Type: Sooty Moulds and Similar Fungi; Description: Subiculum superficial, plumose, lumpy, up to 25 mm thick, black; on bark of trunks, branches or twigs. Mycelium composed of brown to dark brown, septate, smooth, straight or curved hyphae, 18–24 μm wide. Ascomata stromatic, scattered, base immersed, dark brown to black, subglobose, 0.35–0.4 mm in diameter, ostiolate, bearing numerous simple, dark olive brown to brown, straight or bent, cylindrical hyphal appendages up to 600 μm long. Asci ellipsoidal to obclavate, 160–170 × 55–65 μm. Ascospores ellipsoidal, straight or slightly curved, 11–13-septate, 90–120 × 17–20 μm, smooth, brown. Antennatula synanamorph. Conidia fusiform, curved to almost sigmoid, septation variable, 8–35-septate (mostly 11–15-septate), 125–215 × 16–21 μm, smooth, dull olive green to dark olive brown to brown.

Distribution: Northland, Auckland, Taupo, Wellington, Nelson, Buller, Westland, North Canterbury, Mid Canterbury, Mackenzie.; 1st Record: Hughes (1974a).

Significance: This fungus is often a component of lumpy subicula containing mixtures of up to five species commonly found on the trunks of Nothofagus spp.; Host(s): Carpodetus serratus, Coprosma foetidissima, Dacrydium cupressinum, Leptospermum scoparium, Nothofagus fusca, N. menziesii, N. solandri var. cliffort-ioides, Phyllocladus alpinus, Pseudopanax sp.

Collections: Twenty-five collections of E. novae-zelandiae were made, mostly as the Antennatula state, on 10 different hosts. In the list that follows, DAOM numbers in bold face indicate the presence of Euantennaria ascostromata, usually associated with the two imperfect states.
Gymnospermae: Dacrydium cupressinum DAOM 96604; Phyllocladus alpinus 96611.
Dicotyledons: Carpodetus serratus 96616; Coprosma foetidissima 96607; Coprosma sp. 93430 (PDD 25763); Leptospermum scoparium 96452; Nothofagus fusca 96596, 96613 (21069), 96614 (21097), 96636 (20822), 96640 (20823), 96642, 96646; N. menziesii 96654; N. solandri var. cliffortioides 96600, 96606, 96621, 96629, (21310), 96650, 96652. 105288, 105925, 106861, 110301; Nothopanax sp. 96625.
The same fungus has been found on two collections, from New Zealand, preserved in Herb. K. These are (1) "Antennaria scoriadea B. [scr. M. C. Cooke]. On Beech, Feb. 1881. Waimakariri (near junction of the Cass River), South Isd., New Zealand, T. Kirk"; (2) "Antennaria scoriadea Berk. [scr. M. J. Berkeley] N. Zealand. 5203. Colenso" (on Fagus [i.e., Nothofagus] Ruahine, fide Mr B. G. Hamlin, in litt).

Subicula spongy, black, thin and ½ mm thick, or thick, lumpy and up to 70 mm wide and 25 mm thick on corticated twigs, branches, or trunks; the surface of subicula is plumose, with hyphae united in tapering fascicles, the larger ones branched and bearing hyphal outgrowths. On bare wood subicula are pulvinate and up to 3 mm wide. The fungus is often a component of lumpy subicula composed of mixtures of up to 5 species as commonly found on trunks of Nothofagus.
Mycelium composed of generally smooth, septate, anastomosing hyphae which are dull olive green to brown when young to brown to dark brown when older, internally roughened between conspicuously distinct outer and inner wall layers, uncommonly externally roughened when young: toward the growing end the cells are almost cylindrical, but successively more inflated away from the apex. Hyphae are straight or curved with the branching often at right angles, but sometimes narrower to 45°; hyphae taper so very gradually toward the apex that they appear cylindrical. Terminal cells of hyphae are 10.8-15.5 µm wide, but mature hyphal cells are barrel-shaped, 18-31 µm long and 18-23.5 µm wide.
Antennatula conidia develop singly from scattered, or from series of, cells of hyphae or from the distal cells of the plumose extensions of the subicula. They are subhyaline and clavate when young with a narrow barrel-shaped basal swelling. At maturity conidia are seldom straight, usually curved and almost sigmoid, with or without a recurved apex; they are fusiform, sometimes abruptly tapered and mucronate at the apex, not constricted at the septa, smooth, dull olive green to dark olive brown to brown, very variable in length and septation, up to 460 µm long and 31-septate but sometimes as short as 95 µm and only 8-septate; they are mostly 11- to 15-septate, 125-215 µm long and 16.5-21.5 µm wide, externally smooth but usually roughened internally between the conspicuous wall layers; the basal barrel-shaped swelling is 6.3-7.0 µm wide. Conidia are partly adpressed to the hyphae that bear them and this is conspicuously so when numerous conidia develop toward the ends of plumose fasicicles to form a black, shining overlapping aggregation.
Hormisciomyces phialophores arise from subicular hyphae and are 1- to multiseptate with a slightly swollen apical cell bearing a whorl of 8 to 10 presumed phialides: the phialides are more or less oval 8-11 x 4.5-7.2 µm, pale brown to brown, distally darkest and thicker walled. Phialospores not seen. Occasionally, phialophores proliferate through the whorl of phialides to produce another whorl at a higher level.
Ascostromata dark brown to black, scattered on the, subiculum and basally immersed, subglobose and 350-400 µm diam. They bear numerous scattered, simple, septate, dark olive-brown to golden brown to brown, cylindrical hyphal appendages up to 600 µm long and 12.5-16.5 µm wide, straight or bent, occasionally anastomosing with each other and merging with the hyphae of the subiculum.
Asci ellipsoidal to obclavate, bitunicate, 160-170 x 55-66 µm, usually with 8 mature ascospores. Ascospore initials obovoid, thick-walled (5 µm) biseriate in the middle of the ascus but uniseriate proximally and distally; initials become 1-septate usually above the middle, eventually elongating with successive transverse septa developing centrifugally until finally the terminal cells narrow abruptly and develop a mucronate end. Mature ascospores are more or less fasciculate within the ascus, straight or slightly curved, ellipsoidal, slightly broader above than below, brown, slightly constricted at the septa, 11- to 13-septate, externally smooth but roughened between peripheral wall layers. Ascospores from 8-spored asci measure 90-122 x 17-20 µm.

New Zealand (Auckland, Wellington, Westland, and Canterbury Provinces).

Subiculum atrum, spongiosum, variabile, usque ad 70 mm lat. et 25 mm crass. Hyphae superficiales, pallide olivaceo-brunneae vel atro-brunneae, laeves, ramosae, anastomosantes, plus minusve cylindricae, ex cellulis plerumque oblongis, 18-31 µm long. x 18-23.5 µm lat. compositae. Ascostromata sicut perithecia videntur, subglobosa, dispersa, semi-immersa, 350-400 µm diam., ornata cum appendiculis cylindricis, septatis, olivaceo-brunneis vel brunneis, ad 600 µm long, 12.5-16.5 µm lat., rectis vel curvatis, aliquando anastomosantibus et hyphas simulantibus. Asci ellipsoidei vel obclavati, bitunicati, 160-170 x 55-66 µm, 8-spori. Ascosporae rectae vel subcurvatae, ellipsoidei, brunneae, 11-13-septatae, ad septas vix constrictae, 90-122 x 17-20 µm utrinque mucronatae.
Stati imperfecti (a) Antennatula: conidia plerumque curvata, fusiformia, laevia, apice mucronata, basi parum inflata, plerumque 11-15-septata et 125-215 x 16.5-21.5 µm
(b) Hormisciomyces: phialides plerumque ovoideae, 8-11 µm long, 4.5-7.2 µm crass., pallide brunneae vel brunneae. Phialoconidia non vidi.
habitat: superficialiter in truncis, ramis, foliisque arborum viventium.

in ramis Coprosmae sp., "New Zealand Wellington Province, Tongariro National Park, Ohakune Mountain Road, c. 1000 m", 7.III.1963. PDD 25763 (DAOM 93430d).

Tumores magnos, aterrimos, 1-3 cm longos vel latos, 1/2-1 cm crassos formans; hyphae intertexae biformes: aliae moniliiformes longissimae, plus minus ramosae, copiosissime septatae, ad septa valde constrictae, leves vel subleves, castaneo-brunneae, quoad crassitudinem valde variabiles 15-24 µ crassae, tandem in conidia bicellularia utrinque rotundata 24-42 x 16-24 µ metientia secedentes; hyphae aliae helminthosporioideae praecipue ad superficiem tumorum evolutae etiam longissimae, ramosae et copiose septatae, sed parum vel modice constrictae, intense olivaceo-brunneae, dense verrucosae, sed non secedentes et conidia oblongo-fusoidea vel clavato-fusoidea utrinque leniter attenuata 8-13-septata non constricts levia olivaceo-brunnea 70-160 x 17-20 µ metientia ut videtur repetite formata gerentia.

Der Pilz macht auf den ersten Anblick den Eindruck einer stattlichen, dicken Hypoxylon-Art. Er ist jedoch auBerst leicht an Gewicht, innen and auBen völlig schwarz and besteht der ganzen Masse nach lediglich aus Hyphen, die mehr oder weniger miteinander verschlungen sind. Diese Hyphen sind nun sehr veränderlich in ihrer Form, besonders ihrer Dicke, doch kann man deutlich zweierlei Haupttypen unterscheiden:
a) Torula-oder perlschnurartige Hyphen. Diese sind sehr lang; wollte man sie ihrer ganzen Lange nach verfolgen, was bei dem Hyphen-gewirr nicht möglich ist, so würde man sicher auf eine Lange von mehreren Millimetern kommen. In ihrer Dicke sind sie verschieden, manchmal nür ca. 14 µ breit, sehr vielfach sind sie aber 24 µ breit; dazwischen findet man alle Abstufungen. Diese Hyphen sind schön kastanienbraun, glatt oder fast glatt, mehr oder weniger stark verzweigt, sehr stark septiert and an den Scheidewanden tief eingeschnurt. Schließlich zerfallen die Hyphen in abgerundete, 2-zellige Konidien, die, je nach der Dicke der Hyphen, aus denen sie entstanden sind, in der Größe sehr variieren. Die Maßextreme der Konidien sind etwa 24-42 x 16-24 µ, An der Scheidewand sind die Konidien stark eingeschnurt, die beiden Zellen oft gleich, oft auch sehr ungleich Groß.
b) Helminthosporium- oder Heterosporium-artige Hyphen, die namentlich an der Oberfläche der Fruchtkörper entwickelt werden. Hinsichtlich ihrer Lange, Verzweigung and Septierung entsprechen these Hyphen den erstgenannten, doch sind sie dunkel olivenbraun, an den zahlreichen Scheidewanden nicht oder nur wenig eingeschnurt and ihrer ganzen Lange nach dicht and ziemlich stark warzig. Meist sind these Hyphen nur 12-17 µ breit, ihre Glieder bis 20 µ lang. An der Spitze sind sie stumpf abgerundet and entwickeln hier, anscheinend wiederholt, Helminthosporium-artige Konidien. Diese Konidien sind im Gegensatz zu den Hyphen vollig glatt, langlich-spindelformig, beidendig verschmalert mit stumpfen Enden, olivbraun, mit 12-14 Scheidewänden versehen, an denen sie nicht eingeschnurt sind. Sie messen 70-160 x 17-20 µ.
Abgesehen von den erwahnten sehr leicht unterscheidbaren beiden Haupttypen trifft man in dem Hyphengewirr aber oft noch andere bedeutend schmalere Hyphen von mitunter nur 5 µ Breite an. Von manchen dieser Hyphen kann man mit Sicherheit voraussagen, daß sie sich zu einer der beiden typischen Hyphenformen entwickeln werden. Ob aber in alien Fallen dine volche Umbildung in eine der beiden Hauptformen stattfindet, ist schwer zu sagen.

Hab. in trunco vivo Nothofagi fuscae, Conway River, Otago, 12.1.1920, leg. E. H. Atkinson (no. 1050).