Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Caption:

Details

Name scientific

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Preferred name

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Taxonomy reference

Segedin, B.P.; Pennycook, S.R. 2001: A nomenclatural checklist of agarics, boletes, and related secotioid and gasteromycetous fungi recorded from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 39(2): 285-348.

Biostatus

Origin

Occurrence

Georegion

Schema

Biostatus source

Comment

Exotic

Present

New Zealand

Political Region

Anon

1st Record 1920 (PDD 866)

Nomenclature

Authors

(L.) Lam.

Original authors

Combination authors

Lam.

Publication place

Lamarck, J.B.A.P. de M. de 1783: Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique. 1. Panckoucke; Plomteux.

Year published

1783

Publication page

111

Sanctioning author

Fr.

Nomenclatural code

ICN

Basionym

Agaricus muscarius L. 1753

Taxonomic rank

species

Canonical form

Amanita muscaria

Classification

Kingdom

Fungi

Phylum

Basidiomycota

Class

Agaricomycetes

Order

Agaricales

Family

Amanitaceae

Genus

Amanita

Species

muscaria

Subordinates

Amanita muscaria var. formosa

Vernacular names

Language of use: English

Synonyms

Agaricus muscarius L. 1753

Associations

View full associations record

Association type

Associated organism

Association source

has mycorrhizal host

Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco

Chu-Chou, M.; Grace, L.J. (1987)

has host

Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco

De Roman, M.; Claveria, V.; De Miguel, A.M. (2005)

has mycorrhizal host

Pinus contorta Loudon

Dickie, I.A.; Bolstridge, N.; Cooper, J.A.; Peltzer, D.A. (2010)

has host

Arbutus

Gadgil, P.D. (in association with Dick, M.A.; Hood, I.A.; Pennycook, S.R.) (2005)

has host

Nothofagus

Lintott, W.H.

has host

Nothofagus

McKenzie, E.H.C.; Buchanan, P.K.; Johnston, P.R. (2000)

has host

Arbutus

Ridley, G.S.; Dick, M.A. (2001)

has mycorrhizal host

Pinus radiata D.Don

Walbert, K.; Ramsfield, T.D.; Ridgway, H.J.; Jones, E.E. (2010)

has host

Pinus radiata D.Don

Walbert, K.; Ramsfield, T.D.; Ridgway, H.J.; Jones, E.E. (2010)

has host

Betula pendula Roth

PDD (6 records from [Not available].)

has host

Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Carrière

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Eucalyptus parviflora F. Muell.

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Eugenia smithii Poir. 1789

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Fagus sylvatica L.

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Kunzea

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. 1983

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Larix

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Leptospermum

PDD (2 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagaceae

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus

PDD (5 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus fusca (Hook.f.) Oerst.

PDD (3 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus menziesii (Hook.f.) Oerst.

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus nitida (Phil.) Krasser 1896

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus solandri (Hook.f.) Oerst.

PDD (15 records from [Not available].)

has host

Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook.f.) Poole

PDD (3 records from [Not available].)

has host

Pinus

PDD (7 records from [Not available].)

has host

Pinus contorta Loudon

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Pinus radiata D.Don

PDD (12 records from [Not available].)

has host

Pinus strobus L.

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Populus

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco

PDD (4 records from [Not available].)

has host

Quercus ilex L.

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

has host

Quercus robur L.

PDD (2 records from [Not available].)

has host

Tilia cordata

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Chalciporus piperatus (Bull.) Bataille 1908

PDD (4 records from [Not available].)

is host of

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Murray) Parl.

PDD (1 records from [Not available].)

Descriptions

Gadgil, P.D. (in association with Dick, M.A.; Hood, I.A.; Pennycook, S.R.) 2005: Fungi on trees and shrubs in New Zealand. Fungi of New Zealand. 4. Fungal Diversity Press.

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Description

Type: Mycorrhizal Fungi; Description: Basidiomata pileate. Pileus scarlet, paling to orange at the margin, up to 130 mm in diameter, sprinkled with remnants of the volva forming white warty patches which are often arranged concentrically, convex at first, becoming almost plane later, viscid when young, dry later; flesh firm, white. Gills crowded, free, white. Stipe tapering slightly towards the pileus from a bulbous base, white and striate above a membranaceous white to yellowish annulus, white to dirty white below, hollow, up to 170 mm long. Basidiospores subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 0-septate, 9–11 × 7–8 μm, hyaline, non-amyloid; spore print white.

Distribution

Distribution: Northland, Auckland, Coromandel, Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Taranaki, Taupo, Wanganui, Wellington, Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, Wairarapa, Nelson, Fiordland, Marlborough, North Canterbury, Mid Canterbury, Dunedin, Southland, Chatham Islands.; 1st Record: Birch (1937).

Notes

Pathogenicity

Significance: This is the classic toadstool familiar to everyone. It is one of the most common and striking agarics associated with introduced tree species in New Zealand. Unlike most introduced mycorrhizal fungi, it has been recorded in indigenous forests in association with Nothofagus and Leptospermum (Stevenson 1962, Horak 1971). Recent reports (Johnston et al. 1998; Orlovich & Cairney 2004) indicate A. muscaria may be locally common in Nothofagus forests in several areas in the South Island. The fungus was isolated from, and experimentally shown to be, a mycorrhizal partner of Pinus radiata (Chu-Chou 1979) and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Chu-Chou & Grace 1981c). It has not been recorded in nurseries and is found only in older (>6-year-old) plantations (Chu-Chou & Grace 1988).; Host(s): Arbutus sp., Betula pendula, Castanea sativa, Eucalyptus ficifolia, E. pauciflora subsp. pauciflora, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua, Nothofagus fusca, N. menziesii, N. solandri var. solandri, N. solandri var. cliffortioides, Pinus nigra subsp. laricio, P. radiata, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus robur.

Horak, E. 1971: A contribution towards the revision of the Agaricales (Fungi) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 9(3): 403-462.

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Notes

This conspicuous species occurs in New Zealand under various exotic trees where it forms mycorrhizas, and there is no question that this agaric is an introduced species. However, like Stevenson (25), we found many fruiting bodies of this species in native bush with Nothofagus and Leptospermum. It would be interesting to know if this introduced mycorrhizal fungus can change its host and form partnerships with these two indigenous genera which normally form ectotrophic mycorrhizas with numerous indigenous Agaricales. The wide host range of A. muscaria sugests that this possibility is not unlikely.

Ridley, G.S. 1991: The New Zealand species of Amanita (Fungi: Agaricales). Australian Systematic Botany 4(2): 325-354.

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Description

Basidiocarps medium to large, solitary to gregarious. Pileus to 130 mm, convex to plano- convex, then plano-depressed, margin sulcate (c. 0.07 R), entire, disc scarlet, paling to orange at the margin, then developing a metallic bronze appearance, viscid when young or wet, drying with age, volva remnants forming squarish to pointed, white warts on disc, becoming narrow, flocculent patches towards margin, often arranged concentrically. Lamellae crowded, free, 6- 10 mm wide, white; lamellulae subtruncate. Stipe to 170 mm high, 20-23 mm diameter, hollow, from bulbous base, 32-33 mm diameter, surface above annulus floccose to pulverulent, striate, white, below annulus sparsely floccose, white to sordid white, basal bulb crowned with concentric bands or squarish warts. Annulus membranous, pendulous then adhering to stipe, white to primrose. Context of pileus white, with orange to pale luteous directly under the pileipellis, stipe white.

Spore print white. Basidiospores (20/2), 9-10.5 x 7-5-8 µm, Q^m 1. 38, Q 1. 12-1.40, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, inamyloid. Basidia 50-63. 5 x 10-13 µm, 4-spored, not clamped. Lamella margin cells indistinct. Pileipellis composed of c. 460 µm wide, gelatinised suprapellis, and dense, non-gelatinised subpellis. Volva remnants from pileus composed of globose, elliptic or clavate, hyaline cells, to 40 x 20 µm, with abundant hyphae to 8 µm wide; tending to vertically arranged on the disc, less so towards the pileus edge.

Stevenson, G. 1962: The Agaricales of New Zealand: II. Kew Bulletin 16(1): 65–74.

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Description

This species often reaches large size in New Zealand, up to 25 cm. diam. and 30 cm. tall. Spores are 8-10 x 11-12um which agrees with the dimen- sions given by Bresadola and is a little larger than 9.5-10.5 x 7-8 which is given by Lange (1935). Colour and other features agree exactly with those of European specimens.

Notes

It is very abundant throughout the north island of New Zealand and the northern part of the south island where it is associated with the commonly planted exotic tree, Pinus radiata. However, although P. radiata plantations are numerous further south, A. muscaria is not found with them, its place apparently being taken by Boletus luteus. Besides being associated with Pinus this species has been collected also under Betula, under Spanish Chestnut, in a shrub garden and also once (Stevenson at Lake Rotoiti, Nelson) in Cyathodes scrub near Nothofagus; all these occurrences were far distant from any pine trees.

Taxonomic concepts

Name

Cited name

Reference

Preferred name

Parent name

Agaricus muscarius L. 1753

Agaricus muscarius L. (1753)

Armstrong, J.B. (1880)

Agaricus muscarius L. 1753

Agaricus muscarius L. (1753)

Fries, E.M. (1821)

Agaricus muscarius L. 1753

Agaricus muscarius L. (1753)

Linnaeus, C. von (1753)

Agaricus muscarius L. 1753

Agaricus muscarius L. (1753)

Segedin, B.P.; Pennycook, S.R. (2001)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Allen, J.W.; Merlin, M.D.; Jansen, K.L.R. (1991)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Anon.

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Bagley, S.J.; Orlovich, D.A. (2004)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Birch, T.T.C. (1937)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Chu-Chou, M. (1979)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Chu-Chou, M.; Grace, L.J. (1981)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Chu-Chou, M.; Grace, L.J. (1983)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Chu-Chou, M.; Grace, L.J. (1983)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam.

Chu-Chou, M.; Grace, L.J. (1987)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam.

Chu-Chou, M.; Grace, L.J. (1988)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Chu-Chou, M.; Grace, L.J. (1990)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

De Roman, M.; Claveria, V.; De Miguel, A.M. (2005)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam.

Dickie, I.A.; Bolstridge, N.; Cooper, J.A.; Peltzer, D.A. (2010)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Dingley, J.M. (1978)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Dunstan, W.A.; Dell, B.; Malajczuk, N. (1998)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Freeston, R.; Freeston, A. (2008)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Gadgil, P.D. (in association with Dick, M.A.; Hood, I.A.; Pennycook, S.R.) (2005)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Geml, J.; Laursen, G.A. et al. (2006)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Hall, I.R.; Buchanan, P.K.; Wang, Y.; Cole, A.L.J. (1998)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Holden. E.M. (2003)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Hood, I.A.

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Horak, E. (1971)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Horne, D. (2000)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Johnston, P.R.; Buchanan, P.K. (1997)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Johnston, P.R.; Buchanan, P.K.; Leathwick, J.; Mortimer, S. (1998)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Lamarck, J.B.A.P. de M. de (1783)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Lintott, W.H.

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

McKenzie, E.H.C.; Buchanan, P.K.; Johnston, P.R. (2000)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Oda, T; Tanaka, C.; Tsuda, M. (2004)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam.

Orlovich, D.A.; Cairney, J.W.G. (2004)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Pennycook, S.R. (2004)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Pennycook, S.R.; Galloway, D.J. (2004)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Rawlings, G.B. (1951)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Rawlings, G.B. (1958)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Ridley, G.S. (1991)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Ridley, G.S. (2004)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Ridley, G.S.; Dick, M.A. (2001)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Ridley, G.S.; Horne, D. (2006)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Ridley, G.S.; Taylor, G.M. (1997)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Robinson, R. (2010)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Segedin, B.P. (1987)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Segedin, B.P.; Beever, R.E.; Johnston, P.R.; Buchanan, P.K. (1991)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Segedin, B.P.; Pennycook, S.R. (2001)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Shaw, E. (1990)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Stevenson, G. (1958)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Stevenson, G. (1962)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Stevenson, G. (1981)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Stevenson, G. (1982)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Suzuki, A.; Fukiharu, T. et al. (2003)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Taylor, G.M. (1970)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Taylor, G.M. (1981)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Walbert, K.; Ramsfield, T.D.; Ridgway, H.J.; Jones, E.E. (2010)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Walbert, K.; Ramsfield, T.D.; Ridgway, H.J.; Jones, E.E. (2010)

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (1783)

Wang, Y.; Sinclair, L.; Hall, I.R.; Cole, A.L.J. (1995)

Global name resources

Index Fungorum - Amanita muscaria

MycoBank - Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam.

Collections

Determined name

Country

Geographic region

Indicative databased records

Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. 1783

[Not available]

Identification keys

Identification key

Ridley, G.S. 1991: The New Zealand species of Amanita (Fungi: Agaricales). Australian Systematic Botany 4(2): 325-354.

Metadata

Record id

1cb17d41-36b9-11d5-9548-00d0592d548c

Record class

scientific name

Record source

Names_Fungi

Date added

1 January 2000

Date last updated

27 October 2022

BIOTAof NEW ZEALAND

BIOTA of NEW ZEALAND

Names and classification of bacteria, fungi, land invertebrates and plants