Rhizome stout, branched, shortly creeping or ascending, often forming hard woody mass, densely clad in pale brown translucent linear-ovate-attenuate paleae c. 2 cm. long; stipites crowded to approximate, with dense tuft of paleae at base. Stipes 5-15 cm. × 2-5 mm., dark brown, with scattered shorter paleae. Rhachis stout, sparingly to rather densely paleate, very narrowly winged, with 8-30 subopp. lateral pinnae. Lamina ovate to oblong to deltoid, 6-30 × 3-10 cm., thick, fleshy; margins cartilaginous; veins simple or forked from near base, distinct to obscure. Pinnae (2)-4-6 cm. × 5-15-(20) mm., ovate-oblong to oblong, obtuse, obliquely cuneate at base, shortly stalked, dull green, crenate-serrate, ± paleate on veins and veinlets, sts slightly lobed near base. Sori cop., distinct to confluent, about 15 pairs, linear-oblong, 5-10 mm. long; indusium firm.

Stipes up to 50 cm. long; paleae ovate-lanceolate; pinnae 6-8 cm. × 7-20 mm., subacute to acute, serrate, more obliquely cuneate, more distinctly stalked.

Rhizome stout, often forming a hard woody mass above ground, bearing brown, shiny, ovate, acuminate scales up to 15 × 4 mm. Stipes 2-30 cm long, dark brown at base, green above, stout, covered in ovate or narrowly triangular scales with acute or acuminate apices. Laminae ovate to lanceolate, 4-40 × 2-20 cm, dull green, very thick and fleshy, pinnate. Raches green, stout, prominently grooved and scaly. Pinnae 4-18 pairs, narrowly ovate to oblong, obtuse to acute, crenate-serrate to ± entire, cuneate at base, 10-100 × 7-25 mm, scaly on the underside. Sori up to 10 mm long, not reaching to lamina edge. Perispore of spores slightly winged but with few crests or ridges (Fig. 29E-H).

Stipes 4-30cm long, covered in ovate scales (Fig. 9A-E). Laminae usually ovate, 6-40 × 5-20 cm. Pinnae 5-15 pairs, 20-100 × 10-25 mm. Spores (35)40-43(49) mcm long, (21)24-27(33) mcm wide (5 populations).

n = 72

n = 72

2n = 144