Download Copy a link to this page Cite this record

Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991

Scientific name record
Names_Fungi record source
Is NZ relevant
This is the current name
This record has collections
This record has descriptions
This is indigenous
Show more

Click to collapse Details Info

Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst., New Zealand J. Bot. 29 398 (1991)
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991

Click to collapse Biostatus Info

Endemic
Present
New Zealand
Political Region

Click to collapse Nomenclature Info

P.R. Johnst.
P.R. Johnst.
1991
398
as 'liliensis'
ICN
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
NZ holotype
species
Hypoderma liliense

Click to collapse Classification Info

liliense

Click to collapse Descriptions Info

Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991

New Zealand: NORTHLAND: Waipoua Forest, Kauri Ricker Track, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston (R60), 31 May 1982 (PDD 43255); Bay of Islands, Whangaruru North Head, on Collospermum hastatum coll. P. R. Johnston (R805), 28 Jan 1988 (PDD 54115). AUCKLAND: Waitakere Ranges, Piha Valley, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston (R152), 22 Mar 1983 (PDD 43315); Waitakere Ranges, Cowan Track, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston (R212), 27 Apr 1983 (PDD 49239). Waitakere Ranges, Kauri Knoll Track, on Collospermum hastatum, coll P. R. Johnston (R714), 29 Apr 1987 (PDD 45561); Waitakere Ranges, Kauri Knoll Track, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston (R379), 5 Dec 1983 (PDD 57554); Waitakere Ranges, Kauri Knoll Track, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston (R717), 29 Apr 1987 (PDD 45555). Hunua Ranges, vic. Mangatangi Dam, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston, 1 Feb 1989 (PDD 56325). COROMANDEL: Little Barrier Island, Awaroa Stream, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston (LB5), 12 Jun 1984 (PDD 57553 holotype); Little Barrier Island, Valley Track, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston (LB60), 14 Jun 1984 (PDD 49241); Little Barrier Island, Shag Track, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston (R816), 6 Apr 1988 (PDD 54788); Waiomu, Kauri Track, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston, 29 Apr 1988 (PDD 57548). WAIKATO: Waitomo Caves, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston (R236) et al., 26 Apr 1983 (PDD 43973). GISBORNE: Urewera National Park, Lake Waikaremoana, Puniho Track, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston (R317), 6 May 1983 (PDD 49240). TAUPO: Pureora Forest Park, vic. Headquarters, Rimu Walk, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston (R837), G. L. Barron, 18 May 1989 (PDD 55575); Kaimanawa Forest Park, Kiko Road, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston, 7 May 1987 (PDD 54582). WANGANUI: Kai lwi, Bushy Park Reserve, on Collospermum hastatum, coll. P. R. Johnston (R 726), 15 May 1987 (PDD 46158). BULLER: Lewis Pass, St James Walkway, Tarn Nature Walk, on Astelia nervosa, coll. P. R. Johnston (R851), 11 May 1990 (PDD 57555); Lewis Pass, St James Walkway, Cannibal Gorge Track, on Astelia nervosa, coll. P. R. Johnston (R850), 12 May 1990 (PDD 57557); Lewis Pass, St James Walkway, Tarn Nature Walk, on Astelia nervosa, coll. P. R. Johnston (R849), 12 May 1990 (PDD 57556). WESTLAND: Westland National Park, Fox Glacier, Mount Fox Track, on Astelia nervosa, coll. P. R. Johnston, 16 Oct 1991 (PDD 59460).
Ascomata and conidiomata develop in pale areas on fallen leaves, not associated with zone lines. Ascomata 1-2.5 x 0.4-0.6 mm, elliptic in outline, walls grey to black, sometimes with a broad, pale zone developing along the future line of opening shortly before the ascomata open. Ascomata open by a single longitudinal slit, edge of the opening slit lined with a differentiated zone, blue-grey in colour when fresh, whitish when dry.

Ascomata subcuticular. In vertical section the ascomatal initial comprises a lens-shaped group of hyaline, plectenchymatous cells oriented more or less parallel to the surface of the host leaf, with darkened, angular cells developing toward the lower surface of the plectenchyma. As the ascomata develop, and paraphyses start to differentiate, darkened angular cells begin to develop along the upper as well as the lower edge of the ascomata. As the paraphyses elongate and asci begin to develop the upper wall of the ascomata becomes up to 60 µm thick near the centre of the ascomata, narrower toward the edges. The upper wall comprises mostly brown to dark brown, thick-walled, angular cells, but near the centre of the ascomata, along the future line of opening, toward the inside of the wall, is a group of hyaline thin-walled, angular cells. The inside of the wall is lined with a poorly developed layer of hyaline, thin-walled, short-cylindric, downward-oriented cells. In some ascomata the upper wall retains this appearance until opening, but in others, at about the stage when ascospores are first starting to differentiate, the cells along the lower part of the pale area along the future line of opening become darkened and thick-walled. At about the same stage of development, some ascomata develop an extra layer up to 20 µm thick, of hyaline, thin-walled, vertically oriented cells between the upper wall and the host cuticle. The upper wall starts to split open from the outside, and as the wall splits a layer of thin-walled, hyaline, cylindric cells develops along the exposed face of the broken wall. In opened ascomata the upper wall is up to 100 µm thick near the opening, becoming narrower toward the edge of the ascomata, and comprises brown to dark brown, thick-walled, angular cells. The exposed face of the broken upper wall is lined with a palisade-like layer of thin-walled, 10-15 x 1-2 µm, cylindric cells. The layer between the upper wall and the cuticle present in some ascomata is retained after the ascomata open. In opened ascomata the lower wall is 5-10 µm thick, comprising 1-3 layers of brown to dark brown, angular to cylindric cells.

Paraphyses 1.5-2.5 µm diam., undifferentiated at apex, extending 15-25 µm beyond asci. Asci 130-200 x 18-22 µm, clavate to subsaccate, tapering to truncate apex, wall more or less undifferentiated at apex, 8-spored, development of asci sequential. Ascospores 40-70 x 5.5-8 µm, bifusiform, 1.5-2.5 µm wide at constriction, 0-1 septate, surrounded by a 2-4 µm thick gelatinous sheath. Conidiomata 0.2-0.3 mm diam., round in outline, pale brown, with a darker line around the outside edge, subcuticular. In vertical section the upper wall is more or less absent. Lower wall 5-10 µm thick, comprising 2-3 layers of brown to dark brown, thick-walled, angular cells. Conidiogenous cells develop on the lower wall, 6-10 x 2-3 µm, solitary, cylindric, with percurrent proliferation, wall of the conidiogenous cell thickened and often slightly flaring at the single, apical conidiogenous locus. Amongst the conidiogenous cells, near the centre of ascomata, are narrow-cylindric, hyaline, sterile elements extending almost to the top of the conidiomata. Conidia 4-6 x 1 µm, cylindric, ends rounded, nonseptate, hyaline.

CHARACTERISTICS IN CULTURE: Ascospores germinated from PDD 43973 and 57549 on agar plates, on oatmeal agar colonies 20-30 mm diam. after 5 weeks, surface of colony undulate, pale brown, aerial mycelium low, felted, white, or lacking, pale brown in reverse.

Dead leaves of Astelia nervosa and Collospermum hastatum.
Ab H. rubo ascis 130-200 x 18-22 µm, ascosporis bifusiformibus, 40-70 x 5.5-8 µm differens.

ETYMOLOGY: refers to the liliaceous host substrate.

NOTES: This is the only species of Rhytismataceae known from Collospermum, but Coccomyces limitatus, Lophodermium asteliae, and L. minus are known also from Astelia. Hypoderma liliensis is easily distinguished from these other species by the bluish differentiated zone along the edge of the ascomatal opening, and microscopically by the large, subsaccate asci, and bifusiform ascospores.

Although the ascus shape, and ascus and ascospore size, are unusual for Hypoderma, H. liliensis possesses all the characters used by Johnston (1990) to redefine this genus. Also atypical of Hypoderma is the darkening of the inner edge of the upper wall seen in some collections of this species, but as this feature is not found consistently in all collections, it is not considered of generic significance. The development of a layer of hyaline, cylindric cells between the upper wall and the cuticle is also unusual. However, a similar phenomenon has been seen in a few collections of Hypoderma rubi (Persoon:Fries) de Candolle ex Chevallier from New Zealand, although the layer of cells in this case is not as well developed as in H. liliensis, and it forms later in the development of the ascomata, appearing only shortly before the ascomata open.

The size and shape of the asci and ascospores of H. liliensis are similar to those of Duplicaria empetri (Persoon:Fries) Fuckel and many of the conifer-inhabiting species of Rhytismataceae. Duplicaria differs in having circular ascomata with radiate opening splits, and an upper wall with no internal differentiation in unopened ascomata, barely thickened toward the opening, and with no cylindric, thin-walled cells lining the exposed face of the broken upper wall in opened ascomata. The conifer-inhabiting species with similar ascospores and asci differ in having ascomata which develop subepidermally, which lack a darkened lower wall, and lack differentiated cells along the edge of the opening split. The one conifer-inhabiting genus with large, bifusiform ascospores and subcuticular ascomata, Bifusella, has synchronous development of the asci, and lacks persistent paraphyses.

New Zealand: COROMANDEL: Little Barrier I., Awaroa Stream, on Collospermum hastatum (Col.) Skottsb., coll. P. R. Johnston (LB5), 12 Jun 1984 (PDD 57553).

Click to collapse Taxonomic concepts Info

Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. (1991)
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. (1991)
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. (1991)

Click to collapse Collections Info

Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
New Zealand
Auckland
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
New Zealand
Buller
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
New Zealand
Coromandel
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
New Zealand
Gisborne
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
New Zealand
Northland
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
New Zealand
Taupo
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
New Zealand
Waikato
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
New Zealand
Wanganui
Hypoderma liliense P.R. Johnst. 1991
New Zealand
Westland

Click to collapse Metadata Info

1cb18e75-36b9-11d5-9548-00d0592d548c
scientific name
Names_Fungi
6 September 2000
5 May 2003
Click to go back to the top of the page
Top