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Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956

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Cyttaria nigra Rawlings, Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 84 26 (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956

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Endemic
Present
New Zealand
Political Region

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Rawlings
Rawlings
1956
26
ICN
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
NZ holotype
species
Cyttaria nigra
New Zealand. Type collection from Woodlaw State Forest, October, 1946, in Forest Research Institute herbarium; specimens at Plant Diseases Division of D.S.I.R. Auckland. [PDD 43105]

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nigra

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Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956

Rawlings (1956) separated this species from Cyttaria gunnii by the large globose galls formed by the tree through an infection of this fungus: he stated that the fructifications are darker coloured and have a smell resembling apricots. This species is endemic to New Zealand.

Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956

Type: Caulicolous Fungi; Description: Ascomata a hollow sphere, with the outer surface composed of a honeycomb of small, angular, cup-shaped ascigerous cavities, black or black and gold, up to 2 cm in diameter; borne on woody, perennial galls; galls roughly spherical, usually considerably more than twice the diameter of the host branch or stem; on larger trees, galls 1 m in diameter or more are common; gall surface under the bark with bluntly rounded projections and a few very short spines. Asci cylindrical, 140 × 15 m. Ascospores subglobose, 10 × 9 m, dark, black in mass.
Distribution: Taupo, Buller, Westland, North Canterbury, Otago Lakes, Southland.; 1st Record: Rawlings (1956).
Significance: Galls are most often found on heavily-branched trees growing either on the borders of clearings or in open stands. Girdling galls may lead to death of the distal part.; Host(s): Nothofagus menziesii.

Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956

Stromata solitary or in dense clusters, up to 2 cm diam, pear shaped, shagreened with black incrustations, dry, black or black and gold, becoming pallid nigger brown. Sterile base undifferentiated, nigger brown, striate, pleated and compressed. Hollow at maturity, internal fibres yellow to orange, often contorted. Apothecia very numerous, up to 200 or more, pallid white. Papillae large, prominent, scattered between apothecia, dome shaped, elevated above surface of stroma. Pycnidia (?) profuse over entire surface, pycnospores not seen (the identity of bodies termed pycnidia is doubtful). Asci 132-150 x 15 µ, ascospores subglobose 9.5-12.5 x 8-12 µ dark coloured in mass, spore print black. Paraphyses as long as asci, 2 µ wide, septate, freely branched, swollen at ends.
Range, recorded from Southland to Lake Taupo in north. Type collection from Woodlaw State Forest, October, 1946, in Forest Research Institute herbarium; specimens at Plant Diseases Division of D.S.I.R. Auckland.
An obligate parasite on Nothofagus menziesii (Hook. f.) Oerst., in New Zealand, causing large globose galls.
Fungus in Nothofago menziesii parasiticus. Stromata solitaria vel dense aggregate, ad 2 cm dimetro, pyriformia, pusulata, robiginosa, sicca, atra vel interdum aurescentia sed mature adusta. Basis sterilis, adusta, striata, plicata compressa; demum cava; nervis internis flavis saepe contorta. Apothecia permulta usque ad CC, alba. Papillae magnae, exstantes, inter apothecia dispersae, fornicatae, super stromata elatae. Pycnidia (?) in tota superficia densa. Pycnidiosporas non vidi. Asci 132-150 µ longi 15 µ lati. Ascosporae 9.5-12.5 µ longae 8-12 µ latae caducae in chartam albam atrae. Paraphyses ascos longitudine aequantes, 2 µ lati septati ramulosi extremis tumidulis.

C. nigra comes nearest to C. espinosae Lloyd, but differs from it in colour, internal fibres and shape of apothecia. Both species have a smell resembling apricots. Galls of C. nigra resemble those of C. harioti. Sporophores of C. nigra occur about the same time as those of C. gunnii; the first shedding of spores in 1946 was noted on October 10. The galls are distinguished from those of C. gunnii by their large size in relation to the diameter of the host stem, and their greater height in proportion to diameter. One sapling of 3 in d.b.h. had a gall at 8ft from the ground, 30 in in circumference and 7 in high, completely encircling the stem. This was separated by only 2 in from another, 26 in in circumference and encircling the stem except for a space of 1 in.

Relatively larger galls are found on larger trees; galls of 3ft or more in diameter are frequent. Where the upper part of the attacked tree or branch dies, globose galls of a foot or more in diameter are common.

When the bark is removed the gall is seen to differ from C. gunnii in that the spines are very short and less numerous, they arise from bluntly rounded projections on the surface of the gall. The scar left when the fructification falls is orange in colour and may retain the orange cartilaginous tube from the stroma.

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Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
Cyttaria nigra Rawlings (1956)

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Cyttaria nigra Rawlings 1956
[Not available]

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typification
New Zealand. Type collection from Woodlaw State Forest, October, 1946, in Forest Research Institute herbarium; specimens at Plant Diseases Division of D.S.I.R. Auckland. [PDD 43105]

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1cb18657-36b9-11d5-9548-00d0592d548c
scientific name
Names_Fungi
23 March 2022
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