Russula Pers. 1796

Caption:

Details

Name scientific

Russula Pers. 1796

Preferred name

Russula Pers. 1796

Biostatus

Origin

Occurrence

Georegion

Schema

Biostatus source

Comment

Present

New Zealand

Political Region

Nomenclature

Original authors

Pers.

Authors

Pers.

Publication place

Persoon, C.H. 1796: Observationes Mycologicae. 1. [1] P.P. Wolf; [2] Gesnerus, Usterius & Wolfius.

Year published

1796

Publication page

100

Sanctioning author

Fr.

Sanctioning reference

Fries, E.M. 1821: Systema Mycologicum. 1. Ex Officina Berlingiana.

Sanctioning page(s)

9, 54

Nomenclatural code

ICN

Basionym

Russula Pers. 1796

Taxonomic rank

genus

Canonical form

Russula

Classification

Kingdom

Fungi

Phylum

Basidiomycota

Class

Agaricomycetes

Order

Russulales

Family

Russulaceae

Genus

Russula

Subordinates

Synonyms

Associations

View full associations record

Association type

Associated organism

Association source

has host

Nothofagus fusca (Hook.f.) Oerst.

McKenzie, E.H.C.; Buchanan, P.K.; Johnston, P.R. (2000)

has mycorrhizal host

Nothofagus fusca (Hook.f.) Oerst.

Chu-Chou, M.; Grace, L.J. (1983)

has host

Kunzea

McKenzie, E.H.C.; Buchanan, P.K.; Johnston, P.R. (2000)

has host

Nothofagus

McKenzie, E.H.C.; Buchanan, P.K.; Johnston, P.R. (2000)

has host

Agathis australis (D.Don) Lindl.

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Betula

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Fuscospora fusca

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Fuscospora solandri

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Kunzea

PDD (8 records from [Not available].)

has host

Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. 1983

PDD (10 records from [Not available].)

has host

Kunzea linearis (Kirk) de Lange & Toelken 2014

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Kunzea robusta de Lange & Toelken 2014

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Lantana

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Leptospermum

PDD (18 records from [Not available].)

has host

Leptospermum ericoides

PDD (5 records from [Not available].)

has host

Leptospermum scoparium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

PDD (4 records from [Not available].)

has host

Metrosideros excelsa Gaertn.

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagaceae

PDD (7 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus

PDD (21 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus cliffortioides

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus fusca (Hook.f.) Oerst.

PDD (13 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus menziesii (Hook.f.) Oerst.

PDD (13 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus solandri (Hook.f.) Oerst.

PDD (22 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus solandri (Hook.f.) Oerst. var. solandri

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook.f.) Poole

PDD (3 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus truncata (Colenso) Cockayne

PDD (3 records from [Not available].)

has host

Phyllocladus trichomanoides D.Don

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Pinus

PDD (3 records from [Not available].)

has host

Pinus radiata D.Don

PDD (2 records from [Not available].)

has host

Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Quercus

PDD (4 records from [Not available].)

has host

Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Asterophora lycoperdoides (Bull.) Ditmar 1809

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Asterophora mirabilis (T.W. May) Redhead & Seifert 2001

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Asterophora parasitica (Bull.) Singer 1951 [1949]

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Byssonectria viridis (Alb. & Schwein.) Petch 1937

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Cladobotryum Nees 1816-17

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Hypomyces (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860

PDD (4 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Hypomyces armeniacus Tul. & C. Tul. 1860

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Hypomyces aurantius (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Hypomyces hyalinus (Schwein.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schwein.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Hypomyces petchii G.R.W. Arnold 1972 [1971]

PDD (5 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Hypomyces rosellus (Alb. & Schwein.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1860

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Hypomyces sp.

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Lactarius Pers. 1797

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Mycogone rosea Link 1809

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Verticillium Nees 1816-17

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

Descriptions

Anon.: NZFUNGI (unassigned reference).

Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway 1898

Notes

Partly buried, truffle-like fungi. The spores with amyloid ornamentation show a relationship with Russula. Six species in New Zealand.

Note that only those species listed below have images and/or descriptions available in the Virtual Myctoa.

Anon.: NZFUNGI (unassigned reference).

Macowanites Kalchbr. 1882

Fungal Guide

Secotioid or truffle-like Russula species. The pinkish-red Macowanites carmineus is quite common, has a well-developed stalk, and gills which remain covered by a thin, membranous veil. The shape, texture, and colours are very reminescent of Russula. M. tapawera and M. rubroluteus differ in lacking a distinct stalk. Microscopically the characteristic spores are like those of Russula.

Mycorrhizal under beech and tea-tree.

There are at least 3 species in New Zealand, all endemic.

Notes

Russula species in which the gills remain covered by a thin, membranous veil. At least 3 species in New Zealand.

Anon.: NZFUNGI (unassigned reference).

Russula Pers. 1796

Notes

Spore print white or yellow. Cap up to about 10 cm diam., sunken towards the centre, smooth, or with radiate ridges near margin (‘pectinate’), or scaly in one species. Colour varying between species, yellow-brown, red, purple, or green, the colours washing out in wet weather or with age. Flesh white, sometimes darkeing on exposure to air, brittle, snaps easily. Gills white to yellow, sometimes staining darker in patches with damage, colours varying between species. Stipe white or with hints of the colour of the cap, cylindric or tapering slightly towards the base, no ring.

Russula species are ectomycorrhizal, always found on the soil close to their host trees. The indigenous species are confined to either Nothofagus forests or to stands of tea-tree, where they are often found in large numbers in the autumn. There is at least one exotic species, R. sororia, found under the introduced trees Quercus and Fagus.

There have been about 30 indigenous species described from New Zealand. Because colour is important in their identification and because the colours wash out in the rain, identification to species level can be difficult without a microscope.

Lactarius is ecologically and macroscopically similar, but when damaged the flesh oozes a white or yellowish liquid. Macowanites is phylogenetically related to Russula, and is similar in colour to the red species, but it is a ‘secotioid’ fungus the gills never become exposed, remaining covered by a thin, white membrane.