Species of Torrubiella s. lat. do not produce perithecia on a stipitate stroma. This morphology has been derived multiple times among these fungi, presumably from stipitate ancestors. As shown in the species of Cordyceps s. lat., species of Torrubiella s. lat. do not represent a monophyletic group, but instead reflect artificial groupings of similar homoplastic morphologies and ecologies. Most species of Torrubiella s. lat. are pathogens of spiders and scale insects, whereas most frequent hosts of Cordyceps s. lat. include Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera with rare occurrences on scale insects and spiders.