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Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989

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Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst., New Zealand J. Bot. 27 251 (1989)
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989

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Endemic
Present
New Zealand
Political Region

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P.R. Johnst.
P.R. Johnst.
1989
251
ICN
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
NZ holotype
species
Lophodermium brunneolum

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brunneolum

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Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989

Lophodemium brunneolum was originally described as restricted to two taxonomically unrelated hosts, Dracophyllum (Epacridaceae) and Knightia (Proteaceae) (Johnston 1989a). Collections from Knightia were confined to the northern part of New Zealand, collections from Dracophyllum to the southern part. The ascospores of L. brunneolum differ in the way they bend following release, and in the arrangement of their gelatinous appendages, these differences correlating to host preference. This evidence together with host and geographic differences suggests the two segregates may be best regarded as separate species.

Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989

PDD 45940 - holotype (IMI -isotype), PDD49324, 49325, 49317, 43265, 43227, 49344, 45941, 45939.
Ascocarps and pycnidia developing in pale, yellowish areas, often associated with narrow, black zone lines. Ascocarps oblong in outline with rounded ends, 1-1.5 x 0.4-0.5 mm. immature ascocarps with walls concolorous to pale brown, to darker brown in some collections, with a narrow, dark line around the outside edge of the ascocarp. A broad, paler zone may extend longitudinally down centre of ascocarp. In mature ascocarps edge of opening lined with a narrow, pale zone, which may become darker with age. Hymenium yellowish, often remaining exposed even when ascocarps dry. Pycnidia 0.2-0.3 mm diam., pale brown with a dark brown border, immersed.

Ascocarps in vertical section initially subepidermal, host epidermal cells becoming invaded by fungal cells as ascocarps mature. Upper wall 15-20 µm wide, of pale brown to hyphae, thin-walled cells. Lining inside of upper wall near ascocarp opening is a 20-25 µm wide layer of hyaline, cylindric cells. The outside of this layer becomes dark brown as the ascocarps mature. Lower wall 20-50 µm wide, of dark brown, thick-walled, 4-8 µm diam. cells.

Paraphyses 2 µm diam., often 1-3 times branching near apex, gradually swelling to 4-5 µm diam. at apex, embedded in gel, extending 20-30 µm beyond asci. Asci 145-180 x 7-9 µm, cylindric, tapering to small, rounded apex, wall not thickened at apex, 8-spored. Ascospores 90-130 x 1.5 µm, tapering slightly to both ends, often bending at right angles when released, 0-1 septate.

Pycnidia in vertical section intraepidermal, upper wall more or less lacking, lower wall 20-30 µm wide, comprising dark brown, thick walled fungal cells amongst disrupted host tissue. Near centre of pycnidium a column of hyaline, cylindric cells extends to the top of the pycnidium. Conidiogenous cells lining lower wall, solitary, 8-11 x 3-4 µm, hyaline, flask-shaped, proliferating either sympodially or percurrently, wall at conidiogenous locus slightly thickened, remains of thickening often visible following proliferation. Conidia 3-4 x 0.8-1 µm, cylindric, 0 septate, hyaline.

Northland, Auckland, Coromandel, Bay of Plenty, Mid Canterbury, Dunedin, Southland, Stewart I.
Dead leaves of Dracophyllum longifolium, D. uniflorum, and Knightia excelsa.
Ascocarpi oblongi, brunneoli, subepidermales tum intraepidermales. Cellulae intraparietem superiorem prope aperturam ascocarpi, cylindricae. Paraphysium apex ramosus, clavatus, 4-5 µm diam. Asci 145-180 x 7-9 µm, cylindrici, apicem versus decrescentes. Ascosporae 90-130 x 1.5 µm.

ETYMOLOGY: brunneolum = brownish, pale brown; refers to ascocarp wall colour.

L. brunneolum is similar to L. tindalii and L. nigrofactum, two Dracophyllum-inhabiting species. All three species have similarly shaped ascocarps, have a similar appearance in vertical section, have ascocarps remaining open even when dry, so exposing the hymenium, and have ascospores bending at right angles when released from asci. The three species can be distinguished by differences in the pycnidia (black in L. tindalii, brown in the other two species), in ascus width (8.5-11 µm in L. tindalii, 7.5-9 µm in L. brunneolum, 5-7.5 µm in L. nigrofactum), and in the shape of the ascus and paraphysis apices. Macroscopically the ascocarps of L. brunneolum appear paler than those of the other two species.

The collections of this species from Northland, Auckland, Coromandel, and Bay of Plenty are known only from Knightia excelsa (Proteaceae), those from Dunedin, Southland, and Stewart 1. only from Dracophyllum longifolium (Epacridaceae). In spite of the divergent host and geographic distribution the two groups of collections are morphologically and anatomically indistinguishable.

See also notes under L. nigrofactum.

STEWART I., The Neck, Glory Cove, on Dracophyllum longifolium (J.R. et G.Forst.) R.Br., coll. Johnston (R568) & Donner, 5 May 1984 (PDD 45940).

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Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. (1989)
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. (1989)
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. (1989)
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. (1989)

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Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
Australia
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
New Zealand
Auckland
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
New Zealand
Auckland Islands
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
New Zealand
Bay of Plenty
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
New Zealand
Campbell Island
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
New Zealand
Chatham Islands
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
New Zealand
Coromandel
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
New Zealand
Dunedin
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
New Zealand
Gisborne
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
New Zealand
Mid Canterbury
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
New Zealand
Northland
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
New Zealand
Southland
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
New Zealand
Stewart Island
Lophodermium brunneolum P.R. Johnst. 1989
New Zealand
Westland

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taxonomic status
Probably two seperate host-specialised species have been labelled L. brunneolum, the type is the species from Dracophyllum (with no DNA sequences available) [PRJ]

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1cb19180-36b9-11d5-9548-00d0592d548c
scientific name
Names_Fungi
16 September 1993
15 December 2003
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