RecentCollections: Sixty collections of Antennatula caulicola were made in 1963, on 44 different hosts; they are listed below.
Filicales: Asplenium bulbiferum DAOM 93408, 96696; Dicksonia fibrosa 96695 (PDD 21296); Gleichenia cunninghami 93416; Grammitis billardieri 93475; Lygodium articulatum 93383; Mecodium demissum 117328 (25886); Phymatodes diversifolium 93424 (21295), 96690; P. scandens 93333.
Gymnospermae: Dacrydium biforme 96668 (21330); Phyllocladus alpinus 93405, 93409. Podocarpus dacrydioides 96692, 96693 (21394); P. ferruginous 96694 (21287); P. spicatus 93487; P. totara 93446.
Dicotyledons: Alseuosmia macrophylla 93391 (21083); Aristotelia serrata 96683; Coprosma spathulata 93445; C. tenuifolia 93420; Coprosma sp. 96664 (25765), 93430; Cyathodes colensoi 96672; C. juniperina 96689 (21379); Elaeocarpus dentatus 96697 (21299); Enargea parviflora 93406; Ixerba brexioides 93485 (21290); Knightia excelsa 93331, 93343; Laurelia novae-zelandiae 96460; Leptospermum scoparium 96218, 96678; Metrosideros fulgens 96688; Myrsine salicina 93422; Neomyrtus pedunculata 117160 (25894); Neopanax arboreum 93421, 93482 (21288); Nothofagus fusca 96674 (20844), 96682 (21102); N. solandri var. cliffortioides 96465 (21321), 96621, 96629 (21311), 96661, 105277, 105288, 105925; Olea sp. 93426; Pittosporum sp. 93477;  Pseudopanax crassifolium 96686; Rubus australis 93476; Salix fragilis 96632; Vitex lucens 97376; Weinmannia racemosa 93466, 96669; W. silvicola 96675, 117438.
Monocotyledons: Astelia cockaynei 93393; Uncinia australis 93481.
OTHER COLLECTIONS: Nine collections of Antennatula caulicola, preserved in other herbaria, are listed below under their country of origin.
New Zealand (a) No. 157. "Antennina scoriadea Berk. (Black moss der Neuseeländer)", Nelson, F. v. Hochstetter, in Herb. BPI; this collection, which also bears Euantennaria mucronata (q.v.), was authenticated for "Hormisciella caulicola Bat. & Oliv.": (b) Swedish Bot. Australasia Exped. 1926-1927, on Drimys coloratus, Lake Kaniere. 17.I.1927, G. Einar and Greta du Rietz, in Herb. UPS.
Chile (c) Svenska Pacificexped. 1916-17. Limacinia scoriadea (Berk.) Keissler. on Myrceugenia fernandeziana, Juan Fernandez, Más a Tierra, C. and I. Skottsberg, 30.III.1917, in Herb. S: (d) Svenska Pacificexped. 1916-17. Limacinia scoriadea, on Escallonia callcottiae, Juan Fernandez, Más a Tierra, C. and I. Skottsberg, 30.XII.1916, in Herb. S: (e) Flora Chilenses 1995, on twigs, Llanquihue, Puerto Varas, B. Sparre, 11.I.1947, in Herb. UPS: (f) on Myrceugenia, Juan Fernandez, Más Afuera. H. A. Imshaug (36776). 27.XI.1965, in Herb. MSC (DAOM 114524). Col­lections (c) and (d) were determined by Keissler and cited by him in 1928.
Australia (g) on Cryptocarya meissneri, Comboyne, New South Wales, L. R. Fraser. in Herb. DAR 12756 (DAOM 110688): (h) on unidentified leaves, Williams River, N.S.W., L. Fraser, VIII. 1935, in Herb. DAR 12693: (i) on Backhousia leaves, Williams River, N.S.W., L. Fraser, VI. 1936, in Herb, DAR.

Description of Euantennaria caulicola
This is a common sooty mould on leaves, twigs, and trunks of various hosts in New Zealand, and one of the most variable. On leaf surfaces it can appear as an open and sparse network of finely to coarsely roughened, golden brown to brown to olivaceous brown repent hyphae. Such repent hyphae on leaves are usually composed of long, barrel-shaped cells which can be 18-36 µm long and 9-16.2 µm wide. When upright hyphae are produced the cells of the aerial hyphae are usually abruptly different from the repent cells: they are darker, thicker-walled (up to 3.5 µm), very coarsely roughened and shorter, measuring 10.5-22 µm long and 10-16 µm wide. Repent hyphae are branched nearly always at right angles or at a wide angle. Aerial hyphae can anastomose, and on twigs and leaf stalks and on bark they may form loose shaggy growths or flattened synnematous fascicles of 30 or more hyphae. On trunks, particularly of Nothofagus, E. caulicola can be one of a mixture of euantennariaceous, metacapnodiaceous, and other sooty moulds growing to­gether to form compact, spongy lumps. On leaves E. caulicola is frequently mixed with species of Trichopeltheca, Enthallopycnidium, Metacapnodium, Tripospermum, and other genera.
Antennatula conidia develop singly from scattered cells or series of cells of hyphae occurring on a leaf surface or on upright hyphae whether these are solitary or united by anastomoses into fascicles. A conidium initial arises as a blastic extension through the roughened outer wall, which, being apparently inextensible, is irregularly torn in the process.
Conidia are subhyaline to pale coloured and clavate when young and successive septa are laid down as the initial elongates: towards maturity most cells become once septate, and this more or less completes the septation of the conidium. At maturity conidia are usually adpressed to, and concolorous with, the hyphae that bear them so that those produced on leaf surfaces are usually pale golden brown to brown, and those on aerial hyphae are usually pale brown to brown to olivaceous brown. Conidia are straight or nearly so or slightly bent near base and apex, thereby appearing somewhat sigmoid: they are fusiform, not or barely constricted at the septa and a subglobose to barrel-shaped swelling about 6.3-7.2 µm wide is nearly always differentiated at the base. In a few collections, including the type of Antennatula caulicola, with very heavily pigmented, rough and thick walls, as on Weinmannia and Nothofagus the basal swelling is present in some conidia but may be poorly developed or absent in others. Some conidia may bear one or even two incipient swellings above the basal one. Conidia are very variable in length and septation, being 8- to 19-, mostly 11- to 13-septate, and 80-125 µm, mostly 120-160 µm long, and 14.2-21.5 µm, mostly 16.5-18.5 m wide. Conidium lengths from all collections include the following: 95-170 µm (10-septate), 100-170 µm (11-septate), 108-164 µm (12-septate), 111-187 µm (13-septate), 122-196µm (14-septate), arid 138-187 µm (15-septate).
Hormisciomyces phialophores arise usually at right angles from repent or aerial hyphae and are 1- to multiseptate. up to 130 µm long and sometimes they bear one or rarely two short subterminal lateral phialophores. The distal cell of the phialophore is slightly swollen and bears a whorl of 6 to 8 phialides: these are smooth or slightly roughened, pale brown to brown, more or less spherical and 4.5-6.3 µm in diameter usually with a short neck. Phialoconidia are hyaline, minute, and ag­gregated in a slimy head. Occasionally a phialophore proliferates through the whorl of phialides to produce another whorl at a higher level.
Ascostromata black, scattered or loosely aggregated, semi-immersed, subglobose, 250-350 µm in diameter, bearing laterally, numerous, scat­tered. simple, septate, brown to dark brown, coarsely roughened hyphal appendages, up to 500 µm long, flexuous. occasionally anastomosed, and merging below with the hyphae of the subiculum.
Asci narrowly ellipsoidal when young; at maturity broadly ellipsoidal to obclavate, bitunicate, 90-125 x 35-50 µm, usually 8-spored. Ascospores straight, more or less ellipsoidal, rounded at both ends, pale brown to brown, smooth, very slightly constricted at the septa, 6-or 7-, mostly 7-septate, 48-74 x 16.2-20 µm, mostly 55-65 x 18 µm, rarely with one cell longitudinally septate.

Distribution: New Zealand (Auckland, Wellington. Nelson, Canterbury, and Westland Provinces). Australia (New South Wales), and Chile (Llanquihue Prov. and Juan Fernandez).

Subiculum brunneum vel atrobrunneum vel atrum, forma variabile, spongiosum, vel ex hyphis synnematosis, irregularibus compositum. Hyphae superficiales, aureo-brunneae vel olivaceo-brunneae, vel atrobrunneae, asperae vel asperrimae, ramosae, anastomosantes, plus minusve cylindricae, ex cellulis oblongis vel doliformibus (18-36 x 9-16.2 µm) vel subcuboideis (10.5-22 µm long. x 10-16 µm lat.) tenui vel crasso-trunicatis (ad 3.5 µm) compositae. Ascostromata sicut perithecia videntur, subglobosa, dispersa vel subaggregata, semi-immersa, 250-350 µm diam., ornata cum appendiculis cylindricis, septatis, brunneis vel atrobrunneis, asperrimis, ad 500 µm long., flexuosis et hyphas simulantibus. Asci late ellipsoidei vel obclavati, bitunicati, 90-125 x 35-50µm, plerumque 8-spori. Ascosporae rectae, plus minusve ellipsoideae, utrinque rotundatae, pallide brunneae vel brunneae, laeves, ad septas subconstrictae, 6- vel 7- plerumque 7-septatae, 48-74 x 16.2-20 µm plerumque 55-65 x 18 µm; raro una cellula plus minusve centralis, septo longitudinali unico praedita.
Stati imperfecti (a) Antennatula caulicola (Bat. & Oliveira) comb. nov =Hormisciella caulicola Bat. & Oliveira, in Batista, An. Soc. Biol. Pernambuco 14: 101. 1956
(b) Hormisciomyces.
Habitat: superficialiter in truncis, ramis, foliis, frondibusque plantarum viventium.

Collections: The type collection of Antennatula caulicola
Antennatula caulicolais based on the Herb. BPI copy of Rehm's Ascomyceten 1574 sub Antennaria scoriadea Berk.; this was collected on the bark of Nothofagus sp., Waimakariri Valley, Canterbury Prov., New Zealand, 1902, and described as Hormisciella caulicola Batista & Oliveira. The BPI and DAOM copies of this exsiccatum have been examined. The BPI copy consists of a lump of compacted hyphae about 25 mm wide. In general appearance, and in texture, this is reminiscent of the type collection of "Hyphosoma hypoxyloides Syd." (Hughes 1970): furthermore, Rehm's exsiccatum too contains a mixture of sooty moulds, including the Antennatula states of Euantennaria mucronata (Fig. 18A) and E. novae-zelandiae (Fig. 18B), and "Hormisciella caulicola." According to the diagnosis and illustration, H. caulicola refers to that element of the type with very rough hyphae composed of cells "5.5-10.5 x 5.5-8 µm" and with smooth 12- to 15-septate conidia measuring 113.5-140.5 x 8-10 µm. The stated dimensions of hyphal cells, and widths of conidia, are evidently wrong: the scale in the illustration indicates that the hyphal cells are about 12-20 µm long and 10-13 µm wide, the loose conidium is about 15 µm wide and the young attached one about 14 µm wide. In the type, the cells of the characteristic hyphae are 13.5-23.5 µm long and 12.5-18 µm wide. The conidia produced on these coarsely roughened hyphae are 11- to 17-septate, more or less fusiform. smooth, and at the base they bear a characteristic subglobose to barrel-shaped swelling 6.3-7.2 µm wide; conidia in the type measure 117-124 x 18-20 µm (11-septate), 126-146 x 18-20µm (12-septate), 126-151 x 18 µm (13-septate), 147-156 x 17-20 µm (14-septate), 140-165 x 17-20 µm (15-septate), 162-173 x 17-20 µm (16-septate), and 180-183 x 17-20 µm (17-septate).
It is in this sense that I lectotypify the name Hormisciella caulicola and I can only assume that the authors of the name missed the charac­teristic swelling at the base of the conidium.
The two other kinds of Antennatula conidia found in the type collection could hardly represent the mature conidium illustrated by Batista & Oliveira because both kinds are curved. The hyphae of one of these kinds are smooth (Euantennaria novae-zelandiae) and those of the other are only finely roughened (E. mucronata).

Typus - in ramis Coprosmae sp. New Zealand. Canterbury Province, Ashley Gorge", J. Dingley, 14.V.1963, PDD 25765 (DAOM 96664).

Collections: Twenty-five collections of E. novae-zelandiae were made, mostly as the Antennatula state, on 10 different hosts. In the list that follows, DAOM numbers in bold face indicate the presence of Euantennaria ascostromata, usually associated with the two imperfect states.
Gymnospermae: Dacrydium cupressinum DAOM 96604; Phyllocladus alpinus 96611.
Dicotyledons: Carpodetus serratus 96616; Coprosma foetidissima 96607; Coprosma sp. 93430 (PDD 25763); Leptospermum scoparium 96452; Nothofagus fusca 96596, 96613 (21069), 96614 (21097), 96636 (20822), 96640 (20823), 96642, 96646; N. menziesii 96654; N. solandri var. cliffortioides 96600, 96606, 96621, 96629, (21310), 96650, 96652. 105288, 105925, 106861, 110301; Nothopanax sp. 96625.
The same fungus has been found on two collections, from New Zealand, preserved in Herb. K. These are (1) "Antennaria scoriadea B. [scr. M. C. Cooke]. On Beech, Feb. 1881. Waimakariri (near junction of the Cass River), South Isd., New Zealand, T. Kirk"; (2) "Antennaria scoriadea Berk. [scr. M. J. Berkeley] N. Zealand. 5203. Colenso" (on Fagus [i.e., Nothofagus] Ruahine, fide Mr B. G. Hamlin, in litt).

Subicula spongy, black, thin and ½ mm thick, or thick, lumpy and up to 70 mm wide and 25 mm thick on corticated twigs, branches, or trunks; the surface of subicula is plumose, with hyphae united in tapering fascicles, the larger ones branched and bearing hyphal outgrowths. On bare wood subicula are pulvinate and up to 3 mm wide. The fungus is often a component of lumpy subicula composed of mixtures of up to 5 species as commonly found on trunks of Nothofagus.
Mycelium composed of generally smooth, septate, anastomosing hyphae which are dull olive green to brown when young to brown to dark brown when older, internally roughened between conspicuously distinct outer and inner wall layers, uncommonly externally roughened when young: toward the growing end the cells are almost cylindrical, but successively more inflated away from the apex. Hyphae are straight or curved with the branching often at right angles, but sometimes narrower to 45°; hyphae taper so very gradually toward the apex that they appear cylindrical. Terminal cells of hyphae are 10.8-15.5 µm wide, but mature hyphal cells are barrel-shaped, 18-31 µm long and 18-23.5 µm wide.
Antennatula conidia develop singly from scattered, or from series of, cells of hyphae or from the distal cells of the plumose extensions of the subicula. They are subhyaline and clavate when young with a narrow barrel-shaped basal swelling. At maturity conidia are seldom straight, usually curved and almost sigmoid, with or without a recurved apex; they are fusiform, sometimes abruptly tapered and mucronate at the apex, not constricted at the septa, smooth, dull olive green to dark olive brown to brown, very variable in length and septation, up to 460 µm long and 31-septate but sometimes as short as 95 µm and only 8-septate; they are mostly 11- to 15-septate, 125-215 µm long and 16.5-21.5 µm wide, externally smooth but usually roughened internally between the conspicuous wall layers; the basal barrel-shaped swelling is 6.3-7.0 µm wide. Conidia are partly adpressed to the hyphae that bear them and this is conspicuously so when numerous conidia develop toward the ends of plumose fasicicles to form a black, shining overlapping aggregation.
Hormisciomyces phialophores arise from subicular hyphae and are 1- to multiseptate with a slightly swollen apical cell bearing a whorl of 8 to 10 presumed phialides: the phialides are more or less oval 8-11 x 4.5-7.2 µm, pale brown to brown, distally darkest and thicker walled. Phialospores not seen. Occasionally, phialophores proliferate through the whorl of phialides to produce another whorl at a higher level.
Ascostromata dark brown to black, scattered on the, subiculum and basally immersed, subglobose and 350-400 µm diam. They bear numerous scattered, simple, septate, dark olive-brown to golden brown to brown, cylindrical hyphal appendages up to 600 µm long and 12.5-16.5 µm wide, straight or bent, occasionally anastomosing with each other and merging with the hyphae of the subiculum.
Asci ellipsoidal to obclavate, bitunicate, 160-170 x 55-66 µm, usually with 8 mature ascospores. Ascospore initials obovoid, thick-walled (5 µm) biseriate in the middle of the ascus but uniseriate proximally and distally; initials become 1-septate usually above the middle, eventually elongating with successive transverse septa developing centrifugally until finally the terminal cells narrow abruptly and develop a mucronate end. Mature ascospores are more or less fasciculate within the ascus, straight or slightly curved, ellipsoidal, slightly broader above than below, brown, slightly constricted at the septa, 11- to 13-septate, externally smooth but roughened between peripheral wall layers. Ascospores from 8-spored asci measure 90-122 x 17-20 µm.

New Zealand (Auckland, Wellington, Westland, and Canterbury Provinces).

Subiculum atrum, spongiosum, variabile, usque ad 70 mm lat. et 25 mm crass. Hyphae superficiales, pallide olivaceo-brunneae vel atro-brunneae, laeves, ramosae, anastomosantes, plus minusve cylindricae, ex cellulis plerumque oblongis, 18-31 µm long. x 18-23.5 µm lat. compositae. Ascostromata sicut perithecia videntur, subglobosa, dispersa, semi-immersa, 350-400 µm diam., ornata cum appendiculis cylindricis, septatis, olivaceo-brunneis vel brunneis, ad 600 µm long, 12.5-16.5 µm lat., rectis vel curvatis, aliquando anastomosantibus et hyphas simulantibus. Asci ellipsoidei vel obclavati, bitunicati, 160-170 x 55-66 µm, 8-spori. Ascosporae rectae vel subcurvatae, ellipsoidei, brunneae, 11-13-septatae, ad septas vix constrictae, 90-122 x 17-20 µm utrinque mucronatae.
Stati imperfecti (a) Antennatula: conidia plerumque curvata, fusiformia, laevia, apice mucronata, basi parum inflata, plerumque 11-15-septata et 125-215 x 16.5-21.5 µm
(b) Hormisciomyces: phialides plerumque ovoideae, 8-11 µm long, 4.5-7.2 µm crass., pallide brunneae vel brunneae. Phialoconidia non vidi.
habitat: superficialiter in truncis, ramis, foliisque arborum viventium.

in ramis Coprosmae sp., "New Zealand Wellington Province, Tongariro National Park, Ohakune Mountain Road, c. 1000 m", 7.III.1963. PDD 25763 (DAOM 93430d).

Collections: Forty-five collections of E. pacifica were made in New Zealand in 1963, mostly as the Antennatula state, on 22 different hosts; eleven of the collections were made on Leptospermum scoparium on which host the fungus fruited abundantly. In the list that follows DAOM numbers in bold face indicate the presence of Euantennaria ascostromata, associated with the two imperfect states.
Filicales: Mecodium demissum DAOM 117328 (PDD 25886): Pteridium aquilinum var. esculentum 96475.
Dicotyledons: Aristotelia serrata 96447 (21013), 96683; Carpodetus serratus 96455 (25764); Coprosma crassifolia 96469 (21312); C. rhamnoides 96125 (21226) 96473 (21302); Coprosma spp. 96440, 96712, 117163 (25890); Cyathodes fasciculata 96432 (20548), 96458 96464 (21333), 96471, 96474 (21341); Fuschia excorticata 96470; Hebe stricta var. stricta 96443; H. stricta var. egmontiana 96080, 96083, 96436 (20715); Laurelia novae-zelandiae 96460; Leptospermum ericoides 96064, 96428 (20411), 96431; L. scoparium 96120, 96215, (21328) 96433 (20626), 96435 (20611), 96438 (20742), 96499 (21044), 96450 96452 96459 (21237), 96467, 96472 (21303); Melicope simplex 96068; Neomyrtus pedunculata 117160 (25894); Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides 96465, 96635; Pittosporum colensoi 96437 (20743); Salix fragilis 96632; Shawia paniculata 96075; Sophora microphylla 96427 (20398); Vitex lucens 96429.
Nine other collections of this species from New Zealand (1-6 in Herb. K), Australia (7, 8), and Chile (9) have been found in other herbaria, mostly labelled Antennaria scoriadea.
(1) "Antennaria scoriadea, B. [scr. Berk.] N. Zealand, Colenso, 4799"; (on Friesia [i.e., Weinmannia] nr. Cape Kidnapper, Hawkes Bay, fide Mr B. G, Hamlin, in litt.); (2) "Antennaria scoriadea, Berk. [scr. Berk.] New Zealand. Colenso. 1428" [cf. p. 312]; (3) "Antennaria scoriadea, Berk. [scr. Berk.] growing on trees. Bay of Plenty, New Zealand 1853, J. J. (Dr Jolliffe]"; (4, 5) "Antennaria scoriadea B. on living trees [scr. M. C. Cooke] [Colenso No.] b. 246" and ditto "b. 247"; (6) "Antennaria scoriadea B. New Zealand. W. Colenso, 626a [scr. M. C. Cooke]".
(7) on Acacia melanoxylon, Gorae, Portland, Victoria, 31.III. 1962, A. C. Beauglehole, Herb. ADW 15626 (DAOM 96060); (8) on Olearia argophylla, Gipps Land, Victoria, the type of Podosporium grande Cooke in Herb. K; the Antennatula state of Euantennaria pacifica is one of the components of this mixed collection (cf. p. 308).
(9) "Antennaria scoriadea Berk. Concepción. leg. Neger", in Herb. S.

Subicula loose or compact, spongy, black, densely plumose with hyphae united into tapering, straight or curved fascicles, the larger ones bearing numerous branches which are progressively shorter toward the apex. Subicula may consist of a few plumose fascicles arising from scanty repent hyphae but a continuous subiculum up to 4 cm wide may surround twigs and branches to a length of up to 50 cm and possibly more. On other twigs and branches subicula may be flattened and com­posed of layers of fasciculate hyphae compoundly branched mostly in one plane. Almost pure colonies of this species were commonly encountered.
Mycelium composed of septate cylindrical hyphae which are coarsely or finely roughened and dull olive green to olive brown to pale brown to brown when young and more or less smooth or faintly striate and brown to dark brown when older; branching is usually at right angles. Individual cells are cylindrical and 9-12 µm wide when young and very slightly inflated or barrel-shaped, 18-36 µm long and 14-18 µm wide when older. Anastomoses are frequent especially in the fascicles of hyphae; up to every third cell of some hyphae may be anastomosed to an adjacent cell of a parallel hypha.
Antennatula conidia develop singly from scattered cells toward the ends of separate hyphae or more commonly from cells of the outermost hyphae of the branched plumose fascicles; they arise at right angles to the hyphae that bear them and give the fascicles a bristly appearance. At maturity conidia are straight or slightly curved, or straight below and distantly curved; they are navicular, sometimes abruptly narrowed at the apex and bluntly mucronate, generally smooth but sometimes finely roughened or striate, slightly constricted at the septa, dull olive green to dark olive brown to brown to pale brown, generally paler at the apex,5- to 9-, rarely 11-septate, usually 7- or 9-septate, 43-57 x 14.5-17 µm (5-septate), 54-86 x 12.5-16.5(-20) µm (7-septate), 81-100 x 15.3-18 µm (9-septate), 112 x 18 µm (one 11-septate conidium).
Hormisciomyces phialophores arise from subicular hyphae or from the hyphae united into fascicles; they are variable in length, 1- to multi-septate, with the apical cell bearing a regular or irregular whorl of 5 to 9 presumed phialides which are more or less ovoid, 7.2-8.1 x 3.7-5.5 µm and pale brown to brown. Phialospores not seen. Phialophores can proliferate through the whorl of phialides to produce another whorl at a higher level and this process may be repeated.
Ascostromata dark brown to black, scattered or in groups, mostly borne laterally on the fasciculate hyphae, sometimes basally immersed, subglobose to apically flattened with an ostiole in a short papillate beak; they are 300-500 µm diam. with a wall 90-120 µm thick, and composed of outer thick-walled dark brown cells merging with inner thin-walled and subhyaline cells. Laterally the ascostromata bear numerous scattered, simple, septate, olive brown to brown cylindrical to slightly tapering hyphal appendages up to 400 µm long and 9-12.5 µm wide, often straight and setose, occasionally fasciculate and anastomosed with each other; they merge below with the hyphae of the subiculum.
Asci at first narrowly ellipsoidal or cylindrical when young; at maturity broadly ellipsoidal to obclavate, bitunicate, 100-135 x 43-47 µm usually with 8 mature ascospores. Ascospore initials narrowly obovoid, thick-walled (3 µm), uniseriate throughout or medially over­lapping: initials become 1-septate usually slightly above the middle, even­tually elongating with successive transverse septa developing centrifugally until finally the terminal cells narrow abruptly and develop a mucronate end. Mature ascospores are fasciculate within the ascus, straight or mostly curved, more or less ellipsoidal, pale brown to brown, smooth, slightly or not constricted at the septa, 5- to 12-septate, 36-100 x 12-20 µm mostly 7- or 9-septate: ascospores from 8-spored asci measure 36-45 x 14.5-18 µm (5-septate), 50-68 x 12-18 µm (7-septate), 59-72 x 12-16 µm (9-septate).

Distribution: New Zealand (Auckland, Hawkes Bay, Nelson, Westland, and Canterbury Provinces), Australia (Victoria), and Chile.

Subiculum atrum, forma variabile, ad 4 cm lat. et 50 cm long., plerumque ex fasciculis plumosis hypharum compositum. Hyphae superficiales, pallide olivaceae vel olivaceo-brunneae vel atro-brunneae, paulum vel asperrimae, ramosae, saepe anastomosantes, cylindricae, ex cellulis oblongis, ad septas subconstrictas, 18-36 x 14-18 µm compositae. Ascostromata sicut perithecia, videntur, subglobosa vel apicem versus plana, ostiolo papillato, dispersa, aliquando basi immersa, 300-500 µm diam., ornata cum appendiculis cylindricis. septatis, brunneis vel olivaceo-brunneis, ad 400 µm long. 9-12.5 µm lat., saepe rectis, aliquando fasciculatis, anastomosantes, et hyphas simulantibus. Asci late ellipsoidei vel obclavati, bitunicati, 100-135 x 43-47 µm plerumque 8-spori. Ascosporae rectae vel curvatae, plus minusve ellipsoideae, utrinque mucronatae, pallide vel atro-brunneae, laeves, ad septas parum si vero constrictae, 5-12-septatae, 36-100 x 12-20 µm, plerumque 7- vel 9-septatae, 50-68 x 12-18 µm (7-sept.) et 59-72 x 12-16 µm (9-sept.).
Stati imperfecti (a) Antennatula : conidia recta vel subcurvata naviculariformia, apicem versus et mucronata et plerumque pallidiora, laevia vel subtiliter aspera vel striata, ad septas paulo constricta, olivacea vel brunnea, 5-9-septata et 43-112 x 12.5-18 µm, plerumque 7- vel 9-septata, 54-86 x 12.5-16.5 (-20) µm (7-sept.) et 81-100 x 15.3-18 µm (9-sept.).
(b) Hormisciomyces: phialides plus minusve ovoideae, 7.2-8.1 x 3.7-5.5 µm, pallide brunneae vel brunneae. Phialoconidia non vidi.
Habitat: superficialiter in truncis, ramis, foliis, frondibusque plantarum viventium.

Typus: in ramis Carpodeti serrati, New Zealand, Canterbury Province, near Ashley Gorge, 14.V.1963, PDD 25764 (DAOM 96455).