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Petersen, R.H.; Hughes, K.W. 2004: A contribution to a monograph of Lentinellus. Bibliotheca Mycologica. 198.

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Petersen, R.H.; Hughes, K.W. 2004: A contribution to a monograph of Lentinellus. Bibliotheca Mycologica. 198.
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Specimens examined ARGENTINA, Prov. Neuquen, vie. Puerto Manzano, "Cerro Cortinario," 15.111.63, coll. R. Singer (as L. omphalomorphus), no. M3059 (MICH ex BAFC); Prov. Tierra del Fuego, Dpto. Ushuaia, Tierra Mayor, 5.111.74, Horak 74/149 (isotype; ZT); Tierra Mayor, 1975, Horak no. 75/77 (ZT); Valle Glaciar Martial, vie. Ushuaia, 1975, Horak no. 75/40 (ZT). NEW ZEALAND, North Island, Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, Waiatarua, 26.VII.72, coil. J.M. Dingley, det. B.P. Segedin (as L. marginatus), no. 63250 (PDD); Bay of Plenty, Mamaku Ranges, 5.IV.65, coll. R.F.R. McNabb, det. B.P. Segedin (as L. pulvinulus), no. 62528 (PDD); South Island, South Canterbury, Peel Forest, 22.VII.67, coll. G.M. Taylor (GMT 374), det. B.P. Segedin (as L. marginatus; holotype), no. 63251 (PDD); Nelson Dist., St. Amaud, Lake Rotoiti Lodge, Peninsula Track, coll. G. Ridley, on Nothofagus, det. B.P. Segedin (as L. pulvinulus), TFB 7104 (TENN 56878).

Basidiomata gregarious, flabelliform, spathulate, ligulate when young to subdimidiate when mature, convex to subconchate, sessile to pendent (i.e. not everted-curled like L. cochleatus). Pileus 7-32 mm broad, up to 24 mm deep, subundulate to delicately radially rivulose, "Rood's brown" to "pecan brown" (6C5-6135), russet to (where poorly dried) brown-black, "orange buff' to "capucine buff' (5A5-6) or duller (5B5-7), with spots of "buckthorn brown" (5136), surface smooth outward, minutely pubescent to minutely micaceous at disc, more hirsute or hoary at stipe attachment; hoary ornamentation yellow, drying pallid gray; margin translucent-striate, decurved, fimbriate to crenulate but not striate, darker than pileus, as though hygrophanous (5B5); flesh thin (less than 1 mm thick). Lamellae adnate, subdecurrent, subdistant, up to 3.5 mm deep, in at least three ranks, "pale cinnamon pink" (5A2-3) to "cinnamon buff' when fresh, drying to "tilleul buff'.to (poorly dried) dark brown (5135, 6C4); margin coarsely digitate-serrate, reported as minutely white. Stipe lateral to absent, 2-10 X 2-4 mm, prominent, reduced to a knot or absent, more or less equal (when present), irregular in cross-section (i.e. not terete, fluted by lamellar ridges), near "buckthorn brown" (5137), dark brown, "drab," to "light drab," strigose, plushy to covered with hyphal spikes. Odor very weak, typical; taste very slowly weakly acrid, mildly anesthetic to tip of tongue.

Pileipellis a repent, radial, coherent layer of generative hyphae involved in mucus; hyphae 2.0-7.0 µm diam, hyaline to yellowish brown (BF, KOH), thin-walled, clamped; mucus epi- and interhyphal, discharged in globules in squash mounts (PhC, KOH), amorphous, not granular. Suprapellis outward undeveloped but lanceolate pileicystidia emergent from generative hyphae; pileicystidia (Fig. 24) 55-92 X 6.7-13.0 µm, ranging from elongate-ellipsoid with bluntly rounded apex to fusoid with prolonged beak, to fusiform-lanceolate, gradually tapered to bluntly lanceolate tip, hyaline, sometimes biaxial, thin-walled, inamyloid; inward pileicystidia gloeoplerous, 150-340 X 6.5-17.0 µm, narrowly vermiform to nematoform, tapering to narrow apex, undulate to irregularly swollen, thick-walled (wall up to 1.8 µm thick), yellow-refringent (PhC, KOH), inamyloid; contents glassy to finely coscinoidal; pileileptocystidia numerous, 2.0-3.0 µm diam, hyaline, filamentous, rounded at apex, twisted to delicately undulate, emergent up to 45 µm. Subpellis of outer pileus dimitic: 1) generative hyphae 3.0-6.0 µm diam, hyaline, thin-walled, clamped; and 2) gloeoplerous hyphae abundant, sinuous, yellow-refringent (PhC, KOH); contents cosdinoidal; subpellis of inner pileus dimitic: 1) generative hyphae undulate, thick-walled (wall up to 0.7 µm thick), hyaline, clamped; and 2) gloeoplerous hyphae occasional, as in outer subpellis.

Pileus trama interwoven, dimitic: 1) generative hyphae 2.0-7.5 µm diam, hyaline, thick-walled (wall up to 1.3 µm thick, commonly occluding cell lumen), glassy-refringent over short lengths, long-celled, branched, inamyloid to weakly amyloid (pale blue-gray), conspicuously and frequently clamped, occasionally ornamented with minute warts on exterior surface and then appearing minutely banded; and 2) gloeoplerous hyphae common (not abundant) near surface, less so inward, 3.5-7.0(-14.0) µm diam, yellow-refringent (PhC, KOH), thin-walled, emergent up to 15 µm; and 4) leptocystidia (Fig. 25c) filamentous, 1.8-3.0 µm diam, yellow-refringent (PhC, KOH), emergent up to 15 µm; contents coscinoidal.

Basidiospores (Fig. 25d) 4.0-5.7 X (3.5-)4.0-4.5 µm (E = 1.08-1.33; Em = 1.20; Lm = 4.85 gym), ovate to broadly ovate to subglobose, thin-walled, weakly to moderately amyloid; ornamentation of densely scattered, strongly amyloid prickles barely visible at 1500X;contents homogeneous to uniguttulate.

New Zealand, Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego.
Habitat: on standing or fallen rotten wood in a mixed Nothofagus/Podocarpus forest
Commentary Although centrally to eccentrically stipitate basidiomata of L. singeri are found (see-Horak, 1979), some basidiomata closely resemble those of L. fabelliformis and/or L. occidentalis (laterally stipitate; pileus broadly cuneiform to subdimidiate). In this feature, however, basidiomata are not of the everted-curled stature of members of the L. cochleatus complex.
Neither pleurocystidia nor pileicystidia can be reliably referred to generative or gloeoplerous hyphal systems. Neither structure could be traced to a gloeoplerous hypha and contents appeared hyaline and homogeneous under phase contrast microscopy. Horak correctly illustrated pileicystidia as basally bifurcate, assumedly arising from generative hyphae of the subpellis or trama. Nonetheless, occasionally cell contents are less than homogeneous, but subtly multigranular as though gloeoplerous. In L. tridentinus, pileicystidia are definitely gloeoplerous in color and light refringence, and differ in form (pileicystidia vermiform in L. tridentinus; hymenial cystidia clavate to bluntly rounded).
A molecular phylogenetic reconstruction places L. singeri as virtually congruent with L. marginatus ss Segedin (q.v.). The two species share several rather unique characters: 1) attachment to substratum; 2) small basidiomata; 3) minutely micaceous appearance of inner pileus surface (30X); 4) similar pileal pseudocystidia; 5) subdistant, coarsely serrate lamellae; 6) relatively large basidiospores. Examination of the few available specimens of each species lead us to conclude that they are conspecific.
Horak (1979) referred to Lentinellus omphalomorphus (Bertero & Montagne) ss. Singer as a synonym of L. singeri, but presented no evidence of how "ss. Singer" differed from the original descriptions and/or specimen by Montagne. Likewise, no evidence was reported about why the taxon required a new name unless "ss Singer" could be shown not to agree with the original material.
Nonetheless, L. singeri was given as "sp. n." by Horak, not as "nom. nov." as would have been required if Agaricus omphalomorphus Bert. apud Mont. had been a later homonym. Likewise, Singer (1969) recombined Agaricus omphalomorphus in Lentinellus, and while citing several Singer collections, did not report examination of Montagne's type specimen. We were unable to examine Montagne's type specimen (PC), so the identity of Montagne's organism remains in doubt, and the correlation of Singer's sense of the name cannot be ascertained without examination of all pertinent material. Until this has been accomplished, we are reluctant to repeat doubtful synonymy.
Although we have examined the specimens which Segedin (1996) cited under L. marginatus, we have been unable to observe the "chlamydospores" described and figured by Segedin. Instead, the only structures which could be construed as such were skeletalized pileicystidia near the pileus margin, elongate-ellipsoid in outline but never disarticulated. Moreover, Segedin (1996) described L. marginatus even after having examined the type specimen of Lentinus novaezelandiae, apparently based on the putative chlamydospores in L. marginatus.
Some basidiomata of L. novaezelandiae are virtually indistinguishable from those of L. occidentalis. Those of the latter are also characterized by pileicystidia of comparable dimensions to those of L. novae-zelandiae, and spore statistics are not significantly different. DNA sequences, moreover, show L. occidentalis to be in a clade with L. montanus and closely related to L. novae-zelandiae.
Although dimitic, generative hyphae of the pileus trama in L. novae-zelandiae are often skeletalized and then sometimes faintly amyloid. This construction is quite like that of L. fabelliformis, basidiomata of which are similar to those of L. novae-zelandiae. Pileicystidia are absent in L. fabelliformis, however, and the species is known to occur only in the North Temperate Zone.

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12 October 2004
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