= Labyrinthomyces phymatodeus Zhang & Minter (1988). Syst. Ascomycetum 7,48.

Sporocarps up to 2.5 cm in diam., subglobose, with irregularly polygonal warts, 0-4-1 mm broad at base, 0-2-0-4 mm tall, in youth with parallel lines on the surface, brown, without a basal attachment. Gleba yellowish brown, chambers lined and at maturity filled with a hymenium of paraphyses, asci and spores. Peridium 500-1000 (-1300) fim thick, including warts 300-450 fim tall, two-layered; epicutis 200-300 µm thick, of pale brown cells up to 24 µm in diam. in a textura angularis; subcutis 300-700 (-1000) µm thick, of pale yellowish brown, loosely interwoven hyphae, up to 5 µm in diam. Trama of tissue similar to that of subcutis. Asci c. 310-350 x 25-35 fim, cylindrical, mostly 8-spored, thin-walled, nonamyloid. Paraphyses scattered, cylindrical, 2-3 µm in diam., hyaline, septate, equal in length to asci. Spores globose, 17-22 (-25) µm excluding the cyanophilic ornamentation of scattered to crowded, rounded warts 1-4 x 1-5 fim, smooth and hyaline in youth, pale yellow at maturity, the walls 2 µm thick.

Etymology: Latin phymatodea (warty), in reference to the peridium.

Presumptive Mycorrhizal Hosts
Associated with Leptospermum sp. (Zhang and Minter 1988).

Dingleya phymatodea differs from the other species with spores < 25 µm in diam. and in its much longer, relatively thin-walled asci. The holotype from New Zealand was recorded by Zhang and Minter (1988) as collected from Taranaki by H. Lintott. Dr Ross Beever of DSIR Plant Protection, Auckland, New Zealand (personal communication), indicates that the holotype was actually collected by B. Thompson of Taranaka and R. Dean in the Kaimanawa Range and sent to Mr Lintott of Christchurch, who forwarded it to PDD for study. Not many truffle-like fungal species have been recorded in both New Zealand and Australia. Dingleya phymatodea and Labyrinthomyces varius are the only two of the genera discussed in this paper to be so.

Ascocarps hypogeous, with a brown, verrucose peridium. Gleba white with rounded to narrow, labyrinthine chambers lined with a hymemal palisade and filled with asci, paraphyses and spores. Asci cylindric, mostly 8-spored. Spores globose to ellipsoid, hyaline to brown, ornamented with cyanophilic, rounded to irregular warts or ridges. Type species: Dingleya verrucosa Trappe.

Etymology: In honour of New Zealand mycologist, Miss Joan M. Dingley.

= Labyrinthomyces turbinatus Zhang & Minter (1988). Syst. Ascomycetum 7, 48.
Sporocarps up to 2-5 cm in diam., turbinate, napiform or ellipsoidal, with deep cracks, often with minute flattened polygonal warts, glabrous, brown and slightly red in some parts to dull brown, sometimes with an inconspicuous basal attachment. Gleba pale yellowish brown, with labyrinthine chambers, 0-5-3.0 x 0.4-0-6 mm, lined and at maturity with a hymenium of paraphyses, asci, and spores. Peridium 400-650 µm thick, (including warts 80-250 µm tall) two-layered; epicutis ± 100 µm thick, of pale brown, angular cells in places, interwoven hyphae elsewhere, the hyphae up to 13 µm in diam. with walls up to 2 fim thick; subcutis 300-550 µm thick, of hyphae 3-5 µm in diam. at septa, the cells inflated up to 10 (-20) µm. Trama tissue similar to that of subcutis. Asci 250-300 x 25-35 µm, cylindrical and tapering towards the base, 8-spored, walls 1-5 µm thick, non-amyloid. Paraphyses cylindrical, 4-5 µm in diam., hyaline, with rounded apices, equal in length to the asci or often elongated and anastomosing with paraphyses arising from the opposite side of the chamber. Spores (Fig. 1) globose, 18-25 µm in diam. excluding the cyanophilic ornamentation of scattered hemispherical warts 0.5-1.5 µm x 0.5-2 (-3) µm, smooth, hyaline in youth, pale brown at maturity, walls 2-5-3 µm thick.
Etymology: Latin turbinata (top-shaped), in reference to the shape of the sporocarps.
Presumptive Mycorrhizal Hosts: Unknown.

Sporocarps up to 3-5 cm in diam. when dried, subglobose to lobed, dark brown, surface verrucose with subangular warts 0.2-0.4 x 0.2-1.0 mm, small pubescent patches scattered among warts. Gleba dark brown with yellowish white trama and labyrinthine chambers 0.2-1.0 mm wide, lined and filled with a hymenium of paraphyses, asci and spores.
Peridium two-layered; epicutis 50-150 µm thick, of elongate to ± isodiametric cells 8-25 (-30) µm in diam., with yellowish brown walls 2-3 µm thick, grading into the subcutis of interwoven, hyaline hyphae 4-6 µm in diam. Asci 230-280 x 25-30 µm, cylindrical, hyaline, 8-spored, thin-walled, nonamyloid. Paraphyses ± 2 µm in diam., hyaline, thin-walled, elongate with rounded apex, equal to or shorter in length than the asci.
Spores (Fig. 4) ellipsoid, 19-28 x 15-18 µm excluding the cyanophilic ornamentation of vinaceous brown, rounded knobs and ridges 4-12 x 2-5 µm, walls up to 3 µm thick, smooth and hyaline in youth.
Etymology: Latin verrucosa (warty), in reference to the peridial surface.
Presumptive Mycorrhizal Hosts Unknown.

Sporocarps 15-35 mm in diam., subglobose, sparingly to densely tomentose, brown with a reticulum of pale brownish yellow to yellowish brown, low meandering ridges, between the ridges even to verrucose with irregular, rounded warts. Gleba white in youth, in age the trama becoming light brown, with labyrinthine, often branching, mostly empty chambers 2-10 x 0.5-2.0 mm, lined with a hymenium of asci and paraphyses that is pale brown in youth, becoming brown to dark brown at maturity. Odour faintly sweet. Peridium two-layered; epicutis 100-250 µm thick, of interwoven hyphae 4-7 µm in diam. with brown walls 0.5-1.5 µm thick and scattered angular to inflated cells up to 15 µm in diam., with a turf of emergent, round-tipped, pale brown, straight to sinuous, smooth or occasionally granulated hyphal tips 10-75 x 3-4 µm, walls 0.5-1.0 µm thick; subcutis of hyaline, interwoven, thin-walled hyphae 3-5 (-8) µm in diam. Trama tissue similar to that of subcutis. Asci 300-345 x 22-28 µm, (2-) 8 spored, long tapered to an obscurely forked base, the lateral walls 1-2 fim thick, the tip wall ± 1 µm thick. Paraphyses 5-7 µm in diam., septate, thin-walled, less than half as long as the asci. Spores (Fig. 3) globose, 18-25 µm in diam., excluding the cynanophilic ornamentation of crowded, rounded warts 1-4 x 1-5 (-7) µm, smooth, hyaline in youth, light brown at maturity, walls 1.5-2 µm thick.

Etymology; Latin varius (various) in reference to the considerable variability in size and proportionate development of chambers and trama.

Presumptive Mycorrhizal Hosts
Associated in the field with Allocasuarina littoralis, Eucalyptus diversicolor, E. globulus, E. grandis, E. jacksonii, E. pilularis, E. saligna, E. tereticornis, E. torelliana, and probably other species of these genera.

= Labyrinthomyces subgenus Simplex Zhang & Minter (1988). Syst. Ascomycetum 7,47.
Etymology: In honour of Dr Paul Reddell, who organised our collection trips to Queensland and is an accomplished collector of truffle-like fungi.

Differing from Labyrinthomyces and Dingleya in its smooth, glabrous peridium and asci with only 1-4 (-5) spores. Ornamentation of spores of some species collections swells inordinately in KOH. True ornamentation can be viewed in H20, Melzer's reagent or cotton blue.