Download Copy a link to this page Cite this record

Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838

Scientific name record
Names_Fungi record source
Is NZ relevant
This is the current name
This record has collections
This record has descriptions
This is foreign
Show more

Click to collapse Details Info

Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr., Epicr. Syst. Mycol. 317 (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838

Click to collapse Biostatus Info

Exotic
Present
New Zealand
Political Region

Click to collapse Nomenclature Info

(Batsch) Fr.
Batsch
Fr.
1838
317
Fr.
ICN
species
Paxillus involutus

Click to collapse Classification Info

involutus

Click to collapse Vernacular names Info

Click to collapse Descriptions Info

Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838

Adventitious under Betula and Corylus in Auckland and various localities in Canterbury MCNABB 1969: 352).

Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838

COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: Under (1) Betula pendula, Auckland: Hamilton, 10.iv. 1964, E. Davies; Whakarewarewa, 22.v.1964, R. F. R McN.; Taupo 7.iv.l965, 30.iv.l967, R. F. R. McN. Canterbury: Culverden, 23.iii.l966, R. F. R. McN.; Christchurch, Burnside, 24.iv.l968, R. J. McN.; Hagley Park, 22.iv.l968, 25.iv.l968, R. F. R. McN.; (2) Corylus avellana, Canterbury: Harewood, 20.iii.1966, R. F. R. McN.; (3) introduced broadleaved trees: Canterbury: Christchurch Botanical Gardens, 31.iii.l968, 17.ii.l968, R. F. R. McN.
PILEUS: convex or occasionally umbonate when young, applanate, centrally depressed or shallowly infundibuliform at maturity, 4-12 cm diam., slightly to moderately viscid under wet conditions, otherwise dry, velutinate to subtomentose when young, sparsely felted to subglabrous at maturity, often areolately creviced, brownish fawn, ochraceous brown, rusty brown, or faintly olive brown, frequently mottled and with dark reddish brown stains; cuticle a trichodermium when young, composed of erect, filamentous hyphae with clamp connections and brown contents, terminal cells unspecialised, 4-8.5 µm. diam., becoming disorganised at maturity and hyphae obliquely ascending or repent; margins strongly involute and coarsely tomentose when young, irregularly involute and sparsely felted or subglabrous at maturity, often faintly radially sulcate when old. LAMELLAE: crowded, deeply decurrent, meruloid or anastomosing near stipe, simple, anastomosing, or repeatedly dichotomously branched to 3 times, often with prominent side veins, 3-7 mm deep, dull creamy ochraceous when young, darkening to dull yellowish brown or yellowish rusty brown at maturity, discoloured dark reddish brown where damaged, lamellulae present, irregularly arranged. STIPE: 1.5-6 cm long, subequal or tapering basally, occasionally expanded at extreme base, to 1.8 cm diam. apically, to 0.8 cm. diam. basally, central or occasionally eccentric, solid, dry, tomentose, subtomentose, or finely velutinate by presence of filamentous, clamped hyphae with brown contents, or subglabrous, more or less concolorous with lamellae apically, brownish fawn or sordid brown towards base, often with reddish brown tints; flesh sordid brownish fawn, brownish yellow or pallid brown, turning faint reddish brown on exposure to air; veil absent. SPORES: spore print orange-brown (between Sudan Brown and Antique Brown); spore melleous, ovate to broadly elliptical, slight suprahilar depression or applanation occasionally present, apiculate, germ pore absent, 8.4-10.4- (12.5) X 5-6.5 µm., moderately thick-walled, smooth. HYMENIUM: basidia hyaline, clavate, 25-40-(50)X 7-10 µm., 4-spored; cystidia scattered, numerous, fusiform to ventricose-rostrate, hyaline or with brownish walls and contents, 42-85 X 6.5-13.5 µm. HYMENOPHORAL TRAMA: bilateral, mediostratum of slightly interwoven, longitudinal hyphae, lateral stratum of more closely interwoven hyphae; clamp connections present. CONTEXT OF PILEUS: sordid yellowish white to brownish white, slowly turning reddish brown on exposure to air. SMELL and TASTE: not distinctive. CHEMICAL CHARACTERS: KOH on pileus—dark reddish brown with purplish tints; on context—dark purplish brown; NH4OH on pileus—darkening with reddish purple tints; on context—faint reddish purple.
HABITAT: Gregarious under introduced broadleaved trees.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Wakefield and Dennis, Common British Fungi pl 70 fig. 2.1950.

Paxillus involutus is widely distributed throughout temperate and warm temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The species has also been recorded from temperate South America and Australia, but Singer (1964) considered that it might be introduced rather than indigenous to the Southern Hemisphere. It is not clear whether Singer and Moser (1965) regarded P. involutus as an introduced species in Chile. However, the strict association of P. involutus with exotic trees in Australia (Cleland, 1934) and New Zealand strongly suggests that it is not indigenous to these two countries.

The mycorrhizal status of P. involutus is uncertain. Singer (1964) considered it to be facultatively mycorrhizal and remarked that while it generally occurred in the shade of trees, it did not necessarily form mycorrhizas with them. Singer and Moser (1965) later regarded the species as transitionally mycorrhizal and capable of living either as a mycorrhizal fungus or independently. The fact that P. involutus occurs only in association with introduced ectotrophs indicates that it is obligatorily mycorrhizal in this country.

P. involutus is considered edible but of inferior quality. It has been reported to cause poisonings in Europe and it is now thought necessary to boil the fruitbodies and discard the liquid before eating (Singer, 1962). The species has not previously been recorded from New Zealand.

TYPE LOCALITY: Germany.

Click to collapse Taxonomic concepts Info

Agaricus involutus Batsch (1786)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)

Click to collapse Collections Info

Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
New Zealand
Auckland
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
New Zealand
Bay of Plenty
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
New Zealand
Central Otago
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
New Zealand
Dunedin
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
New Zealand
Fiordland
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
New Zealand
Mid Canterbury
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
New Zealand
Nelson
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
New Zealand
Rangitikei
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
New Zealand
Taupo
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
New Zealand
Waikato
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
New Zealand
Wairarapa
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
New Zealand
Wellington
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
United Kingdom
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
United States
Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 1838
USSR

Click to collapse Notes Info

taxonomic status
Sensu lato NZ records include P. ammoniavirescens and P. cuprinus. Genuine P. involutus is restricted to 'shady woodland' in Europe but sequenced NZ material (OTA73323) matches the epitype.

Click to collapse Metadata Info

1cb1979c-36b9-11d5-9548-00d0592d548c
scientific name
Names_Fungi
1 January 2000
9 April 2001
Click to go back to the top of the page
Top