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Whitton, S.R.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Hyde, K.D. 2001: Microfungi on the Pandanaceae: Stachybotrys, with three new species. New Zealand Journal of Botany 39(3): 489-499.

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Whitton, S.R.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Hyde, K.D. 2001: Microfungi on the Pandanaceae: Stachybotrys, with three new species. New Zealand Journal of Botany 39(3): 489-499.
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ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: HONG KONG, Hong Kong Island, Pokfulam, in forest off Hatton Road above The University of Hong Kong, on decaying leaves of Pandanus furcatus, S.R. Whitton, 25 Aug 1997, HKU(M) 13096. NEW ZEALAND, Auckland, Hunua Ranges, Waharau Regional Park, on decaying leaves of Freycinetia banksii, S.R. Whitton, 23 May 1996, HKU(M) 13097.
Colonies effuse, hairy, spreading over the substrate surface, visibly white, with conidiophores terminated by black, spherical spore masses. Mycelium immersed. Stroma none. Conidiophores 58-272 µm long, 3.5-13.5 µm wide towards the base, macronematous, mononematous, singular or in groups, branched, erect, straight or curved, smooth, typically hyaline towards the base, sometimes becoming pale grey towards the apex, cylindrical or very slightly tapered towards the apex, slightly enlarged at the apex, 1-8-septate, walls greatly thickened especially towards the base, walls narrowing in thickness towards the apex, septa thickened but not as greatly as the walls, enlarged apex gives rise to a whorl of phialides. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, monophialidic, discrete, terminal, determinate, ellipsoidal to clavate, smooth, pale grey, aseptate, apex rounded, forming a whorl at the apex of the conidiophores, 4-14 per whorl, 10-15 x 4-6 µm. Conidia 7.5-10.5 x 7-10.5 µm, aggregated in slimy, black, glistening heads at the apices of the conidiogenous cells, initially ellipsoidal, becoming broadly ellipsoidal or broadly clavate to almost spherical at maturity, apical end broadly rounded, basal end typically with a single papilla, black, aseptate, verrucose.
DISTRIBUTION: Hong Kong, New Zealand.
HABITAT: Known to inhabit decaying leaves of Freycinetia banksii and Pandanus furcatus.
Coloniae effusae, albae. Mycelium immersum. Conidiophora macronematosa, mononematosa, solitaria vel fasciculata, ramosa, erecta, recta vel curvata, laevia, hyalina vel pallide grisea, 58-272 µm longa, basi 3.5-13.5 µm, cylindrica, 1-8-septata. Cellulae conidiogenae monophialidicae, discretae, 4-14 in verticillo dispositae, ellipsoidae vel clavatae, 10-15 x 4-6 µm, pallide griseae. Conidia in massis globosis aggregata, ellipsoida, late ellipsoida, late clavata vel globosa, nigra, verrucosa, eseptata, 7.5-10.5 x 7-10.5 µm; apice rotundata, basi papillate.

ETYMOLOGY: kapiti, refers to the locally used name, Kapiti Coast, for the west coast north of Wellington. Kapiti is a Maori name, and is used here as a noun in apposition.

NOTES: Of the six species of Stachybotrys that produce more or less spherical conidia, S. crassa (16-18 µm diam.), S. nilagirica (15-28 µm diam.), and S. sphaerospora (11-12 µm diam.) produce conidia of a larger diameter than that found in the above specimens (Marchal 1895; Subramanian 1957; Jong & Davis 1976; Morgan-Jones & Sinclair 1980). The conidia of S. microspora (5-6 µm diam.) and S. ruwenzoriensis (6-8 µm diam.) are both somewhat smaller than the current specimens (Jong & Davis 1976; Matsushima 1985). The conidia of S. globosa are spherical, roughened, black, and 4.5-8 µm diam. Even though S. globosa is the closest in respect to conidial size to the current specimens, the conidia of S. globosa are totally spherical, the conidiophores are often covered in dark granules near the apex, and the whorl of phialides contains only 2-5 individual conidiogenous cells, which are smaller (5.5-9 x 3.5-5.5 µm) than the phialides in the present specimens (Misra & Srivastava 1982).

HOLOTYPUS (hic designatus): Wellington, north of Paraparaumu, Nikau Reserve, on decaying leaves of Freycinetia banksii, S.R. Whitton, 2 Jun 1996, HKU(M) 13098.
Colonies effuse, hairy, consisting of single or small groups of conidiophores on the substrate surface, visibly white and terminated by black, spherical spore masses. Mycelium immersed. Stroma none. Conidiophores 54-75 µm long, 4.5-7 µm wide towards the base, macronematous, mononematous, single or in groups, unbranched, erect, straight or curved, smooth, typically hyaline towards the base, sometimes pale grey towards the apex, cylindrical or slightly tapering towards the apex, slightly enlarged at the apex, 1-3-septate, walls thickened, septa often thickened especially lower septa, enlarged apex gives rise to a whorl of phialides, basal cell sometimes slightly swollen. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, monophialidic, discrete, terminal, determinate, clavate to ellipsoidal, smooth, pale grey or sometimes with a darker grey apex, aseptate, apex rounded, forming a whorl at the apex of the conidiophores, 3-6 per whorl, 10-15 x 4.5-6 µm. Conidia 14.5-19 x 8-11.5 µm, aggregated in slimy, black, glistening heads at the apices of the conidiogenous cells, ellipsoidal to broadly ellipsoidal, apex rounded, base rounded or with a broad truncate papilla, black, aseptate, verrucose.
DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.
HABITAT: Known to inhabit decaying leaves of Freycinetia banksii.
Coloniae effusae, albae. Mycelium immersum. Conidiophora macronematosa, mononematosa, solitaria vel fasciculata, eramosa, erecta, recta vel curvata, laevia, hyalina vel pallide grisea, 54-75 µm longa, basi 4.5-7 µm, apice inflata, cylindrica, 1-3-septata. Cellulae conidiogenae monophialidicae, discretae, 3-6 in verticillo dispositae, clavatae vel ellipsoidae, 10-15 x 4.5-6 µm, pallide griseae. Conidia in massis globosis aggregata, ellipsoidea vel late ellipsoidea, nigra, verrucosa, eseptata, 14.5-19 x 8-11.5 µm; apice rotundata, basi rotundata vel late truncate papillata.

ETYMOLOGY: waitakere, refers to the type locality, Waitakere Ranges. Waitakere is a Maori name, and is used here as a noun in apposition.

NOTES: Few species of Stachybotrys have broadly ellipsoidal conidia of the dimensions seen in the present specimen. In S. cylindrospora the conidia are ellipsoidal, of similar length (13-16 x 4-6 µm), but differ in conidial width and by the characteristic striations on the conidial walls (Jong & Davis 1976). The conidia of S. kampalensis are morphologically similar to the present specimen, but are smaller (10-14 x 6-7 µm) especially in regard to width (Jong & Davis 1976). The conidia of S. freycinetia are smaller (10-15 x 3.5-5 µm), not as ellipsoidal, and more coarsely verrucose than the current specimen (McKenzie 1991). In S. verrucispora the conidia are of a similar size (11-16.5 x 8-11 µm) but are more coarsely verrucose, and the conidiophores (80-235 x 7-12.5 µm) are much larger (Matsushima 1985).

HOLOTYPUS (hic designatus): New Zealand, Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, Spraggs Bush, on decaying leaves of Freycinetia banksii, S.R. Whitton, 23 May 1996, HKU(M) 13099.

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Stachybotrys on Pandanaceae

1
Conidia hyaline, pink in mass, limoniform or fusiform, 8-14 x 6-9 um or 10-17 x 3-6 um, smooth
Conidia dark, black in mass
2
2
Conidia reniform or curved
3
Conidia otherwise (limoniform, fusiform, cylindrical, ellipsoidal, oval, or spherical)
5
3
Conidia tightly curled, almost circular, 11-15.5 x 10.5-14 um in face view, verrucose
Conidia slightly curved or reniform
4
4
Conidia 8-12 x 4.5-6 um, verrucose
Conidia 10-13.5 x 6-9.5 um verrucose
5
Conidia ± spherical, 7-10.5 um, verrucose
Conidia limoniform, fusiform, cylindrical, ellipsoidal, or oval
6
6
Conidia < 3.5 um wide
7
Conidia > 3.5 um wide
8
7
Conidia oval, 3-6.5(-7) x 2-3.5 um smooth or verrucose
Conidia cylindrical, (6.5-)7-9.5 x 2-3.5 um, smooth or verrucose
8
Conidia <= 6 um wide
9
Conidia > 6 um wide
11
9
Conidia cylindrical, base rounded or truncate, 9-15 x 3.5-6 um, verrucose
Conidia ellipsoidal or cylindrical
10
10
Conidia ellipsoidal, 7-12 x 3.5-6 um smooth, verrucose, or ridged
Conidia ellipsoidal or cylindrical, base often obliquely attenuated, 8-14 x 4-6 um, verrucose
11
Conidia ellipsoidal or obovoid, 10-16.5 x 9-13 um, coarsely verrucose
Conidia long-ellipsoidal to broadly ellipsoidal, base rounded or truncate, 14.5-19 x 8-11.5 um, verrucose

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6408002a-cea1-11d5-bebb-00508bca8de8
reference
Names_Fungi
24 March 2004
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