Cystangium Singer & A.H. Sm. 1960
New Zealand
Fiordland
1 Link to an external page
Elasmomyces Cavara 1898
New Zealand
Nelson
1 Link to an external page
Elasmomyces Cavara 1898
United States
1 Link to an external page
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
Australia
1 Link to an external page
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
New Zealand
Auckland
9 Link to an external page
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
New Zealand
Bay of Plenty
1 Link to an external page
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
New Zealand
Coromandel
3 Link to an external page
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
New Zealand
Nelson
3 Link to an external page
Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898
New Zealand
Northland
1 Link to an external page
Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882
New Zealand
Coromandel
1 Link to an external page
Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882
New Zealand
Nelson
1 Link to an external page
Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882
New Zealand
Wairarapa
1 Link to an external page
Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882
New Zealand
Wellington
1 Link to an external page
Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882
United States
1 Link to an external page
Martellia Mattir. 1900
New Zealand
Auckland
1 Link to an external page
Martellia Mattir. 1900
United States
1 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
Canada
2 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
Czechoslovakia
1 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
Japan
2 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Auckland
105 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Bay of Plenty
6 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Buller
43 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Coromandel
6 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Dunedin
2 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Fiordland
11 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Gisborne
1 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Kaikoura
2 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Mid Canterbury
17 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Nelson
60 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
North Canterbury
10 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Northland
6 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Otago Lakes
9 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Rangitikei
1 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Southland
2 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Stewart Island
2 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Taupo
21 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Three Kings Islands
3 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Waikato
11 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Wairarapa
4 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Wellington
20 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
New Zealand
Westland
4 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
Norway
1 Link to an external page
Russula Pers. 1796
United States
4 Link to an external page

Click to collapse Metadata Info

1cb19f47-36b9-11d5-9548-00d0592d548c
scientific name
Names_Fungi
1 January 2001
3 November 2018
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