Phialocephala oblonga is based on Paradidymobotryum oblongum, the type species of a monotypic hyphomycete genus described from rotten Ulmus americana wood collected in New York state (Wang and Sutton 1984). This connection was confirmed by comparing ITS and RPB1 sequences of two cultures derived from single-spore isolations of independently collected Ph. oblonga specimens. This synanamorph connection was unexpected because of the striking differences in morphology and conidiogenesis of Pa. oblongum and Phialocephala. However, there are morphological similarities between Pa. oblongum and the diplococcium-like synanamorph of Ph. catenospora.