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Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884

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Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke, Grevillea 12 70 (1884)
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884

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Exotic
Present
New Zealand
Political Region
present in willow swamps

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Cooke
Bolton
(Bolton) Cooke
1884
70
ICN
species
Laccaria tortilis

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tortilis

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Under (1) Quercus robur, Auckland: Cambridge, 20.ix.l969, P. K. C. Austwick and E. P. White. (2) native shrubs, Auckland: Ngaruawahia, 27.iii.l971, E. P. White.
PILEUS: 0,3-1.5 cm diam., convex when young, plano-convex, applanate, or occasionally centrally depressed at maturity, often variously deformed, hygrophanous, non-viscid, pellucid-striate at margins under wet conditions, glabrous, often faintly pruinose when dry, pinkish brown to reddish brown, drying pallid buff. Cuticle composed of unspecialised, repent, parallel or slightly interwoven, thin-walled, clamped hyphae 6-11 µm diam. LAMELLAE: adnexed, adnate, or subdecurrent, distant, intermixed, thick, to 3 mm deep, pink, glaucous. STIPE: 0.6-1.8 cm long, ± equal, 1-2 mm diam., dry, hollow, finely longitudinally fibrillose, concolorous with pileus; flesh concolorous with exterior; basal mycelium white. SPORES: spore print white when fresh; spores globose to subglobose, apiculate, hyaline, inamyloid, coarsely echinulate, 16-21 µm diam. including spines, spines 2-3-(3.5) µm long, to 2.5 µm diam. basally. HYMENIUM: basidia hyaline, stout, broadly cylindrical to clavate, 40-53 X 11-13 µm, 2-spored, sterigmata to 12 µm long; paraphyses absent. HYMENOPHORAL TRAMA: regular, composed of tinted, ± parallel, long-celled hyphae; clamp connections present. CONTEXT OF PILEUS: thin, concolorous with exterior. SMELL AND TASTE: not distinctive. CHEMICAL CHARACTERS : FeSO4 on pileus and context—rapidly dark grey; KOH and NH4OH on pileus and context—n.r.
Gregarious to caespitose under native and introduced trees and shrubs.
Orton, Trans. Brit. mycol. Soc. 43: 419, fig. 310. 1960 (as L. tortilis).

This species is frequently described under Laccaria tortilis ([Bolt.] S. F. Gray) Cooke. The identity of L. tortilis is a matter of conjecture as interpretation of the species rests on Bolton's illustrations and brief description. Many mycologists retain the epithet tortilis for the large-spored Laccaria with bisporous basidia (Orton, 1960), but Singer (1952) considered that L. tortilis was a small-spored species and regarded Rea's (1922) interpretation as the correct one. Singer (1943) took up the epithet echinospora, which was originally applied to a South American species by Spegazzini, for this large-spored Laccaria. As the type of  L. echinospora is still in existence. Singer's choice of names has been followed.

L. echinospora is widely distributed throughout temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and in temperate South America where it occurs under both native and introduced trees (Singer, 1952). The species is readily recognisable by the small, often distorted fructifications, bisporous basidia, and large coarsely echinulate spores. L. echinospora has not previously been recorded from New Zealand, and from the few collections it is not possible to decide whether it is an indigenous species. Stevenson (1964) stated that her record of  L. tortilis from this country applied to a small-spored species.

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Agaricus echinosporus Speg. 1880
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884
Agaricus tortilis Bolton (1788)
Agaricus tortilis Bolton (1788)
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884
Laccaria echinospora (Speg.) Singer 1943
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke (1884)
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke (1884)
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884
Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884

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Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884
[Not available]

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taxonomic status
McNabb's use of L. echinospora with Quercus and native shrubs is probably another taxon, and Stevenson's use of this name is L. tetraspora sensu McNabb, yet another taxon. [JAC]

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3d8164c6-7d0b-11d5-bebb-00508bca8de8
scientific name
Names_Fungi
20 July 2001
20 July 2001
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