Rhizome short, erect or ascending, sts shortly creeping, clad in dark brown subulate-acuminate paleae 5-8 mm. long; stipites tufted to approximate. Stipes slender to stout, us. stiff to rigid, erect or ascending, pale green, 5-15 cm. long, sparingly paleate when young. Rhachis slender to stout, grey-green, sparingly paleate to nude. Lamina dark green, subcoriac., 7-25 × 2.5-10-(15) cm., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2-3-pinnate. Primary pinnae 3-5-(10) × 1-4 cm., ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, stalked, up to 28. Secondary pinnae c. 2 × 1-2 cm., ovate-oblong, often overlapping, pinnatisect or again pinnate; segs linear-lanceolate to linear, up to 5 mm. long, acute to subacute, sts apiculate. Sori oblong, submarginal, 2-4 mm. long; indusium firm.

Rhizome short, stout, erect, bearing dark brown subulate scales up to 20 × 2 mm. Stipes 5—15 cm long, brown on underside, green above, densely covered in subulate scales with filiform apices (Fig. 17P-S). Laminae ovate to narrowly ovate, 10-25 × 4-12 cm, dark green, relatively thin, normally tripinnate. Raches green, very scaly, slightly grooved. Pinnae 10-15 crowded and overlapping pairs, ovate to narrowly ovate, sub-acute, stalked, 2-8 × 1-4 cm. Secondary pinnae stalked, ovate, 10-20 × 10-15 mm, again pinnate or pinnatifid. Ultimate segments linear, acute or sub-acute, up to 8 mm long. Pinnae and pinnules not flattened in one plane but spreading in three dimensions. Sori 2-4 mm long, submarginal. Spores (38)44-49(55) mcm long, (27)32-36(40) mcm wide (6 populations), perispore prominently winged and ridged (Fig. 30I-J).

n = 144

n = 144