Notes: The nomenclature and taxonomy of the fungus previously known as “Aulographina eucalypti” is confused. The sexual morph was discussed by Müller & von Arx (1962), and the spermatogonial morph by Petrak & Sydow (1924) and Swart (1988). This pathogen, which causes target spot disease on eucalypts, has had several names applied to it in the past. For many years it was treated as Aulographina eucalypti (Cooke & Massee) Arx & E. Müll. However, the genus Aulographina is based on A. pinorum occurring on Pinus spp. in Europe. It is not congeneric with the eucalypt fungus, as it lacks the typical spermatogonial and asexual morphs observed on Eucalyptus. Furthermore, the cultures that are available (CBS 174.90, 302.71, 655.86) cluster with Catenulostroma (Teratosphaeriaceae) and Venturiaceae (in the case of CBS 655.86). Müller & von Arx (1962) considered why the name Aulographina was best suited (over Aulographum, Leptostromella and Lembosiopsis), but they ignored the asexual names. Given the fact that Aulographia is no longer available for this fungus, the holomorph is best treated under the name introduced for the spermatogonial morph, Thyrinula eucalyptina, as this species is also the type of the genus Thyrinula (Petrak & Sydow 1924). For more details relating to its biology and host range, see Wall & Keane (1984) and Carnegie & Keane (2003). Isolates established from single ascospores (on PDA and OA) produce both the spermatogonial and ascomatal morphs in older cultures.

Type: Foliicolous Fungi; Description: Ascomata thyriothecial, scattered, superficial, elongate, often branched, dark brown to black, up to 2 mm long, opening by a longitudinal slit; on brown, roughly circular spots 2–15 mm in diameter, frequently with a raised corky area in the centre and a dark margin, on both sides of leaves and on petioles. Asci clavate, 30–40 × 10–14 μm. Ascospores cylindric-elliptical, 1-septate, 12–14 × 3.5–5.5 μm, rounded at both ends, hyaline. Conidiomata pycnidial, shield-shaped, superficial, black, 0.3–1.0 mm in diameter. Conidia filiform, cylindrical, 0-septate, 12–30 × 0.5–1 μm, hyaline.

Distribution: Northland, Auckland, Coromandel, Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Taranaki, Taupo, Rangitikei, Wanganui, Wellington, Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, Nelson, Buller, Westland, Marlborough, North Canterbury.; 1st Record: Dick (1982).

Significance: Of minor importance in New Zealand because infection occurs primarily in the lower crown and is not severe. The fungus causes moderate to severe defoliation of E. nitens in Eastern Gippsland, Australia (Neumann & Marks 1976).; Host(s): Eucalyptus delegatensis, E. fastigata, E. fraxinoides, E. nitens, E. regnans.