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Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956

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Cyttaria pallida Rawlings, Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 84 27 (1956)
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956

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Endemic
Present
New Zealand
Political Region

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Rawlings
Rawlings
1956
27
ICN
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
NZ holotype
species
Cyttaria pallida
New Zealand. Type collection in Forest Research Institute herbarium, collected at Woodlaw State Forest, October, 1946; specimens at Plant Diseases Division, D.S.I.R., Auckland. [ PDD 43106]

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pallida

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Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956

Rawlings (1956) showed that Cyttaria pallida, unlike the other two species of Cyttaria present in New Zealand, formed on the trees fusiforme galls, several feet long. This species is also endemic to New Zealand.

Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956

Type: Caulicolous Fungi; Description: Ascomata a hollow sphere, somewhat flattened, with the outer surface composed of a honeycomb of small, angular, cup-shaped ascigerous cavities, dirty white, up to 1.5 cm in diameter; borne on woody, perennial galls; branch and stem galls long and spindle-shaped, sometimes several feet long; gall surface under the bark with pimple-like projections. Asci cylindrical, 160 × 14 m. Ascospores subglobose, 10 × 8 m, dark, black in mass.
Distribution: Buller, Westland, South Canterbury, Otago Lakes, Southland.; 1st Record: Rawlings (1956).
Significance: Galls cause twisting of branches, which become swollen and brittle; many branches die and others are damaged by wind breakage. In large trees, the crown becomes thin and the branches distorted.; Host(s): Nothofagus menziesii.

Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956

Stromata solitary, or in single or double rows, up to 1.5 cm diam. sub-globose, somewhat flattened, smooth, uniform dirty white (clay coloured), extremely viscid. Base short, hidden, undifferentiated. Hollow at maturity, internal fibres white, orange at base. Apothecia few, up to 50, dull orange yellow. Papillae uniformly distributed between apothecia, conical, elevated above surface of stroma. Pycnidia absent. Asci 150-167 x 14 µ ascospores sub-globose, 7.5-12.5 x 7.5-9.5 µ, dark-coloured in mass, spore print black. Paraphyses shorter than asci, 100 x 2 µ, septate, branched.
Range, Southland northward to Ohakune. Type collection in Forest Research Institute herbarium, collected at Woodlaw State Forest, October, 1946. specimens.at Plant Diseases Division, D.S.I.R., Auckland.
An obligate parasite on Nothofagus (Hook. f.) Oerst., in New Zealand causing large spindle shaped galls.
Fungus in Nothofago menziesii parasiticus, ramos caulesque ulceribus fusiformibus deformans. Stromata nonnunquam solitaria saepius duo in ordines coacta vel in unicum ordinem, ad 1.5 cm lata subglobosa, paululum complanata, levia, omnino leucochracea simillimaque argillae, valde viscida, basi curta, occulta, amorpha; matura cava; nervis internis albis basim versus aurantiacis. Apothecia pauca ad L, subaurantiaca. Papillae inter apothecia ordinatim dispositae coniformes supra stromatis curvaturam exstantes. Pycnidia desunt. Asci 150 µ -167 µ longi 14µ lati. Ascosporae subglobosae 7.5-12.5 µ longae, 7.5-9.5 µ crassae; acervatae suffuscae; in chartam albam caducae atrae. Paraphyses ascis breviores 100 µ longi 2 µ lati septati ramulosi.

C. pallida appear to be nearest to the South American species C. berteroi Berk., but differs from it in colour, size, hollow mature stroma, internal fibres and length of paraphyses.

The first sporophores were seen in Southland in 1946, somewhat later than those of C. gunnii; spore discharge was noted on October 24.

The galls are of an entirely different type from those of C. gunnii or C. nigra. On twigs they appear as longitudinal rows of pimples erupting through the bark, and from these the sporophores arise singly. These galls spread and cause twisting of the branches, which become swollen and brittle; many branches die, others suffering from breakage due to wind. In large trees the crown becomes thin and the branches distorted.

The most striking deformity results from the fungus attacking a small shoot on the trunk of a sapling; in this case the fungus spreads down the twig and attacks the trunk. At first a ridge is formed beneath the bark, as growth proceeds the ridge divides into two and the final result is a paddle-shaped -all. As an example, a sapling of l ½ in d.b.h. had a gall extending 1ft above and 3ft below the source of infection, which was a small twig on the trunk. The canker was 3in wide and the stern three-quarters encircled. The same stem had several such cankers of larger or smaller size and the upper part had been killed by the attack. See Plate 12 B.

In these paddle-shaped galls the central area may be dead, covered by pimples, or may appear to be normal bark. Most of the sporophores occupy the margins of the galls.

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Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria pallida Rawlings (1956)

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Cyttaria pallida Rawlings 1956
[Not available]

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typification
New Zealand. Type collection in Forest Research Institute herbarium, collected at Woodlaw State Forest, October, 1946; specimens at Plant Diseases Division, D.S.I.R., Auckland. [ PDD 43106]

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1cb18658-36b9-11d5-9548-00d0592d548c
scientific name
Names_Fungi
15 December 2003
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