Additional Specimens Examined. USA. CALIFORNIA: On Eucalyptus sp., Harkness 2321 (holotype of Byssonectria chrysocoma, NY). MASSACHUSETTS: Sharon, on rotting hardwood, Piquet (NY ex FH). NEW YORK: Adirondack Mts., on Chondrioderma spumarioides (Fries) Rost., Rex, Aug 1882 (NY, in type packet of Nectria rexiana). COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA: Ca. 15 km from Bogota, on the Bogota-Choachi Rd., on Puya leaves, Dumont (CO 5539), Carpenter & Sherwood, 4 Aug 1976 (NY). FRANCE. PYRENEES-ATLANTIQUES: Pau, on Phyllostachys mitis A. & C. Riviere, Dr Travade comm. F. Candoussau, 2 Apr 1983 (PDD 46476, NY); LANDES: Capbreton, Bord du Boudigau, on Phyllosta chysmitis, Candoussau 4862, 9 Jun 1986 (Herb. Candoussau, NY). NEW ZEALAND. North Island. AUCKLAND: Waitemata City, Waitakere Ranges, Fairy Falls Track, on Rhopalostylis sapida Wendl. & Drude, Samuels 75-148 (PDD 36421, NY); Fairy Falls Track, on Cyathea dealbata, Samuels, 22 May 1975 (PDD 36420); North Island. COROMANDEL: Thames Co., Coromandel Forest Park, vic. Thames, Kauaeranga Valley, on decaying leaf of Freycinetia baueriana Endl. subsp. banksii (A. Cunn.) Stone, Dingley, Samuels (74-111) & Haydon, 27 Aug 1974 (PDD 34054).

Anamorph. Acremonium sp.
Mycelium white to pale golden, scant, spreading; hyphae septate, branched, thin-walled, smooth, 2-3 µm wide. Conidiophores arising in the mycelium, macronematous, mononematous, 30-40 µm long x 1.5 µm wide at base, tapering to 1 µm wide at tip, straight, smooth or with yellow granulation at the base, colorless, monophialidic; tip of phialide not visibly thickened, not flared. Conidia ellipsoidal to subglobose, (2-)2.6-3.4(-4) x 2-2.5 µm, lacking a visible basal abscission scar, unicellular, colorless, held in a colorless drop of liquid at the tip of each phialide. Perithecia gregarious, seated on the mycelium, nonstromatic, easily removed from the substrate, globose to broadly pyriform, (100-) 116-160(-175) x (100-)111-147(-175) µm, nonpapillate, becoming cupulate, collapsing by lateral pinching or not collapsing when dry; smooth, wall covered by thin-walled, golden-yellow to white hyphae with few to many free ends; yellow to orange-yellow, either not changing color in 3% KOH or becoming roseous in 3% KOH. Cells at surface of perithecial wall obscured by hyphae. Perithecial wall 10-15 µm wide, comprising a single region of small cells; perithecial apex not anatomically distinct from the lateral perithecial wall, ostiolar canal periphysate. Asci broadly cylindrical to narrowly clavate, (27-)33-49(-65) x 5-6.7(-8) µm, apex with a refractive apical ring; 8-spread, ascospores partially to completely biseriate, completely filling each ascus. Ascospores oblong to narrowly ellipsoidal, (6-)7.5-10.3(-14) x 1.5-2.3(-3) µm, ends obtuse, equally 2-celled, not constricted at the septum, smooth, colorless.
Characteristics in Culture. Colonies grown two weeks at 22°C, diffuse daylight. CMD, OA: flat, felty, opaque, pink, with concentric rings of conidial production; colony reverse pink; colonies on CMD with short aerial hyphae, colonies on OA with well developed, hyphal, rope-like strands, surface of colony on OA sulcate and crustose. Conidial production abundant on CMD and OA; conidiophores arising from surface of colony, aerial hyphae and hyphal ropes from 2 µm wide hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, unbranched or once branched, 20-35 µm long x 2 µm wide at base, tapering uniformly to 1 µm wide at tip, with a single, basal septum; smooth or roughened at the base, colorless. Conidia ellipsoidal to subglobose, (3-)3.3-5.3(-7) x 1.5-2 µm, basal abscission scar not visible, unicellular, colorless, held in a pale salmon-colored drop of liquid at the tip of each phialide.

Known Distribution. Colombia, France, New Zealand, USA (California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York).

Habitat. On herbaceous debris including palms, Pandanaceae and the tree fern Cyathea dealbata (Forst. f.) Swartz.

Notes. This concept of N. squamulosa may be too broad but I cannot see characters that are sufficiently consistent to recognize more than one taxon. The roseous perithecial coloration in 3% KOH was seen only in the French and New Zealand collections.
Ascospores of the type specimen of Nectria squamulosa are 7-9 x 1.5-2 µm, ascospores of the type collection of Byssonectria chrysocoma are 8-12 x 2-3 µm; perithecia of this collection are associated with a thin, golden-yellow mycelium.
The characteristics of the naturally formed anamorph are taken from two New Zealand collections (PDD 36420, 36421). One of these (PDD 36420) was cultured; a second New Zealand isolate (PDD 34054) was also cultured. Conidia found in cultures of PDD 36420 were identical to those found on the specimen whereas conidia found in cultures of 34054 were longer [(4-)4.3-5.8(-7) x 1.5-2 µm] and ellipsoidal. Perithecia of PDD 34054 did not become roseous in 3% KOH. Conidia of the French specimens were identical to those found on the New Zealand specimens. Cultures of the New Zealand collections are no longer viable.
Nectriopsis squamulosa is most closely related to the myxomyceticolous species N. candicans and N. oropensoides.

Holotype. USA. New Jersey: Newfield, on fallen limb, Ellis 656b, Nov 22, 1881 (NY!).