New Zealand: "Auckland, Waitakere Range, Fern Track; 9.v.1974, leg. Dingley" (PDD, 27115: holotype; ZT, 74/542: isotype).

Pileus 15-30 mm diam., hemispherical when young, convex to campanulate, becoming expanded; beige to cinnamon or avellanous; dry, disc smooth, rimose-fibrillose to splitting towards estriate margin, veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnexed, ventricose, crowded; concolorous with pileus, albofimbriate. Stipe 20-40 x 3-4 mm, cylindrical, slightly attenuated upwards, at base with marginate bulb; concolorous with pileus or paler; dry, pruinose all over, cortina absent, solid, single and cespitose. Context pale brown. Odour and taste unknown.
Spores 7.5-10 x 7-8 µm, ovoid, with numerous hemispherical to convex knobs, brown. Basidia 25-40 x 7-8 µm, 4-spored. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia 55-80 x 10-18 µm, elongate-fusoid to lageniform, metuloid, hyaline, crystals present. Caulocystidia similar to cheilocystidia but larger, 40-90 x 10-20 µm. Cuticle a cutis of cylindrical hyphae (5-15 µm diam.), membranes encrusted with brownish pigment. Clamp connections present.

On soil under Leptospermum (L. scoparium, L. ericoides). New Zealand.

Pileo -30 mm lato, e convexo campanulato, argillaceo vel avellaneo, fibrilloso-rimoso, sicco. Lamellis adnexis, cinnamomeis vel avellaneis. Stipite -40 x -4 mm, cylindrico, marginato-bulboso, pileo concolori, pruinoso. Sporis 7.5-10 x 7-8 µm, nodulosis. Cystidiis fusoideis, metuloideis, incrustatis. Habitatio ad terram sub Leptospermo. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27115).

The microscopical characters of this species remind one of A. asterospora s.str. Cleland (1934) (WAITE, 12692) but the spores of the Australian taxon have less pronounced knobs and the cheilo-and pleurocystidia are considerably smaller.

New Zealand: "Westland, Okarito Trig; 19.ii.1969, leg. Horak" (PDD, 27114: holotype; ZT, 69/97: isotype).
In New Zealand there is no other species of Astrosporina (or Inocybe) which when fresh smells like bitter almonds. In the Northern Hemisphere at least two species of Inocybe, I. hirtella Bres. and I. scabella Fr. s.str. Kuhn, do have this same particular odour.

Pileus -25 mm diam., conical at first, becoming campanulate or broadly convex-umbonate; beige or ochraceous brownish with reddish tint, covered with whitish fibrils when young; innately fibrillose, becoming squamulose or scaly at the disc, lacerate towards the margin; dry, without conspicuous veil remnants. Lamellae adnate, ventricose; whitish turning beige-grey, with white fimbriate edge, L 14-20, 1 3 (-5). Stipe 15-25 x 2-3 mm, cylindrical, with small, marginate bulb at the base (-5 mm diam.); whitish, with brownish hue when old; whole length covered with whitish minute longitudinally arranged fibrils, conspicuous veil remnants absent; dry, hollow, single in groups. Context white. Odour strong, like bitter almonds (as I. hirtella Bres.).
Spores 8.5-10 x 5.5-6.5 µm, nodulose, brown. Basidia 22-30 x 8-10 µm, 4-spored. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia 40-60 x 14-20 µm, fusoid, thick-walled, hyaline, encrusted. Caulocystidia not distinctive. Cuticle a trichoderm of cylindrical hyphae (5-10 µm diam.), membranes encrusted with brown pigment. Clamp connections numerous.

On soil under Leptospermum scoparium in coastal forests. New Zealand.

Pileo -25 mm lato, e campanulato convexo-urnbonato, argillaceo vel vulpino, squamoso-fibrilloso, sicco. Lamellis adnatis, ex albido griseo-argillaceis. Stipite -25 x -3 mm, cylindraceo, ad basim sub-marginato, albido, fibrillis concoloribus obtecto. Odore   amygdalino. Sporis 8.5-10 x 5.5-6.5 µm, nodulosis. Cystidiis metuloideis, incrustatis. Habitatio ad terram sub Leptospermo. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27114).

Lange (1938, Fl. Dan. 117G); Bresadola (1930, Ic. Fung. 766/2).

New Zealand: "Auckland, Waitemata Co., Clark's Bush; 13.vi.1973, leg. Dingley" (PDD, 30849).

Pileus 20-30 mm diam.; hemispherical, convex to campanulate or umbonate-expanded; beige-brown to hazel-brown; dry, silky to fibrillose, rimose, later splitting towards estriate margin; veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnexed to sub free, crowded, ventricose; argillaceous turning deep brown, edge albo-fimbriate or concolorous. Stipe 30-40 x 3-4 mm, cylindrical or slightly attenuated towards apex, at base with marginate bulb (-6 mm diam.); concolorous with pileus or paler; dry, pruinose all over, striate, veil remnants absent, solid, single. Context brownish. Odour and taste acrid.
Spores 10-13 x 8.5-10 µm, ovoid, with numerous conical blunt projections, substellate, brown. Basidia 25-35 x 7-9 µm, 4-spored. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia 40-50 x 13-17 µm, fusoid, hyaline, metuloid (-3 µm diam. near apex), encrusted with crystals. Caulocystidia like cheilocystidia but larger, 50-60 x 15-20 µm. Cuticle a cutis of fasciculate not gelatinised hyphae (3-7 µm diam.), membranes encrusted with brownish (KOH) pigment. Clamp connections present.

On soil under Leptospermum ericoides. New Zealand, Northern Hemisphere.

It may surprise one that this common Northern Hemisphere species occurs in New Zealand. To my knowledge A. asterospora is also found in New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Malaysia. Under these circumstances the record in New Zealand is not as isolated as it first appears.

New Zealand: "Westcoast, Lake Haupiri, Kopara; 8.xii.1967, leg. Horak" (PDD, 27118: holotype; ZT, 67/222; isotype). "Canterbury, Mt Grey, Kowai River; 31.xii.1968, leg. Horak" (ZT, 68/692).

Pileus -50 mm diam., convex with broad umbo, campanulate, expanded in old carpophores; colour varying from beige, light brown to hazel-brown, yellow or ochre tints absent; strongly innate fibrillose, rimose and splitting towards the striate margin, centre smooth; subviscid when wet, veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnexed to adnate, crowded (1 -7), ventricose; whitish grey turning grey-beige, with white fimbriate edges. Stipe 35-60 x 4-6 mm, cylindrical, with strongly marginate bulb (-14mm diam.); white later turning light brown with reddish or pink tints; pruinate all over, often substriate with longitudinal lines; veil remnants none, dry, solid, single or in groups. Context white in pileus, reddish brown in cortex of stipe. Odour not distinctive.
Spores 9-11 x 6.5-9 µm, nodulose, knobs conspicuous, brown. Basidia 25-40 x 10-13 µm, 4-spored. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia 45-90 x 10-24 µm, fusoid, thick-walled (-4 µm diam.), encrusted, hyaline. Caulocystidia identical. Cuticle a cutis of repent cylindrical hyphae (6-15 µm diam.), encrusted with yellow-brown pigment. Clamp connections present.

On soil in Nothofagus forests (N. cliffortioides, N. menziesii, N. fusca). New Zealand.

Pileo -50mm lato, convexo-campanulato, argillaceo vel avellano, fibrilloso-rimoso, subviscido. Lamellis adnexis, albogriseis dein argillaceis, albofimbriatis. Stipite -60 x -6 mm, cylindraceo, bulboso, albo rufescente, pruinoso. Odore nullo. Sporis 9-11 X 6.5-9 µm, gibbosis. Cheilo et pleurocystidiis fusoideis, crasse tunicatis, incrustatis. Habitatio in silvis nothofagineis. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27118).

Macroscopically there are no differences between A. avellana from New Zealand and Inocybe fuscata Singer from the Nothofagus forests of Chile and Argentina. Microscopical examination, however, shows that the morphology of the spores and cystidia is distinct. Inocybe tequendamae Singer (from Colombia) is another closely related species in South America associated with Quercus spp.

New Zealand: "Nelson, Lake Rotoiti, West Bay; 29.1V.1968, leg. Horak" (PDD, 27116: holotype; ZT, 68/317: isotype).

Pileus -35 mm diam., hemispherical when young becoming convex-umbonate to campanulate; beige to light brown, reddish brown in centre; slightly viscid when wet, innately fibrillose, veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnate, densely crowded, ventricose; grey turning beige-brownish, edge paler, fimbriate. Stipe 25-50 x -5 mm, cylindrical, with strongly marginate, bulbous base (-12 mm diam.); whitish turning reddish brownish; pruinate for whole length; solid, single in groups; bulb outside white. Context whitish to light brownish. Odour spermatic.
Spores 10-13 x 7-10 µm, nodulose, with conspicuous knobs, brown. Basidia 28-35 x 8-9 µm, 4-spored. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia 65-90 x 16-26 µm, fusoid, thick-walled (-4 µm diam.), with yellow-brown plasmatic pigment, encrusted. Caulocystidia like cheilocystidia but smaller. Cuticle a cutis of cylindrical hyphae (4-12 µm diam.), encrusted with brown pigment. Clamp connections numerous.

On soil among litter of Leptospermum scoparium (and Nothofagus cliffortioides). New Zealand.

Pileo -35 mm lato, e convexo umbonato-expanso, argillaceo, disco subcastaneo, fibrilloso, subviscido. Lamellis adnatis, e griseo griseobrunneis. Stipite -50 x –5 mm, cylindraceo, ad basim napiformi (-12mm diam.), pruinoso, albido carneo brunnescente. Odore spermatico. Sporis 10-13 x 7-10 µm, nodulosis. Cystidiis fusoideis, metuloideis, luteobrunneis, incrustatis. Habitatio ad terrain sub Leptospermo, Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27116).

In New Zealand this is the only species, which has a strong spermatic smell. Keyed out with European literature A. graveolens appears to be closely related to I. pseudohiulca Kuhn. -Bours. and I. oblectabilis Britzm.

New Zealand; "Stewart Island, Long Hairy Bay; 18.iii.1969, leg. Horak" (PDD, 27117: holotype; ZT, 69/152; isotype). "Mt Egmont, National Park, Dawson Falls; 19.vi.1968, leg. Horak" (ZT, 68/570). "Fjordland, National Park, Lake Te Anau, Middle Fjord, Junction Burn; 3.iv.1969, leg. Horak" (ZT, 69/227). "Auckland, Rangitoto Island; 6.vi. 1972, leg. Dinghy" (PDD, 30214).

Pileus-35 mm diam., conico-convex, campanulate to umbonate-expanded; grey-brown, hazel-brown to dark brown, yellow tints absent; umbo smooth later squamose, fibrillose to rimose towards the margin, often splitting; subviscid when wet, veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnate, adnexed to almost free, crowded (1-7), ventricose; whitish or grey when young turning beige-grey, with white fimbriate edges. Stipe 25-50 x 3-5 mm, cylindrical with marginate bulb (-11 mm diam.); whitish soon turning pink or reddish brown, bulb white outside; pruinate, no veil remnants dry, solid, single in groups. Context brownish in pileus, reddish brown in stipe. Odour not distinctive.
Spores 8-10 x 6-8 µm, nodulose, knobs conspicuous. Basidia 22-30 x 6-8 µm, 4-spored. Cheilo-cystidia 30-45 x 12-18 µm, ovate to subfusoid, metuloid (membrane -4 µm diam.), encrusted, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 32-60 x 15-25 µm, otherwise like cheilocystidia, also caulocystidia. Cuticle a cutis of cylindrical hyphae (4-14 µm diam.), encrusted with yellow-brown pigment. Clamp connections numerous.

On soil under Leptospermum scoparium. New Zealand.

Pileo -35 mm lato, conico dein ex umbonato-convexo campanulato; brunneo vel umbrino; fibrilloso-squamoso marginem versus rimoso, sicco. Lamellis adnatis vel subliberis, e griseo argillaceogriseis. Stipite -50 X -5 mm, cylindraceo, ad basim marginato-bulboso vel napiformi, ex albido carneo brunneolo, pruinoso, sicco. Odore nullo. Sporis 8-10 x 6-8 µm, nodulosis. Cystidiis ovato-fusoideis, crasse tunicatis, incrustatis. Habitatio ad terram sub Leptospermo. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27117).

This species is common under Leptospermum scoparium (and probably also L. ericoides) under different ecological conditions. The most distinctive characters are the rather small, metuloid and crystal-bearing cheilo- and pleurocystidia.

New Zealand: "Nelson, between Collingwood and Pakawau; 8.v. 1968, leg. Horak" (PDD, 27110: holotype; ZT, 68/394: isotype).

Pileus -20 mm diam., hemispherical at first becoming convex or umbonate-convex; light to dark brown, tobacco-brown; centre with minute squarrose scales, fibrillose towards the dentate margin, dry, veil remnants not conspicuous. Lamellae adnate, crowded (L 10-18, 13), ventricose; beige or beige brown, edge paler, fimbriate. Stipe 15-25 x 2-2.5 mm, cylindrical, without bulbous base; reddish brown, densely covered with white fibrils, not pruinose; dry, solid, single or in clusters. Context brown beneath cuticle, reddish brown in stipe. Odour none or slightly acidulous.
Spores 7.5-10 x 6-7 µm, nodose, knobs prominent brown. Basidia 20-23 x 7-8 µm. 4-spored. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia 30-60 x 16-26 µm, fusoid, thick-walled, encrusted, hyaline to yellowish. Caulocystidia cylindrical, thin-walled, 6-10 µm in diam., without crystals. Cuticle a trichoderm of short-cylindrical hyphae (5-8 µm diam.), encrusted with brown pigment. Clamp connections numerous.

On soil under Leptospermum ericoides (manuka). New Zealand.

Pileo -20 mm lato, ex hemisphaerico umbonato-convexo, brunneo vel tabacino, squamuloso, sicco. Lamellis adnatis, argillaceis. Stipite -25 x -2.5 mm, cylindraceo, carneo brunneo, fibrillis albis instructo. Odore nullo. Sporis 7.5-10 x 6-7 µm, nodulosis. Cystidiis fusoideis, crasse tunicatis, incrustatis. Habitatio ad terram sub Leptospermo. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27110).

In the field A. manukanea could be confused with A. subclavata. Microscopical examination, however, will show that the spores of A. manukanea are larger and bear much more pronounced knobs, and cheilocystidia are metuloid with crystals.

 New Zealand: "Westcoast, Lake Haupiri, Kopara; 8.X11.1967, leg. Horak (PDD, 27108: holotype; ZT, 67/234: isotype)". "Nelson, Lewis Pass, Springs Junction; 5.xii.1967, leg. Horak (ZT, 67/209)."

Pileus -20 mm diam., hemispherical becoming, convex to broadly umbonate-expanded; bark brown to umber-brown, covered with minute concolorous scales and squamules, especially around disc; dry with brown fibrillose veil remnants at margin in young carpophores. Lamellae adnate or adnexed ventricose, crowded (L -16, 1 -3); beige turning beige-brown or beige-grey, edge albofimbriate. Stipe -20 x -2mm, cylindrical, brown to black-brown often paler than pileus; pruinose above, towards the base covered with woolly fibrils; dry, hollow, cortina indistinct. Context brown. Odour none.
Spores 10-11.5 x 7-9 µm, distinctly nodulose, brown. Basidia 20-25 X 10 µm. 4-spored. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia 30-50 x 10-18 µm, lageniform, thick-walled, hyaline, sometimes encrusted. Caulocystidia clusters of cylindrical hyphae, thin-walled membranes. Cuticle a trichoderm of bundled cylindrical hyphae (6-12 µm diam.), membranes up to 2 µm in diam., encrusted with dark brown pigment. Clamp connections numerous.

On rotten wood of Nothofagus fusca. New Zealand.

Pileo -20 mm lato, e convexo expanse, umbrino vel cervino, dense squamuloso, sicco. Lamellis adnato-adnexis, argillaceis, albofimbriatis. Stipite -20 x -2 mm, cylindrico, pileo concolori, fibrilloso, basim versus sub squamuloso. Odore nullo. Sporis 10-11.5 x 7-9 µm, nodoso-substellatis. Cheilo- et pleurocystidiis similibus, fusoideis, subcrassis. Hyphis fibulatis. Ad lignum putridum Nothofagi fuscae. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27108).

As the name indicates this species is closely related to A. cerasphora Singer (1953) which grows on rotten logs of Nothofagus spp. in the beech forests of Chile and Argentina.

New Zealand: "Westcoast, Kopara; 18.1.1968, leg. Horak" (PDD, 27113: holotype; ZT, 68/40: isotype). "Westcoast, Ahaura, Granite Creek; 17.X11.1967, leg. Horak" (ZT, 67/272). "Nelson, Lake Rotoiti; 20.1.1969, leg. Horak" (ZT, 69/1).

Pileus -40 mm diam., conical at first, soon convex to plane with distinct and permanent umbo; straw-yellow, ochraceous or yellow-beige, more intensive at centre; smooth at umbo, fibrillose and rimose towards the margin, conspicuously splitting, crenate (like B. vitellinus), seen from above like spokes of a wheel; viscid when wet, veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnate to almost free, ventricose, crowded (L 18-24, 1 3); whitish, grey later turning brownish beige with white, fimbriate edges. Stipe 20-50 x 3-4 mm, cylindrical, equal, base marginate bulbous; white later turning (yellowish) brownish with pink or reddish tints; pruinate for whole length, sometimes longitudinally striate; dry, veil remnants none. Context yellow beneath cuticle, brownish pink in stipe, Odour not distinctive.
Spores 8-11 x 5.5-8 pm, nodulose, with conspicuous knobs, brown. Basidia 22-32 x 7-8 ^m, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia 35-65 x 20-34 µm, broadly inflated-fusoid, pear shaped, metuloid, encrusted, yellowish plasmatic pigment. Caulo-cystidia like cheilocystidia. Cuticle a cutis of cylindrical hyphae (4-10 µm), encrusted with brown-yellow pigment, slightly gelatinised membranes. Clamp connections present.

On soil in Nothofagus forests (N. cliffortioides, N. fusca; rarely under Leptospermum scoparium). New Zealand.

Pileo -40 mm lato, umbonato-convexo, umbonato-plano, stramineo vel ochraceo, fibrilloso, marginem versus rimoso-fissurato, velo nullo. Lamellis ex adnato subliberis. Stipite -50 x -4 mm, cylindraceo, ad basim marginato-bulboso, albido dein carneolo, pruinoso, sicco. 0do:e nullo. Sporis 8-11 X 5.5-8 µm, nodulosis. Cystidiis ovato-inflatis, metuloideis, incrustatis, luteolis. Habitatio ad terram in silvis nothofagineis. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27113).

This spectacular Astrosporina is recognised by the deeply split margin and the metuloid, subglobose cheilo- and pleurocystidia. Macroscopically the New Zealand species resembles I. discissa del. (Cleland 1934) but the cheilocystidia of this species are cylindrical and thin-walled and the context emits a strong spermatic smell.

New Zealand: "Stewart Island, W of Xmas Village; 18.iii.1969, leg. Horak" (PDD, 27112: holotype; ZT, 69/151: isotype).

Pileus -35 mm diam., campanulate to broadly umbonate; straw-yellow to lemon-yellow; conspicuously innate-fibrillose, smooth around centre, dry, veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnexed, crowded; straw yellow when young turning yellow-brown, edge con colorous. Stipe -30 x -5 mm, cylindrical, base clavate to bulbous, submarginate; yellow, pruinose for whole length; veil remnants absent, dry, becoming hollow, single in groups. Context yellow to yellow-green, turning light orange. Odour spermatic.
Spores 8-10 x 5-6 µm, irregular angular, knobs not pronounced, brown. Basidia 25-33 x 6-7 µm, 4-spored. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia 60-80 x 15-20 µm, thick-walled, encrusted or not, yellow-brown plasmatic pigment in KOH, fusoid. Caulocystidia 50-90 x 10-18 µm, cylindrical to lageniform, mostly thin-walled, occasionally encrusted. Cuticle a cutis of cylindrical hyphae (3-10 µm diam.), membranes encrusted with yellowish pigment. Clamp connections present.

On sand in dunes, under Leptospermum scoparium. New Zealand.

Pileo -35 mm lato, campanulato, stramineo, fibrilloso, sicco. Lamellis adnexis, e stramineo luteo brunneis. Stipite -30 x -5 mm, ad basim bulboso, pileo concolori, apicaliter pruinoso, Odore ingrato. Sporis 8-10 x 5-6 µm, angulato-nodulosis. Cystidiis luteis, metuloideis, incrustatis. Habitato ad arenam sub Leptospermo. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27112).

The yellow colour and the habitat are distinctive for this rare species. To my knowledge there is no other yellow Astrosporina in Australasia.

New Zealand: "Nelson, Murchison, Matakitaki: 28.1.1969, leg. Horak" (PDD, 27111: holotype; ZT, 69/36: isotype).

Pileus -30 mm diam., conical when young becoming campanulate, margin at first strongly inrolled; brown, densely covered with white to brownish felt like veil remnants; centre smooth, fibrillose towards the estriate margin, dry. Lamellae adnate to adnexed, crowded; (L 30, 1-7); whitish turning beige, edge albofimbriate. Stipe -40 x -4 mm, cylindrical, base clavate to bulbous (-7 mm diam.), not marginate; whitish, aged fruiting bodies show reddish tint, densely covered with white fibrils from the veil, not pruinose (or if, then uppermost part of the stipe only); dry, single in groups. Context brown beneath cuticle, whitish in stipe. Odour sour, not spermatic.
Spores 7-8 x 5-6.5 µm, angular, knobs not pronounced, brown. Basidia 20-24 x 8 µm. 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 25-60 x 10-22 µm, clavate to fusoid, thin-walled, not encrusted. Pleurocystidia 60-70 x 12-18 µm, lageniform, thin-walled, without incrustations. Caulocystidia absent. Cuticle a cutis of cylindrical hyphae (3-8 µm diam.), membranes encrusted with brown pigment. Clamp connections numerous.

On soil under Nothofagus menziesii and N. fusca. New Zealand.

Pileo -30 mm lato, campanulato, velo albido dense obtecto, brunneo, fibrilloso, sicco. Lamellis adnatis, ex albido-argillaceis. Stipite -40 X -4 mm, ad basim clavato-bulboso, albido, rufescente, fibrillis concoloribus instructo, haud pruinoso. Odore acidulo. Sporis 7-8 x 5-6.5 µm, gibbosis. Cystidiis e fusoideo-lageniformibus, haud metuloideis vel incrustatis. Habitatio in silvis nothofagineis. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27111).

For discussion compare A. viscata and A. manukanea.

New Zealand: "Westcoast, Lake Hochstetter, 17.111.1968, leg. Horak". (PDD, 27109: holotype; ZT, 68/177: isotype)". "Fjordland N. P., track to Mt Luxmore; 9.1V. 1969, leg. Horak" (ZT, 69/331).

Pileus -35 mm diam., hemispherical when young, soon campanulate or convex with broad umbo, also becoming expanded with depressed centre; yellowish brown, beige or avellanous; innately fibrillose, viscid, veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnexed to sub free, crowded; whitish when young becoming chocolate or tobacco-brown, dark brown in aged carpophores, edge white, fimbriate. Stipe 20-75 x 3-6 mm, cylindrical, base rarely slightly swollen; whitish turning brownish or even dark brown when old, whole length pruinose; solid, dry, cortina absent, single in groups. Context whitish yellowish, reddish brown in upper parts of the stipe. Odour none.
Spores 7-9 x 5-6 µm, ovate with wart-like knobs, brown. Basidia 20-70 x 5-8 µm, 4-spored. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia 30-80 x 10-24 µm, clavate, cylindrical-fusoid, thick-walled, with yellow plasmatic pigment (in KOH), apex encrusted. Caulocystidia numerous, like pleurocystidia. Cuticle a cutis of cylindrical hyphae (3-10 ^m diam.), membranes gelatinised, encrusted with brown pigment. Clamp connections present.

On soil in Nothofagus forests (N. clifforlioides, N. menziesii). New Zealand.

Pileo -35 mm lato, e campanulato umbonato expanse, argillaceo vel avellaneo, viscido, fibrilloso. Lamellis adnexis, ex albido umbrino. Stipite -75 x -6 mm, cylindrico, albido, brunnescente, pruinoso. Odore nullo. Sporis 7-9 x 5-6 µm, gibbosis. Cystidiis
fusoideo-lageniformibus, crasse tunicatis, incrustatis. Caulocystidiis praesentibus, Habitatio ad terram in silvis nothofagineis. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27109).

The viscid pileus, the cylindrical pruinose stipe, and the small gibbous spores characterise this species. Macroscopically it could be taken as A. subclavata, but the shape of the cheilo- and caulocystidia distinctly separate the two taxa.

New Zealand: "West coast, Kopara; 13.xii.1967, leg. Horak (PDD, 27128: holotype; ZT, 67/248; isotype)".  "Nelson, Tophouse Saddle; I.V.1968, leg. Horak (ZT, 68/331)."

Pileus 15-40 mm diam., hemispherical, convex, becoming umbonate-expanded to campanulate; pale brown, brown to umber, in young carpophores margin densely covered with white fibrillose remnants of the veil; dry, squamulose to scaly, occasionally innate-fibrillose towards estriate splitting margin, ageing fibrils of the veil disappearing. Lamellae adnexed to adnate, ventricose, crowded (L-18, 1-3); whitish, grey, argillaceous, turning brownish with olive tinge, edge concolorous or albofimbriate. Stipe 20-60 x 2-4 mm, cylindrical, equal or slightly swollen at base; reddish brownish, ochraceous at base; dry, apex pubescent, below the evanescent fibrillose cortina densely covered with sub persistent, conspicuous, white fibrils of the veil; solid, single and cespitose. Context red-brown in stipe, paler to whitish in pileus. Odour and taste not distinctive. Chemical reactions on pileus: KOH-negative.
Spore print brown. Spores 8-11 x 4.5-5.5µm, almond-shaped to sublimoniform, brown, smooth, spore absent. Basidia 22-30 x 7-8 µm, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 40-80 x 10-18 µm, fusoid, metuloid (-4 µm diam.), hyaline, encrusted with crystals. Pleurocystidia like cheilocystidia but less thick-walled. Caulocystidia -110 x –18 µm, subfusoid to cylindrical, metuloid, occasionally encrusted. Cuticle a trichoderm of cylindrical, not gelatinised hyphae (5-10 µm diam.), encrusted with brownish pigment. Clamp connections numerous.

On soil among litter and moss under Nothofagus (N. fusca, N. menziesii, N. cliffortioides). New Zealand.

Pileo -40 mm lato, ex hemisphaerico umbonato-expanso, avellaneo vel brunneo, fibrilloso-squamato, sicco. Lamellis adnato-adnexis, argillaceis dein olivaceo-brunneis. Stipite -60 x -4 mm, cylindrico, carneo rubro, apicaliter pruinoso, basim versus fibrillis albis dense instructo. Odore nullo. Sporis 8-11 x 4.5-5,5 µm, amygdaliformibus vel sublimoniformibus, brunneis. Cystidiis fusoideis, metuloideis, incrustatis. Habitatio ad terram sub Nothofago. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27128).

Macroscopically this fungus is characterised best by the dense coat of white, woolly fibrils, which cover the pale red-brown stipe from the rather dehiscent cortina to the base. In young specimens the margin of the pileus is covered with remnants of the white, fibrillose veil.

Pileus -35 mm diam., convex to umbonate-expanded or campanulate; pale brown, brown or fuscous, often with greenish or olive tinge; dry, densely covered all over with coarse, squarrose scales and squamules; margin estriate, veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnexed to adnate, ventricose, crowded; pale beige-ochraceous or beige-yellow, turning argillaceous or brown, reddening after bruising, edge albo-fimbriate. Stipe -65 x -5 mm, cylindrical, equal; concolorous with pileus or paler, black-green at base, covered with concolorous scales and squamules; dry, becoming hollow, single and cespitose. Context brown, reddening after exposure, black-green at base. Odour and taste fruity. Chemical reactions on pileus: KOH negative.
Spores 8.5-11 x 5-6.5 µm, ovoid to subreniform, brown, smooth. Basidia 28-38 x 7-9 µm, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 15-40 x 7-12 µm clavate to subcylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, forming sterile edge. Pleurocystidia absent. Cuticle a trichoderm of cylindrical not gelatinised hyphae (5-12 µm diam) entrusted with brown pigment. Clamp connections present.

New Zealand: “West coast, Araua, Granite Creek: 17.xii.1967 leg. Horak (PDD, 27121: holotype; ZT. 67/262: isotype)”. "Nelson, Tophouse Saddle; 4.iii.1968; leg. Horak (ZT, 68/108)."

On soil under Nothofagus (N. fusca, N. cliffortioides), also among Sphagnum, New Zealand.

Pileo -35 mm lato, e convexo campanulato, brunneo-fusco coloribus olivaceis tinctu, squamato-squarroso. Lamellis adnexis, ochraceo-alutaceis dein argillaceis, rubescentibus. Stipite -65 x -5 mm, cylindraceo, apicaliter lanoso, basim versus squamoso-squarroso, pileo concolori, ad basim intense nigro-viride, sicco. Odore grato. Sporis 8.5-11 x 5-6.5 µm, ovoideis vel subreniformibus. Cheilocystidiis cylindraceo-clavatis, numerosis, tenuitunicatis, fibulatis. Habitatio ad terram in silvis nothofagineis. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27121).

The most distinctive macroscopic character of this species is the green-black context at the base of the stipe. As the specific epithet of the New Zealand fungus indicates, this taxon is closely related to I. calamistrata (Fr.) Quel. which, however, differs by having larger spores cheilocystidia.

New Zealand: "Fjordland, East slopes of Mt Luxmore, Lake Te Anau; 26.iii.1969, leg. Horak PDD, 27122: holotype; ZT, 69/172: isotype)".

Pileus -30 mm diam., hemispherical becoming convex to umbonate expanded; brown at disc, yellow-brown towards the margin, in young carpophores margin densely covered with yellow strigose fibrils or hairs, later washed off; dry, fibrillose, estriate. Lamellae adnexed or emarginate-adnate, ventricose, crowded; light yellow turning yellow-brown; brownish fimbriate edges. Stipe 20-45 x 3-4 mm, cylindrical, equal; yellowish turning wax-yellow or yellowish brownish, with pink tints towards the base; upper half pruinate, with appressed white fibrils towards base; dry, solid, veil remnants absent, single or grown together. Context yellowish with greenish tints, white in base of stipe. Odour acidulous, like Lepiota cristata. Spores 6-7 x 4.5-5 µm, ovoid, smooth, brown. Basidia 18-26 x 7 µm, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 15-35 x 10-18 µm, clavate to vesicular, thin-walled, hyaline, not encrusted. Pleurocystidia 35-50 x 13-8 µm, fusoid, thick-walled (-2 µm diam.), encrusted. Caulocystidia -100 x -12 µm, cylindrical to fusoid with a long neck, thin-walled, occasionally encrusted with crystals, hyaline. Cuticle a cutis of cylindrical hyphae (5-10 µm diam.), encrusted with yellow-brown pigment. Clamp connections numerous.

On soil under Nothofagus (N. cliffortioides, N. menziesii), Dacrydium, and Podocarpus. New Zealand.

Pileo -30 mm lato, ex hemisphaerico umbonato-convexo vel campanulato, brunneo, ad marginem fibrillis luteis strigosis instructo. Lamellis emarginato-adnexis, luteis dein luteo brunneis. Stipite -45 x -4 mm, cylindraceo, luteolo basim versus roseo tinctu, apicaliter pruinoso. Odore acidulo. Sporis 6-7 x 4.5-5 µm, ovoideis, levibus, Cystidiis dimorphis. Pleurocystidiis metuloideis, fusoideis, incrustatis. Habitatio ad terram in silvis nothofagineis. Nova Zeiandia.

Several characters are specific for I. cerea: they re the yellow colour of the fruiting bodies, in young specimens yellow strigose hairs along margins of the pileus, the vesiculose cheilocystidia, and the ovoid pores.

New Zealand: "West coast, Lake Hochstetter; 12.111.1968, leg. Horak (PDD, 27124: holotype; ZT, 68/148: isotype)".

Pileus 10-20 mm diam., hemispherical to convex, margin incurved; dark brown, fuscous; dry, covered at disc with coarse erect or repent conical scales and squamules, which get smaller towards the substriate margin, veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnexed to adnate, ventricose, crowded (L-18, 1-3); pale yellow-brown when young, turning brown, edge concolorous or albo-fimbriate. Stipe 15-35 x 2-3 mm, cylindrical, equal; concolorous with pileus or paler; upper part pruinose, towards base covered with white to yellowish, appressed, longitudinal fibrils from veil; dry, hollow, single and cespitose. Context brown. Odour and taste pleasant, fruity, not distinctive.
Spores 7-8.5 x 4-5 µm, amygdaliform to sublimoniform, brown, smooth. Basidia 22-28 x 6-7 µm, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia clavate to vesiculose, thin-walled, often encrusted with brown pigment. Pleurocystidia 40-60 x 13-20 µm, broadly fusoid, very thick-walled (-8 µm diam.), yellow-brown, crystals present. Caulocystidia -150 x -20 µm, subfusoid-cylindrical, metuloid, encrusted. Cuticle a trichoderm of cylindrical hyphae (4-12 µm diam.), encrusted with yellow-brown pigment. Clamp connections on septae.

On rotten wood and bark of Dacrydium Cupressinum in Nothofagus forest. New Zealand.

Pileo -20 mm lato, hemisphaerico dein convexo, fusco, squamis conspicuis concoloribus obtecto, fibrilloso marginem versus, sicco. Lamellis adnato-adnexis, brunneis. Stipite -35 x -3 mm, cylindrico, pileo concolori, fibrillis albo-luteis basim versus instructo, sicco. Odore nullo. Sporis 7-8.5 x 4-5 µm, amygdaliformibus. Cheilocystidiis clavato-catenulatis. Pleurocystidiis grosse metuloideis. Habitatio ad lignum putridum et aciculos Dacrydii cupressini in silvis nothofagineis. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27124).

In the field I. destruens could be taken as I. umbrosa Hk. because both species show deep brown to fuscous colours on the pileus and the stipe of both taxa is obviously farinaceous. The very thick-walled, rather stout, and yellow-brown pigmented pleurocystidia separate I. destruens well from I. umbrosa, which may occasionally occur on rotten wood and bark.

New Zealand: "Nelson, Murchison, Matakitaki; 28.1.1969, leg. Horak (PDD, 27120: holotype- ZT, 69/35: isotype)".

Pileus 15-30 mm diam., hemispherical, becoming convex or campanulate, margin incurved; brown to fuscous, uniformly coloured; dry, covered with con-colorous, erect, conical, persistent scales and squamules, veil remnants absent, margin estriate. Lamellae adnate to sinuate, ventricose, crowded (L-20, 1-7); dark brown from the beginning, edge conspicuously albofimbriate. Stipe 30-60 x 2-3 mm, cylindrical, equal; concolorous with pileus, with a pink tomentum of mycelium at base, covered with scattered concolorous, persistent dots and squamules, no trace of cortina; dry, solid, single and cespitose. Context [Line of missing text] after bruising or exposure. Odour and taste unpleasant, but not spermatic. Chemical reactions on pileus: KOH-negative.
Spores 9-11.5 x 5-6.5 µm, reniform to phaseoliform, brown, smooth. Basidia 30-40 x 6-8 µm, 4- spored. Cheilocystidia 20-40 x 6-1 µm, clavate to subfusoid, hyaline, thin-walled, scattered on edge Pleurocystidia absent. Cuticle a trichoderm of cylindrical, not gelatinised hyphae (4-8 µm diam.), encrusted with yellow-brown (KOH) pigment. Clamp connections present.

On soil among moss and litter of Nothofagus (N. fusca, N. menziesii). New Zealand.

Pileo -30 mm lato, ex hemisphaerico convexo vel campanulato, brunneo, squamis erectis conicis instructo, sicco. Lamellis adnatis, brunneis. Stipite -60 x -3 mm, cylindrico, pileo concolori, squamis brunneis irregulariter obtecto, mycelio roseo ad basim. Odore nauseoso. Came rubescente. Sporis 9-11.5 x 5-6.5 µm, ovato-reniformibus. Cheilocystidiis clavatis, baud incrustatis. Habitatio ad terram in silvis nothofagineis. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27120).

This species is well characterised by the reddening context in the pileus and stipe. This is reminiscent of I. bongardi (Weinm.) Quel. and I. cervicolor (Pers. ex Pers.) Quel., two taxa which occur in coniferous and deciduous forests of Eurasia, but spores and cheilocystidia of this New Zealand fungus are considerably smaller.

 New Zealand: "North Island, Urewera National Park, Tawa Track; 24.V1.1968, leg. Horak (PDD, 27129: holotype; ZT, 68/584: isotype)". "Canterbury, Mt Grey, Kowai Bush; 15.1X. 1967, leg. Horak (ZT, 67/105)." "Fjordland, between lake Te Anau and Lake Manapouri; 6.1V. 1969, leg. Horak (ZT, 69/229)."

Pileus -35 mm diam., convex becoming umbonate-convex to campanulate; light brown, hazel-brown, or yellow-brown, at first densely covered with sulphur-yellow fibrils from the veil, washed off in aged carpophores; fibrillose, towards the estriate margin rimose, disc often becoming squamulose, dry. Lamellae adnate to adnexed, crowded (L 20-26, 1 -5), ventricose; grey-beige to brown, white fimbriate edges. Stipe 20-60 x -5(8) mm, cylindrical, attenuated towards the apex, base bulbous or clavate, rarely submarginate; beige soon turning pink or reddish brown, base densely covered with yellow fibrils or a membranous persistent volva (68/333, 68/622); pruinate all over, cortina absent, dry, solid, single in groups. Context brownish in pileus, reddish brownish in stipe, white to yellowish in base of stipe. Odour not distinctive.
Spores 6.5-8.5 x 4.5-5.5 µm, amygdaliform, smooth, brown. Basidia 18-25 X 6-8 µm, 4-spored. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia 35-70 X 12-25 µm, fusoid, metuloid (-3 µm diam.), encrusted, hyaline. Caulo-cystidia similar but larger. Cuticle a cutis of cylindrical hyphae (4-10 µm diam.), encrusted with yellow-brown pigment. Clamp connections present.

On soil, among Sphagnum, or on rotten wood in Nothofagus forests (N. fusca, N. cliffortioides). New Zealand.

Pileo -35 mm lato, e convexo umbonato vel campanulato, avellaneo vel aureo-brunneo, fibrillis luteis primo obtecto, e fibrilloso squamoso. Lamellis ex argillaceo brunneis, adnatis. Stipite -60 x -8 mm, cylindraceo, bulboso-clavato, bulbo volva fibrillosa vel membranacea lutea ornato, rubro-brunneo, pruinoso. Odore nullo. Sporis 6.5-8.5 x 4.5-5.5 µm, amygdaliformibus, levibus. Cystidiis fusoideis, incrustatis, metuloideis. Habitatio ad terram, inter Sphagnos vel ad lignum putridum in silvis nothofagineis. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27129).

New Zealand: "Nelson, Tophouse Saddle; I.V.1968, leg. Horak (PDD, 27130: holotype of variety; ZT, 68/333: isotype)". "North Island, Urewera National Park, Lake Waikareiti; 30.V1.1968, lea. Horak (ZT, 68/622)."

Between Sphagnum (in "pakihi'' -associations) under Nothofagus cliffortioides or on rotten wood in beech forests. New Zealand.

Differt a typo volva membranacea luteaque et statura minore. Inter Sphagnos vel ad lignum putridum. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27130).

The variety differs from typical I. luteobulbosa by its yellow and membranous volva and the more slender habit.
Inocybe luteobulbosa fructificates rather late in the fungal season (April to June) and on one occasion was found in early spring (September). In fresh specimens the yellow fibrils (of the veil) at the base the stipe are an excellent character to identify this species. If old and overmature material is collected alone, the yellow pigment is often bleached or washed out; the bulbous base of the stipe then appears whitish in obvious contrast to the otherwise reddish brown upper portion

New Zealand: "North Island, Urewera National Park, Tawa Track; 24.vi. 1968, leg. Horak (PDD, 27125: holotype; ZT, 68/580: isotype)".

Pileus -10 mm diam., hemispherical becoming convex, umbo absent; uniformly light brown; disc smooth, towards margin innately fibrillose; dry, veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnexed, crowded (L 6-12, 1 3), ventricose; beige turning light brown, white fimbriate edges. Stipe 10-15 x 1-1.5 mm, cylindrical, equal; light brown, near apex white pruinate, towards base with white appressed fibrils; dry, hollow, fragile, single in groups. Context brownish. Odour not distinctive.
Spores 8-9 x 4.5-5.5 µm, amygdaliform, smooth, brown. Basidia 20-25 x 7-8 µm, 4-spored. Cheilo-, pleuro-, and caulocystidia 35-70 x 8-15µm, cylindrical to subfusoid, metuloid (-2 µm diam.), encrusted, yellowish (in KOH). Cuticle a cutis of cylindrical fusoid cells (8-12 µm diam.), encrusted with brown pigment. Clamp connections numerous.

Pileo -10 mm lato, e hemisphaerico convexo, argillaceo, fibrilloso. Lamellis adnexis, argillaceis. Stipite -15 x 1.5mm, cylindrico, pileo concolori, apicaliter pruinoso. Odore nullo. Sporis 8-9 x 4.5-5,5 µm, amygdaliformibus. Cystidiis fusoideis, metuloideis, incrustatis, Habitatio ad terram sub Nothofago et Leptospermo. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27125).

When identified macroscopically in the forest this fragile, pale brownish Inocybe reminds one of Phaeomarasmius. However, the presence of crystal-bearing cheilo-, pleuro-, and caulocystidia undoubtedly places this species in Inocybe.

On soil under Nothofagus (N. fusco), Leptospermum, and Elaeocarpus. New Zealand.

New Zealand: "Southland, Te Anau, Te Anau Bush; 8.iv.1969, leg. Horak (PDD, 27126: holotype; ZT, 69/244: isotype)".

Pileus 5-15 mm diam., hemispherical becoming convex, margin incurved; dark brown, umber brown, equally coloured; dry, densely covered with concolorous, squarrose, coarse scales and squamules all over, estriate margin appendiculate, veil remnants absent. Lamellae emarginate-adnate, or adnexed, ventricose, crowded (L-20, 1-5); whitish when young turning pale brown to pale rust brown, edge albofimbriate. Stipe 15-25 x 1-1.5 mm, cylindrical, equal; concolorous with pileus or darker (especially at base), apex pubescent, towards base with concolorous coarse scales and squamules (like surface or pileus); dry, hollow, single and cespitose. Context dark brown beneath cuticle and at base of stipe. Odour and taste acidulous. Chemical reactions on pileus: KOH-negative.
Spores 6.5-7.5 x 4-4.5 µm, ovate, brown and smooth. Basidia 20-26 x 6-7 µm, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia 35-65 x 12-16 µm, fusoid to lageniform, thin-walled, hyaline, encrusted with crystals. Caulocystidia -100 x -10 µm, cylindrical to subfusoid, not well differentiated, hyaline, crystals absent. Cuticle a trichoderm of cylindrical hyphae (5-14 µm diam.), membranes occasionally thick-called (especially in terminal cells), encrusted with brown (KOH) pigment. Clamp connections numerous.

On rotten wood and bark of Nothofagus, N. cliffortioides. New Zealand.

Pileo -15mm lato, ex hemisphaerico convexo, umbrino, squamis concoloribus dense instructo, sicco. Lamellis emarginato-adnatis, pallidis dein argillaceis. Stipite -25 x -1.5mm, cylindrico, pileo concolori, squamis verrucisque obtecto. Odore acidulo. Sporis 6.5-7.5 x 4-4.5 µm, ovatis. Cystidiis fusoideis, tenuitunicatis, incrustatis. Habitatio ad lignum putridum in silvis nothofagineis. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27126).

Among the New Zealand species of Inocybe, I. phaeosquarrosa is the only one with thin-walled cheilo- and pleurocystidia. Furthermore the taxon is well characterised by the coarse warts and scales towards the base of the stipe (cf. I. scabriuscula).

New Zealand: "Nelson, Richmond Range, Pine Valley; 5.1.1968, leg. Horak (PDD, 27119: holotype; ZT, 68/5: isotype)". "Nelson, Richmond Range, Goulter Valley; 7.1.1968, leg. Horak (ZT, 68/15)."

Pileus -35 mm diam., hemispherical, becoming umbonate-convex or campanulate; yellowish brownish; radially fibrillose, rimose to splitting, squamulose at disc; dry, veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnexed to emarginate-adnate; yellowish beige turning olive-beige, later deep brown, white with fimbriate edges; crowded (L 16-22, 13), ventricose. Stipe 20-50 x 3-8 mm, cylindrical, subclavate towards base, robust; whitish, becoming yellow-brownish at base, covered with concolorous fibrils, pruinate in upper parts; dry, cortina absent, hollow, single in groups. Context whitish beige. Odour none.
Spores 9-12 x 4.5-6.5 µm, kidney shaped, smooth, brown. Basidia 25-32 x 8-12 µm, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia in dense clusters, 15-60 x 8-15 µm, cylindrical to clavate, thin-walled, not encrusted, forming sterile edge. Pleuro- and caulocystidia absent. Cuticle a cutis of cylindrical hyphae (5-12 µm diam.), encrusted with yellow-brown pigment. Clamp connections numerous.

On soil under Leptospermum (L. ericoides) and/or Nothofagus (N. cliffortioides, N. menziesii). New Zealand.

Inocybe renispora is closely related to I. fastigiata (Schaeff. ex Fr.) Quel„ a common species in different plant associations in the Northern Hemisphere. The New Zealand taxon differs by having smaller spores, articulate cheilocystidia, and lacking odour.

Pileo -35 mm lato, ex hemisphaerico umbonato-convexo, luteo-avellaneo, fibrilloso-subrimoso. Lamellae Stramineo tabacinis, emarginato-adnexis. Stipite 50 x -8 mm, subclavato, albido, basim versus lute-brunneolo, minute fibrilloso, velo nullo. Odore nullo. Sporis 9-12 x 4.5-6.5 µm, phaseoliformibus, levibus. Cheilocystidiis clavatis, tenuitunicatis, baud incrustatis. Habitatio ad terrain in silvis virgineis. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27119).

New Zealand: "Nelson Tophouse Saddle; 22.i.1969, leg. Horak (PDD, 27127: holotype; ZT, 69/4: isotype)". "Canterbury, Mt Grey, Kowai Bush; 22.1.69, leg. Horak (ZT, 67/205)." "Westcoast, Lake Haupiri, Kopara; 15.xii. 1967, leg. Horak (ZT, 67/257)."

Pileus 10-40 mm diam., hemispherical when young soon convex, conico-convex or campanulate to umbonate-expanded; yellow brown, golden brown, at disc with red-brown to fulvous tinge (rarely black-brown); dry, centre covered with squarrose scales and squamules, fibrillose to rimose towards estriate margin, veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnexed to sinuate-adnate, ventricose, crowded (L -18, 1 -3); pallid or grey in young carpophores turning argillaceous or olive-brownish, edge concolorous or albofimbriate. Stipe 20-50 x 2.5-4 mm, cylindrical, equal; whitish yellowish to yellowish brownish, apex sub pubescent or fibrillose, towards base with concolorous sub-squarrose to woolly fibrils or squamules, veil remnants absent; dry, hollow, single and cespitose. Context pale brownish. Odour and taste not distinctive. Chemical reactions on pileus: KOH-negative.
Spores 6.5-8.5 x 4-5 µm, amygdaliform, brown, smooth, suprahilar depression absent. Basidia 20-26 x 6-8 µm, 4-spored. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia 35-60 x 10-17 µm, fusoid to lageniform, metuloid ("2 µm diam. near apex), hyaline, encrusted with crystals. Caulocystidia clavate to subfusoid, thin-walled, with and without crystals. Cuticle a trichoderm of cylindrical hyphae (5-10 µm diam.), encrusted with yellow-brown (KOH) pigment. Clamp connections present.

On soil among litter and moss (also Sphagnum) under Nothofagus (N. fusca, N. cliffortioides). New Zealand.

Pileo -40 mm lato, convexo, convexo-conico vel campanulato, luteo brunneo vel fulvo, squamato-fibrilloso, sicco. Lamellis adnexis, pallidis dein argillaceo-olivaceis. Stipite -50 x -4 mm, cylindrico, pileo concolori vel pallidiore, fibrilloso ad apicem, squarroso basim versus. Odore nullo. Sporis 6.5-8.5 x 4-5 µm, amygdaliformibus. Cystidiis fusoideis, crasse tunicatis, incrustatis. Habitatio ad terram in silvis nothofagineis. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27127).

According to my observations I. scabriuscula is widely distributed in the beech forests of New Zealand. Its morphology varies considerably but the following three macroscopical characters help to identify this taxon in the field: yellow-brown to golden-brown, scaly pileus, argillaceous lamellae (often with an olive tinge), and pale yellow-brown scales towards the base of the stipe.

New Zealand: "West coast, between Black-water and Waiuta; 2.iv.1968, leg. Horak (PDD, 27123: holotype; ZT, 68/249: isotype)".

Pileus -40 mm diam., hemispherical becoming convex, umbo or papilla absent; brown; densely covered with coarse, squarrose, concolorous scales, up to 5 mm high, margin with brownish fibrillose dentate remnants of cortina; dry. Lamellae adnate to adnexed, densely crowded, not ventricose; yellowish when young turning yellow-beige later brown, white fimbriate edges. Stipe 35-60 x 5-7 mm, cylindrical, equal or attenuated towards the base; brown; densely covered with brown wool-like fibrils, cortina conspicuous and persistent; dry, solid, single in groups. Context white in pileus, brown in stipe. Odour not distinctive.
Spores 7-9 x 4-5 µm, amygdaliform, smooth, brown. Basidia 25-30 x 5-6 µm, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 15-25 x 12-24 µm, ovoid or clavate, forming sterile edge, thin-walled, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 40-60 x 12-22 µm, fusoid, thick-walled only near apex, brown, rarely crystals encrusted, scattered. Caulocystidia none. Cuticle a trichoderm of bundled cylindrical hyphae (10-16 µm diam.), encrusted with brown pigment. Clamp connections numerous.

On rotten wood in Nothofagus forests (N. fusca). New Zealand.

Pileo -40 mm lato, ex hemisphaerico convexo, squamis conspicuis squarrosis instructo, brunneo. Lamellis adnatis, ex stramineo brunneis. Stipite -60 x -7 mm, cylindraceo, pileo concolori, fibrillis lanatis dense obtecto. Odore nullo. Sporis 7-9 x 4-5 µm, amygdaliformibus, levibus. Cheilocystidiis e clavato-ovoideis, pleurocystidiis fusoideis, apicaliter metuloideis. Habitatio ad lignum putridum in silvis nothofagineis. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27123).

Among the known species of Inocybe in New Zealand, this is the most striking representative. Taxonomically I. strobilomyces is rather close to the genus Phaeomarasmius, but because of the few crystal-bearing pleurocystidia I prefer to keep it in Inocybe.

New Zealand: "Westcoast, S of Lake Hochstetter: 17.iii.1968, leg. Horak (PDD, 27131: holotype: ZT, 68/175: isotype)". "Nelson, Puponga; 17.v.1968, leg. Horak (ZT, 68/476)." "Fjordland, East slopes of Mt Luxmore; 26.iii.1969, leg. Horak (ZT, 69/181)." "Fjordland, East slopes of Mt Luxmore; 9.iv.1969, leg. Horak (ZT, 69/326)."

Pileus 8-25 mm diam., hemispherical when young, becoming convex or conico-convex to campanulate; brown, fuscous, umber-brown; in young carpophores margin densely covered with silvery, sub persistent conspicuous, fibrillose remnants of the veil; squamulose to scaly at disc, rimose or fibrillose towards margin, dry, estriate. Lamellae adnexed, ventricose, crowded (L -20, 1 -3), argillaceous when young soon turning deep brown or umber-brown, edge albofimbriate. Stipe 20-50 x 1-2 mm, cylindrical, equal; concolorous with pileus, often with red-brown or chestnut-brown tinge; pruinose all over, at base with white fibrillose or woolly, appressed veil remnants, which disappear with age; dry, slender, hollow, single and cespitose. Context dark brown. Odour and taste not distinctive. Chemical reactions on pileus: KOH-negative.
Spores 6.5-8.5(9) x 4-5 µm, amygdaliform brown, smooth. Basidia 20-26 x 5-7 µm 4-spored. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia 40-60 x 12-18 µm, fusoid to lageniform, metuloid (-3 µm diam.), hyaline to yellowish, encrusted with crystals. Caulocystidia -130 x -20 µm, elongate-fusoid, metuloid, crystals present. Cuticle a trichoderm of cylindrical hyphae (5-10 nm diam.), encrusted with brown (KOH) pigment; hyphae of veil 2-4 µm diam.; clamp connections on septae.

On soil among moss and litter under Nothofagus (N. cliffortioides, N. menziesii) and Leptospermum (L. scoparium, L. ericoides), rarely also on rotten wood of Nothofagus. New Zealand.

Pileo -25 mm lato, convexo, convexo-conico vel campanulato, fusco vel umbrino, ad marginem fibrillis albis e velo instructo, squamuloso marginem versus rimoso-fibrilloso, sicco. Lamellis adnexis, pileo concoloribus vel pallidioribus. Stipite -50 x -2 mm, cylindrico, pileo concolori vel castaneo-brunneo, pruinoso, lanuginoso-fibrilloso ad basim. Odore nullo. Sporis 6.5-8.5(9) x 4-5 µm, amygdaliformibus, brunneis. Cystidiis fusoideis, metuloideis, incrustatis. Habitatio ad terram (vel rarissime ad lignum putridum) sub Nothofago Leptospermoque. Nova Zeiandia. Typus (PDD, 27131).

Inocybe umbrosa is distinguished by dark brown to fuscous colours of the carpophores. The slender stipe is pruinose all over and the rather small (-50 x -15 µm) fusoid cheilocystidia are intermixed with clavate thin-walled cystidia without crystals.