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Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum Samuels & L.M. Kohn 1987 [1986]

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Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum Samuels & L.M. Kohn, Sydowia 39 206 (1987 [1986])
Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum Samuels & L.M. Kohn 1987 [1986]

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Endemic
Present
New Zealand
Political Region

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Samuels & L.M. Kohn
Samuels & L.M. Kohn
1987
1986
206
ICN
Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum Samuels & L.M. Kohn 1987 [1986]
NZ holotype
species
Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum
NEW ZEALAND: Gisborne, Urewera National Park, Lake Waikaremoana, Waikare-iti track, on soil among mosses, SAMUELS & al., 24 May 1981 (PDD 46964, holotype).

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pycnidiophorum

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Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum Samuels & L.M. Kohn 1987 [1986]

Additional material examined. - NEW ZEALAND: Northland: Hokianga Country, Waipoua State Forest, vic. Swing Bridge across Waipoua River, vic. forest H.Q., on soil, SAMUELS & PETERSEN, 25 Jun 1981 (PDD 46968). Gisborne: Urewera National Park, vic. Lake Waikaremoana, on debris, track from Aniwaniwa to Lake Waikareiti, SAMUELS & SAMUELS. 23 May 1982 (PDD 46962); Lake Waikaremoana, Black Beech track, on decaying caudex of Dicksonia squarrosa (FORST. f.) Sw., SAMUELS, 24 May 1982 (PDD 46969); Lake Waikaremoana, vic. Motor Camp, Ngamoko Track, between lake and large Rata tree, SAMUELS, 21 May 1981 (PDD 46966); Lake Waikaremoana, vic. Park H.Q., HORAK 806, 27 May 1981 (PDD 46967, ZT); same data as holotype, SAMUELS & KOHN, 11 May 1985 (PDD 47394). Fiordland: Lake Hauroko, lake shore, on ground under Nothofagus solandri (Hook. f.) OERST., JOHNSTON & al., 8 May 1984 (PDD 46963); vic. southern end of Lake Te Anau, Mt. Luxmore track, on decaying caudex of Cyathea smithii Hook. f., SAMUELS & KOHN, 24 April 1985 (PDD 46965).
Apothecia up to 10 cm long, arising from decaying herbaceous debris and soil, gregarious, consisting of a long, slender, scaly stipe 1-1.5 mm diam x up to 15 cm long and a conical, 2-2.5 mm long cap. Cap separated from stipe by a distinct groove; consisting of a hymenium surmounted by a globose, multiloculate pycnidium delimited from hymenium by a groove; hymenium covered by a cellular epithecium that eventually flakes off; stipe growing through substrate as a rhizomorph. Stipe unbranched or branched one to several times near the apex to produce a panicle of stipitate caps; coarse, dark brown to black, unbranched hyphae arising from base of stipe, growing through substrate. Entire cap at first covered by an epithecial tissue ca. 100 µm thick and consisting of an outer region 30-50 µm wide composed of brick-like cells 10-20 µm long x ca. 10 µm wide oriented with long axis perpendicular to asci, walls ca. 1.5 µm thick, brown; cells of inner 20-30 µm circular to square in outline, 10-15 µm across with walls ca. 1 µm thick, lightly pigmented; cells of inner layer breaking down; epithecial tissue eventually flaking away to reveal the hymenium; cells of epithecium continuous over pycnidium and with cortex of stipe. Asci (130-)150-196(-220) x 9-12(-14) µm, narrowly clavate, tapering to truncate base, pore J + Melzer's, cylindrical, ca. 2 pun long x 3 µm wide; ascospores generally forming in the upper (25-)90-140(-150) µm of the ascus. - Ascospores (21-)23-28(-40) x (3-)4.2-5.4(-6) µm, partially biseriate; fusoid to subfusoid, containing 2-3 irregularly shaped guttules, smooth, hyaline. Paraphyses equal to or slightly longer than asci consisting of branching, septate, 2-3 µm wide stalk and subglobose to clavate tip; tip 10-20 µm long x 8-10 µm wide; tips of paraphyses encrusted in amorphous, brown material; encrusting material turning red in 3% KOH. Subhymenium 60-70 µm thick, consisting of compact, interwoven hyphal cells with brown walls; irregularly shaped accretions of brown pigment scattered throughout the subhymenium. Medullary excipulum well developed, consisting of brick-like cells 20-40 µm long x 7-10 µm wide, long axis oriented vertically, walls ca. 1 µm thick, lightly pigmented. Ecta1 excipulum not well developed, 30-100 µm wide, consisting of square to rectangular cells 15-25 µm long x 7-15 µm wide, walls dark brown, ca. 1.5 µm thick, long axis of cells parallel to long axis of asci, continuous above with epithecial tissue and below with cortex of stipe. Tip of cap separated from body of cap by a constriction, cells of tip textura angularis, 5-10 µm in greatest dimension; labyrinthiform, conidiogenous locules forming within tissue of the tip, lined with conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells arising directly from surrounding cells, ampulliform, tapering from base to tip, 10-15 um long x 3-4 µm wide at base x 1-1.5 µm wide at tip, phialidic, monoblastic, tip thickened, collarette not flared, light brown. - Conidia 2-3 x 2-2.5 µm, globose to subglobose, lacking a basal abscission scar, unicellular, hyaline. Stipe composed of cortex and medulla; cortex 50-70 µm wide, composed of 4-5 layers of square to rectangular cells 10-20 µm long x 7-10 µm wide, walls ca. 1.5 µm thick, dark brown, with long axis parallel to long axis of stipe, aggregates of cells coming off as scales. Medulla composed of an inner and an outer region; outer medulla adjacent to cortex, ca. 150 µm wide, cells rectangular, 30-45 µm long x 8-11 µm wide, walls very pale brown, with long axis parallel to long axis of stipe; merging at exterior with cortex and at interior with inner medulla. Inner medulla ca. 300 µm wide, composed of hyphal elements with cells 40-100 µm long x 4.5-6.0 µm wide, walls ca. 1.5 µm thick, pale brown, with long axis parallel to long axis of stipe.
Characteribus generis. Capitulis fertilibus solitaribus vel fasciculatis, et breve stipitatis, conicis, 2-2.5 µm longis, pycnidio et hymenio compositis, hymenium inter pycnidium et rhizomorphum locatum. Rhizomorphum usque ad 15 µm longum x 1-1.5 µm diam. Epithecium ca. 100 µm latum. Hymenium viride. Asci (130-)150-196(-220) x 9-12(-14) µm. Ascosporae (21-)23-28(-40) x (3-)4.2-5.4(-6) µm, fusoides vel subfusoides, unicellulares, hyalinae.

Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum is certainly among the most bizarre of the discomycetes. Its fructification appears to be a rhizomorph the tip of which expands to form, simultaneously, the anamorph and the teleomorph. The hymenium is surmounted by the pycnidium and is covered with a layer of pseudoparenchymatous cells that is continuous below over the rhizomorph. The hymenium is exposed when this layer of cells flakes off.

Although the fructification of C. pycnidiophorum is unusual, the dark pigmentation of the receptacular tissues, the green hymenium and the angular cells of the ectal excipulum, and the eustromatic pycnidium combine to indicate that the genus is a member of the Helotiales family Dermateaceae (KORF, 1973). This species bears some similarity to Atropellis Karsten (REID & FUNK, 1966). The hymenium of species of both genera are covered with a tissue that is continuous with the ectal excipulum and that flakes away at maturity. In Atropellis the tissue is hyphal whereas in Cryptohymenium it is distinctly cellular. The covering of Atropellis dehisces through a preformed opening but such an opening was not seen in the covering of C. pycnidiophorum. Tips of the paraphyses in both genera are ensheathed in amorphous material. This material is green in Cryptohymenium, it turns red in 3% KOH and a red pigment is released in that reagent. The material of Atropellis is usually blue-black and a blue-green pigment is released in 3% KOH. The pycnidium of Cryptohymenium is eustromatic (ss. Sutton, 1980) and is anatomically similar to pycnidia of Fuckelia BON., some species of which have been linked to Atropellis (KORF, 1973). We do not know whether the conidia of the Cryptohymenium anamorph are disseminative or spermatial.

Despite diligent efforts, we have not been able to establish a connection to a definite substrate. We note the near constant association of the species with living roots of the usually mycorrhizal genus Nothofagus. It is tempting to suggest a mycorrhizal role for C. pycnidiophorum.

NEW ZEALAND: Gisborne, Urewera National Park, Lake Waikaremoana, Waikareiti track, on soil among mosses, SAMUELS & al., 24 May 1981 (PDD 46964, holotype).

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Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum Samuels & L.M. Kohn 1987 [1986]
Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum Samuels & L.M. Kohn (1987) [1986]
Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum Samuels & L.M. Kohn 1987 [1986]
Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum Samuels & L.M. Kohn (1987) [1986]
Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum Samuels & L.M. Kohn 1987 [1986]
Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum Samuels & L.M. Kohn (1987) [1986]

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Cryptohymenium pycnidiophorum Samuels & L.M. Kohn 1987 [1986]
[Not available]

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typification
NEW ZEALAND: Gisborne, Urewera National Park, Lake Waikaremoana, Waikare-iti track, on soil among mosses, SAMUELS & al., 24 May 1981 (PDD 46964, holotype).

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1cb18591-36b9-11d5-9548-00d0592d548c
scientific name
Names_Fungi
23 September 1998
15 December 2003
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