Type: Sooty Moulds and Similar Fungi; Description: Subiculum superficial, plumose, lumpy, up to 25 mm thick, black; on bark of trunks, branches or twigs. Mycelium composed of brown to dark brown, septate, smooth, straight or curved hyphae, 18–24 μm wide. Ascomata stromatic, scattered, base immersed, dark brown to black, subglobose, 0.35–0.4 mm in diameter, ostiolate, bearing numerous simple, dark olive brown to brown, straight or bent, cylindrical hyphal appendages up to 600 μm long. Asci ellipsoidal to obclavate, 160–170 × 55–65 μm. Ascospores ellipsoidal, straight or slightly curved, 11–13-septate, 90–120 × 17–20 μm, smooth, brown. Antennatula synanamorph. Conidia fusiform, curved to almost sigmoid, septation variable, 8–35-septate (mostly 11–15-septate), 125–215 × 16–21 μm, smooth, dull olive green to dark olive brown to brown.

Distribution: Northland, Auckland, Taupo, Wellington, Nelson, Buller, Westland, North Canterbury, Mid Canterbury, Mackenzie.; 1st Record: Hughes (1974a).

Significance: This fungus is often a component of lumpy subicula containing mixtures of up to five species commonly found on the trunks of Nothofagus spp.; Host(s): Carpodetus serratus, Coprosma foetidissima, Dacrydium cupressinum, Leptospermum scoparium, Nothofagus fusca, N. menziesii, N. solandri var. cliffort-ioides, Phyllocladus alpinus, Pseudopanax sp.

Collections: Twenty-five collections of E. novae-zelandiae were made, mostly as the Antennatula state, on 10 different hosts. In the list that follows, DAOM numbers in bold face indicate the presence of Euantennaria ascostromata, usually associated with the two imperfect states.
Gymnospermae: Dacrydium cupressinum DAOM 96604; Phyllocladus alpinus 96611.
Dicotyledons: Carpodetus serratus 96616; Coprosma foetidissima 96607; Coprosma sp. 93430 (PDD 25763); Leptospermum scoparium 96452; Nothofagus fusca 96596, 96613 (21069), 96614 (21097), 96636 (20822), 96640 (20823), 96642, 96646; N. menziesii 96654; N. solandri var. cliffortioides 96600, 96606, 96621, 96629, (21310), 96650, 96652. 105288, 105925, 106861, 110301; Nothopanax sp. 96625.
The same fungus has been found on two collections, from New Zealand, preserved in Herb. K. These are (1) "Antennaria scoriadea B. [scr. M. C. Cooke]. On Beech, Feb. 1881. Waimakariri (near junction of the Cass River), South Isd., New Zealand, T. Kirk"; (2) "Antennaria scoriadea Berk. [scr. M. J. Berkeley] N. Zealand. 5203. Colenso" (on Fagus [i.e., Nothofagus] Ruahine, fide Mr B. G. Hamlin, in litt).

Subicula spongy, black, thin and ½ mm thick, or thick, lumpy and up to 70 mm wide and 25 mm thick on corticated twigs, branches, or trunks; the surface of subicula is plumose, with hyphae united in tapering fascicles, the larger ones branched and bearing hyphal outgrowths. On bare wood subicula are pulvinate and up to 3 mm wide. The fungus is often a component of lumpy subicula composed of mixtures of up to 5 species as commonly found on trunks of Nothofagus.
Mycelium composed of generally smooth, septate, anastomosing hyphae which are dull olive green to brown when young to brown to dark brown when older, internally roughened between conspicuously distinct outer and inner wall layers, uncommonly externally roughened when young: toward the growing end the cells are almost cylindrical, but successively more inflated away from the apex. Hyphae are straight or curved with the branching often at right angles, but sometimes narrower to 45°; hyphae taper so very gradually toward the apex that they appear cylindrical. Terminal cells of hyphae are 10.8-15.5 µm wide, but mature hyphal cells are barrel-shaped, 18-31 µm long and 18-23.5 µm wide.
Antennatula conidia develop singly from scattered, or from series of, cells of hyphae or from the distal cells of the plumose extensions of the subicula. They are subhyaline and clavate when young with a narrow barrel-shaped basal swelling. At maturity conidia are seldom straight, usually curved and almost sigmoid, with or without a recurved apex; they are fusiform, sometimes abruptly tapered and mucronate at the apex, not constricted at the septa, smooth, dull olive green to dark olive brown to brown, very variable in length and septation, up to 460 µm long and 31-septate but sometimes as short as 95 µm and only 8-septate; they are mostly 11- to 15-septate, 125-215 µm long and 16.5-21.5 µm wide, externally smooth but usually roughened internally between the conspicuous wall layers; the basal barrel-shaped swelling is 6.3-7.0 µm wide. Conidia are partly adpressed to the hyphae that bear them and this is conspicuously so when numerous conidia develop toward the ends of plumose fasicicles to form a black, shining overlapping aggregation.
Hormisciomyces phialophores arise from subicular hyphae and are 1- to multiseptate with a slightly swollen apical cell bearing a whorl of 8 to 10 presumed phialides: the phialides are more or less oval 8-11 x 4.5-7.2 µm, pale brown to brown, distally darkest and thicker walled. Phialospores not seen. Occasionally, phialophores proliferate through the whorl of phialides to produce another whorl at a higher level.
Ascostromata dark brown to black, scattered on the, subiculum and basally immersed, subglobose and 350-400 µm diam. They bear numerous scattered, simple, septate, dark olive-brown to golden brown to brown, cylindrical hyphal appendages up to 600 µm long and 12.5-16.5 µm wide, straight or bent, occasionally anastomosing with each other and merging with the hyphae of the subiculum.
Asci ellipsoidal to obclavate, bitunicate, 160-170 x 55-66 µm, usually with 8 mature ascospores. Ascospore initials obovoid, thick-walled (5 µm) biseriate in the middle of the ascus but uniseriate proximally and distally; initials become 1-septate usually above the middle, eventually elongating with successive transverse septa developing centrifugally until finally the terminal cells narrow abruptly and develop a mucronate end. Mature ascospores are more or less fasciculate within the ascus, straight or slightly curved, ellipsoidal, slightly broader above than below, brown, slightly constricted at the septa, 11- to 13-septate, externally smooth but roughened between peripheral wall layers. Ascospores from 8-spored asci measure 90-122 x 17-20 µm.

New Zealand (Auckland, Wellington, Westland, and Canterbury Provinces).

Subiculum atrum, spongiosum, variabile, usque ad 70 mm lat. et 25 mm crass. Hyphae superficiales, pallide olivaceo-brunneae vel atro-brunneae, laeves, ramosae, anastomosantes, plus minusve cylindricae, ex cellulis plerumque oblongis, 18-31 µm long. x 18-23.5 µm lat. compositae. Ascostromata sicut perithecia videntur, subglobosa, dispersa, semi-immersa, 350-400 µm diam., ornata cum appendiculis cylindricis, septatis, olivaceo-brunneis vel brunneis, ad 600 µm long, 12.5-16.5 µm lat., rectis vel curvatis, aliquando anastomosantibus et hyphas simulantibus. Asci ellipsoidei vel obclavati, bitunicati, 160-170 x 55-66 µm, 8-spori. Ascosporae rectae vel subcurvatae, ellipsoidei, brunneae, 11-13-septatae, ad septas vix constrictae, 90-122 x 17-20 µm utrinque mucronatae.
Stati imperfecti (a) Antennatula: conidia plerumque curvata, fusiformia, laevia, apice mucronata, basi parum inflata, plerumque 11-15-septata et 125-215 x 16.5-21.5 µm
(b) Hormisciomyces: phialides plerumque ovoideae, 8-11 µm long, 4.5-7.2 µm crass., pallide brunneae vel brunneae. Phialoconidia non vidi.
habitat: superficialiter in truncis, ramis, foliisque arborum viventium.

in ramis Coprosmae sp., "New Zealand Wellington Province, Tongariro National Park, Ohakune Mountain Road, c. 1000 m", 7.III.1963. PDD 25763 (DAOM 93430d).