Melanocephala cupulifera S. Hughes 1979
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Melanocephala cupulifera S. Hughes 1979
Conidiophores arise singly or in groups of 2 or 3: they are erect, simple, mostly straight, cylindrical, with a slightly swollen basal cell up to 11 µm wide, usually non-septate, 80-110 µm long and 5.5-7.2 µm wide, brown to very dark brown at the base, paler at the apex, terminating in a conidiogenous cell. The conidiogenous cells are 12.5-16.2 µm long, cylindrical at the base then expanding into an obconical or cup-shaped distal part 9-12.5 µm wide and which is basally concolorous with the main stalk of the conidiophore but paler toward the apex; they bear a single blastic conidium which, at maturity, is released rhexolytically by a clean break at the apex of the conidiogenous cell. As the conidium is approaching maturity the contents of the conidiogenous cell retreat from the lateral wall and often form a column attached to the base of the conidium. A distinct new wall is formed around the condensed contents which, toward the apex, appear frequently to be attached tenuously to the downwardly directed, narrow fimbriate collar attached centrally to the base of the conidium. Sometimes the new wall, formed around the retreated contents of the conidiogenous cell, reaches down as far as the intact septum below, but at other times it extends only a part of the way down the conidiogenous cell to merge with the original inner wall. The percurrent proliferation, which arises from the newly-walled contents, extends beyond the open end and produces another conidium at a higher level in the usual way. Up to five such proliferations have been seen and these conidiophores are up to 180 µm long: they bear along their distal end the cup-like remains of the wall of each conidiogenous cell. Conidia arise singly and blastically at the apex of each successive conidiogenous cell. They are broadly ellipsoidal, medially somewhat waisted, smooth, brown to dark brown to black and opaque, 3-septate with the lower cell usually shortest and less pigmented. As conidia mature they show a broad dark band over the 2 distal septa but this is masked in deeply pigmented mature conidia. They measure 30-43 x 18-23.5 µm and 9-12.5 µm wide at the truncate base. The base of a mature conidium usually bears a central, short, narrow, dark brown, downwardly directed collar with a fimbriate lower margin.
Coloniae effusae, breviter pilosae, atrae. Mycelium ex hyphis ramosis septatis, pallide brunneis vel brunneis, levibus 2-5 µm crassis compositum. Conidiophora singula vel 2-3 aggregata, erecta, simplicia, plerumque recta, cylindrica, 80-110 µm longa, 5.5-7.2 µm crassa, basi ad 11 µm inflata et brunnea vel atrobrunnea, apicem versus pallidiora, plerumque contin¬ua in prim is cellulam conidiogenam singulam apicalem ferens. Cellula conidiogena base cylindrica supra obconica vel cyathiformis, 12.5-16.2 µm longa, apicem versus 9-12.5 µm lat. conidium singulum gerens. Dein conidiophora prolifert ad 180 µm per proliferationes conidiogenas ad 5 percurrentes. Conidia singula, primo in apice cellulae conidiogenae et dein proliferationis cujusque successive oriunda, 3-septata, late ellipsoidea, laevia, plerumque ad medias sub angustata, brunnea vel atrobrunnea vel atra, cujus cellula basalis brevior aliquandoque pallidior, exhibens atrobrunnea vel atra taenia ad septa, 30-43 x 18-23.5 µm, basi truncata 9-12.5 µm lata.
Habitat in cortice lignoque putrido Cordyline australis, Corynocaipi laevigati et Tetrapathaeae tetrandrae. Nova Zelandia.
Holotypus in cortice putrido Tetrapathaeae tetrandrae, Nova Zelandia, "Auckland Prov., Cornwallis", 3.I.1963, J. M. Dingley, PDD 20390 (DAOM 96163).
As with conidiophores of other fungi several abnormalities have been seen. For instance, when a conidium is torn from the conidiogenous cell before the establishment of its contracted contents with a surrounding wall, or when the conidiogenous cell is otherwise damaged, then a proliferation can arise from the penultimate cell. Occasionally a conidium has partially separated from the wall of the conidiogenous cell but remains attached to the newly-walled contents of the conidiogenous cell by the basal fimbriate collar; the newly organised, walled cell within the old wall of the conidiogenous cell then extends beyond the open end to produce a proliferation which terminates in a new conidiogenous cell. Conidiophores broken below the level of the conidiogenous cell also produce a new percurrent growth by the extension of the cell below the break: this is of course a regenerative process which is common in reproductive and other structures. This method of new wall formation laterally and terminally around the contracted contents of the conidiogenous cells is also found in Endophragmia australiensis and E. triseptata for which new combinations into Melanocephala are provided.