Australia: New South Wales, Tuggerah, J. Cleland No. 52, 24.X.1914, Lloyd Mycological Collections, Cat. No. 37943, BPI (holotype); New South Wales, Wollemin National Park, Wheeny Creek, on dead wood of Backhousia myrtifolia, in wet Eucalyptus forest, R. Coveny No. 184, I3.vi.1983, O et MUCL 41741. New Zealand: Auckland, on logs, Edwin Cheel, iii.1908 (1909 ?), Lloyd Mycological collections, Cat. No. 37944, BPI,

Specimen of Doubtful Identity: New Zealand: Caversliam, W.A. Scarfe, Lloyd Mycological collections, Cat. No. 37945, BPI.

Basidiocarp seasonal to perennial, pileate or broadly effused-reflexed with several small pilei developing from an effused pore surface. Pileus applanate to ungulate, semicircular or pendant, or as reflexed part at the upper edge of an effused basidiocarp, up to 12 mm long, 18 mm wide, 10 mm thick at the base, slightly concentrically sulcate and radially wrinkled, glabrous, dull, dark brown (6E(7-8)) to black due to a thick crust covering the entire surface. Margin even, obtuse, creamy to pale greyish orange. Pore surface whitish to cream (4A3) to pale greyish orange (5A3), even. Pores even, round, elongated ellipsoid on sloping substrate, 3 or 4 per mm, (105)-134-225-(240) µm diam. (x = 184 µm). Dissepiments thick, entire, smooth, (40)-58-150-(172) µm thick (x = 94 µm). Tube layer vaguely stratose, with a hard corky consistency, up to 8 mm thick, elongated on sloping substrate, creamy to pale greyish orange close to the pore surface progressively turning light brown (cinnamon, sunburn, 6(C-D)5) close to the context. Context reduced to a thin layer below the crust, 1-3 mm thick, light brown to brown (cinnamon to cocoa brown 6D6, 6E6). Crust 350-400 µm thick, hard, horny, dark reddish brown to black.

Hyphal system dimitic in both the context and trama of the tubes. Generative hyphae difficult to see, hyaline, thin-walled, clamped, sparingly branched. Vegetative hyphae hyaline to yellowish brown, not dextrinoid, cyanophilous, swelling in KOH. Context composed mainly of acicular to more commonly arboriform skeletal hyphae, with a basal stalk, (57)-65-162-(200) µm long (x = 98 µm), with a basal clamp, straight, thick-walled but with a lumen, 3.5-4 µm wide, and (0)-1-4 apical or subapical branches, up to 500-600 µm long, sparingly branched, (2.0)-2.3-3.2-(3.5) µm diam. (x = 2.7 µm), ending thin-walled. Trama of the tubes with variously branched vegetative hyphae, often with an ill-defined arboriform branching pattern, from almost unbranched (acicular) to arboriform, with a basal clamp, the basal part straight to tortuous, or geniculated, with lateral aborted processes, (52)-60-124-(130) µm long (x= 87 µm), progressively widening from 3.0-4.0 µm at the basal septum to 3.0-4.7 µm (x = 3.9 µm) at the branching point, and 1-3 short to long branches, up to 500-600 µm long, becoming then skeletal-like, thick-walled, with a lumen, (3.0)-3.2-4.5-(4.7) µm wide (x = 3.9 µm) in the main part, ending thin-walled and occasionally with a few secondary septa. Crust composed of strongly agglutinated skeletal hyphae.

Basidia 21-28 x 9-10 µm, clavate to pedunculate, with a basal clamp and four sterigmata. Basidioles 16-30 x 6.5-13 µm (x = 21 x 9 µm), clavate to pedunculate, with a basal clamp. Basidiospores (7.3)-7.5-9.0-(9.5) x (6.0)-6.4-7.6-(8.0) µm, R = (1.0)-1.1-1.3-(1.4) (x = 8.2 x 7.0 µm, xR = 1.2), subglobose to ovoid, slightly ellipsoid, with a truncate apex, thick-walled, with an apical germ pore, 0 or 1 guttulae, hyaline to faintly yellowish, not to strongly dextrinoid, cyanophilous. Cystidia and chlamydospores absent.
Type of Rot: unknown (presumably a white rot).
Cultural Features: Refshauge and Proctor (1935).
Sexuality: unknown.

The combination of small, mostly ungulate pilei, almost entirely covered with a black crust, a very reduced, brown context, and relatively large (7.3-9.5 x 6.0-8.0 µm), subglobose to broadly ovoid, apically truncate, dextrinoid basidiospores clearly distinguishes the species. The hyphal system is dimitic with long, undextrinoid, primarily arboriform skeletal hyphae in the context and in the trama of the tubes, although the branching is more difficult to interpret in the latter. This branching pattern corresponds to the description given by Corner (1989) for his own collections identified as P. clelandii, with an ill-defined arboriform branching pattern, and occasionally tortuous, geniculated, profusely branched narrow vegetative hyphae. The hyphal system, hyphal make-up and basidiospore morphology support the inclusion in Perenniporia, according to the current definition of the genus (Ryvarden and Johansen 1980; Gilbertson and Ryvarden 1987; Corner 1989; Ryvarden and Gilbertson 1994; Decock and Ryvarden 1999a,1999b).

Cunningham reported 5 or 6 pores per mm with a pore diameter of 80-112 µm, which is mostly out of the range recorded here (3 or 4 per mm and 105-240 (µm diam.). His observations were based on a portion of the holotype collection in K. Coveny's collection (O, MUCL 41741) agrees micro-morphologically with the type specimen. The specimen is, however, almost completely resupinate, having grown on an oblique substrate, and has developed small, nodulose, black pilei at the upper margin. The pore surface is whitish to pale cream-coloured and the tube layers are concolorous with the pore surface, but progressively turn brown in the older parts. Basidiospores and hyphal system are identical to those found in the type specimen of P. clelandii. It might represent a different form or variety but, for the time being, and notwithstanding the differences noted, we include the specimen in P. clelandii, pending availability of more material. The taxon is poorly known and we have found few reports of it in literature. Three specimens named F. clelandii are available in the Lloyd Mycological Collections (BPI) but only the type specimen is fertile. Furthermore, the specimen Cat. No. 37945 is of doubtful identity, as already noted by Cunningham (1965) who identified it as T. scutellata (Schw.) G.Cunn. Corner (1989) reported several collections from Malaysia, for which he described basidiospores as 4.0-5.0 x 3.5-4.0 µm, far below the range recorded here (7.3-9.5 x 6.0-8.0 µm) or previously reported by Lloyd (1915: 7.0-8.5 x 6.0-7.0 u.m) and Cunningham (1965: 6.0-8.0 x 5.0-6.5 µm). Corner's specimens also differ from P. clelandii as presently circumscribed by possessing smaller pores (7-9 pores per mm, 70-90 µm wide, pers. obs., Corner 1989) and narrower vegetative hyphae. Corner (1989) distinguished two varieties within the taxon, and described P. clelandii var. subrosea Corner, which he differentiated from the typical variety on the basis of a lighter coloured flesh and dextrinoid vegetative hyphae, all other characters being identical. Corner's specimens of P. clelandii and P. clelandii var. subrosea are not conspecific with P. clelandii as presently described and represent a different taxon, which will be discussed elsewhere. Nevertheless, Comer's collections share with P. clelandii small, black pileate basidiocarps and a similar hyphal system (Corner 1989), and might be related.

Basidiocarp resupinate, effused, adnate, seasonal (perennial ?), covering large area, up to 175 x 25 mm, 1-1.5 mm thick. Margin absent or present, then irregular, effused, 1-2 mm wide, whitish to creamy, sometimes with yellowish tints, cottony. Pore surface even to slightly nodulose, creamy to pale orange, pale greyish orange (5A(3-(4)), 5B(3-4)). Pores round to elongated on sloppy substrate, 5 or 6 per mm, 100—150—(175) µm diam. (x= 126 p-m). Dissepiments entire, thick, smooth. Tubes in one or two (7) indistinctly stratified layers, 0.5 mm long, elongated, up to 2 mm long on sloping surface, concolorous with the pore surface. Subiculum whitish cream to pale greyish orange, tough, with a cottony texture, almost absent to 0.5 mm thick.

Hyphal system di-trimitic in both subiculum and trama of the tube. Generative hyphae hyaline thin-walled, clamped, 2-3 µm wide. Vegetative hyphae hyaline, nondextrinoid (yellowish in Melzer's reagent), cyanophilous. Context with laxly branched vegetative hyphae, difficult to separate, thick-walled, with an open lumen, with an ill defined branching pattern, with long, straight to sinuous, or geniculated branches, 2.0-2.5-(3) µm diam. in the basal part, with branches 2.0-2.5 µm diam. down to 1.3-1.5 µm wide at the apex. Trama of the tubes mainly composed of variably branched vegetative hyphae, with an arboriform branching pattern, from much branched, binding-like to sparingly branched, almost skeletal-like. Basal stalk (20)-25-67-(90) µm long (x - 49 µm), with a basal clamp, progressively widening from 1.5-2.5 µm (x = 2.0 µm) wide at the basal septum to 2.5-3.0 µm (x = 2.7 µm) at the branched apex, straight to geniculate, occasionally with bulbous, intercalate or terminal swellings, 6-10 µm wide, occasionally with lateral aborted processes, and with 1-3-(4) subapical or apical branches. Branches usually straight, sparingly branched (0-1-2 dichotomy), 1.5-2.0-(2.5) µm wide (x = 1.7 µm), measured up to 140 µm long, apices rounded, thin-walled. Branches tend to be longer, straighter, almost skeletal like near the centre of the trama or the subiculum, and shorter, more branched, quasi binding-like, near the hymenium or the dissepiments, where they often abort.

Basidia 22-24 x 8-9.5 µm, mostly collapsed, few mature, clavate to pedunculate, clamped at the basal septum and with four sterigmata. Basidioles 14-25 x 7.0-9.5 µm (x = 19.2 x 8.4 µm), clavate to pedunculate, clamped at the basal septum. Basidiospores (6.0)-6.2-7.3-(7.5) x (4.5)-5.2-6.0-(6.2) µm, R= 1.1-1.4 (x =6.8 x 5.6 |µm, xR= 1.2), broadly ellipsoid to subglobose to ovoid, apex rounded to distinctly truncate, thick-walled, with 0 or 1 guttules, hyaline, cyanophilous, strongly dextrinoid. Cystidia and chlamydospores none.

Type of Rot: white rot.
Cultural Features: unknown.
Sexuality: unknown.

Perenniporia cunninghamii is probably related to Perenniporia medullapanis. It differs from the latter by possessing larger basidiospores on average. However, the range reported for the latter species is variable. Ryvarden and Johansen (1980) reported 4.5-7.0 x 4.5-6.0 µm, Ryvarden and Gilbertson (1994) 5.0-6.0 x 3.5-4.5 µm, Gilbertson and Ryvarden (1987) 5.0-6.5 x 3.0-4.0 µm, and Cunningham (1965) 5.0-7.5 x 4.0-5.5 µm as basidiospore dimensions for P. medullapanis. As used by most authors, P. medullapanis probably represents a species complex. There is no other Australasian taxon to which P. cunninghamii can be compared. Perenniporia subaurantiaca has ellipsoid oblong, non-truncate basidiospores. Perenniporia podocarpi differs in basidiocarp morphology, basidia (see below) and larger basidiospores. It is a matter of opinion whether the hyphal system in the trama of the tubes is called di- or trimitic, although for pragmatic reasons, we call it di-trimitic. The trama of the tubes in P. cunninghamii is composed of variably branched vegetative hyphae, mainly with an arboriform branching pattern, although the latter pattern can be strongly reduced. The length of the branches and the degree of branching is variable, ranging from vegetative hyphae with one or two long straight, almost skeletal-like branches to vegetative hyphae with more numerous, shorter binding-like branches (Fig. lb). However, intermediates exist, forming in fine a continuum from one extreme to the other. Reduction of the branching and elongation of one (or two) ramifications can lead to skeletal-like hyphae. Branching and branch length might also vary with localisation within the trama, with an increase of branching and shortening of branches from the subiculum or the core of the trama toward the hymenium or in the dissepiments area.

: New Zealand: Auckland, Swanson, Waitakere ranges, on decorticated fallen branch of Pseudopanax arboreus, J. Dingley, IS.xi. 1945, PDD 4435 (holotype); Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, on Nestegis lanceolata, P.J. Brook, 7.x. 1956, PDD 17308; Nelson, Murchison (alt. 520 ft), on Nothofagus fusca, S.D. & P.J. Brook, 25.iv.1956, PDD 17313. Australia: Victoria, Sherbrooke Gully, Dandenong Range, on old rotten logs, J.H. Willis, No. 36,19.ix. 1934, PDD 12264; Victoria, Poley Ranges, beyond Warburton, on rotting bark, J.H. Willis, No. 136.W., 18.ii.1954, PDD 16454. Kenya: Aberdare Mountains, Kimakia For. Sta., D. Taylor No. 1613,28.xi. 1972,0. Japan: Yamanashi prefecture, Mt Fuji's FFPRI, on Fagus sp., M. Nunez MN-550,6.vi.l994,0 and MUCL. Borneo: Mt Kinabalu, Mesilau, 1700 m alt., forest, E.J.H. Corner, 21.i.l964, E (holotype of P. oviformis var. borneensis).

Additional Specimens from PDD (Not Examined): New Zealand: Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, Cascade Kauri Park, on Freycinetia banksii, P.M. Ambler, ix.1948, PDD 6470; Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, Waiatarua, on Freycinetia banksii, S. McBeth & J.M. Dingley, v. 1958, PDD 20107; Southland, Niagara, Catlins, on decorticated wood, S.D. & P.J. Brook, 15.iv.1957, PDD 20270.

Basidiocarp mostly seasonnal, sometimes biseasonnal, resupinate, then cushion-shaped, up to 60 x 35 mm large, or effused-reflexed to pileate, laterally or sometimes dorsally attached. Pileus solitary or sometimes laterally fused, applanate, conchate to ungulate, dimidiate to semi-circular or broadly attached, up to 12-15 mm long, 15-20 mm wide, up to 6-7 mm thick at the base, smooth to vaguely concentrically sulcate, glabrous, dull, white, cream-coloured to pale greyish orange (white drying straw colour, fide Cunningham 1965). Margin even, sharp, white to cream-coloured to pale greyish orange, bruising light reddish brown. Pore surface even, white (fide Corner 1989), cream-coloured (4A3) to dirty cream to pale greyish orange (5B3) to brownish orange (6C(5-6), caramel), occasionally bruising light reddish brown.

Pores round to ellipsoid or angular (on drying ?), even, 4-6 per mm, (135)-154-244-(272) x (112)-144-230-(250) µm diam. (x= 192 x 184 µm; 100-250 µm diam., fide Cunningham 1965). Dissepiments entire, smooth, (20)-25-80-(120) µm thick (x= 50 jxm thick). Context reduced to a thin layer, 1-4 mm thick, with a corky consistency, a fibrous texture, white to cream-coloured to greyish orange (5B(4-5)). Tube layer single or vaguely stratose, up to 4-5 mm thick, with a corky consistency, concolorous with the context, whitish to cream-coloured to light greyish orange (4A3). Crust absent.

Hyphal system dimitic and similar in the context and the trama of the tubes. Generative hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, clamped, 2-3.5 µm. wide. Vegetative hyphae as arboriform skeletal hyphae, hyaline, nondextrinoid, faintly amyloid in mass in some specimens, cyanophilous, with a basal stalk (36)-82-210-(260) µm long (x = 147 µm), with a basal clamp, unbranched, straight to rarely geniculated, thick-walled but with an open lumen, progressively widening from (1.8)-2.0-2.6-(3.1) µm wide at the basal septum (x = 2.3 µm), up to (3.0)-3.3-5.5-(8.5) µm wide at the apical branching point (x - 4.4 µm), the latter occasionally enlarged up to 10-12 µm. Branching subapical to apical, more rarely lateral, then in the upper third of the stalk. Branches 1-3, elongate, measuring up to 350 jxm long (100-350 µm) straight to sinuous, few branched, thick-walled but with an open lumen, gradually narrowing from (1.8)-2.1-3.6-(3.9) µm (x = 2.7 µm) at the basal branching point down to 1.6-2.3 µm at the thin-walled apex. Stalk and branches are usually longer and looser in the context than in the trama of the tubes.

Basidia 14-18 x 7-9 µm {fide Corner 1989), clavate to slightly pedunculate, with a basal clamp and four sterigmata Basidioles 12.5-23-(25) x (4.0)-5.2-10.5-(12) µm (x = 16.8 x 7.5 µm), clavate to slightly pedunculate, hyaline, thin-walled. Basidiospores (4.6)-4.8-6.0-(6.3) x (3.3)-3.7-4.9-(5.1) µm (x = 5.4 x 4.2 µm), R= 1.1-1.6 (XR= 1.3), subglobose to slightly ovoid to ellipsoid, rarely almost cylindrical, apically subtruncate to truncate, thick-walled, with an api¬cal germ pore, 0 or 1 guttulae, hyaline, not to strongly dextrinoid, cyanophilous. Cystidia and chlamydospores absent. Type of Rot: white rot. Cultural Features: unknown. Sexuality: unknown.

The species is well characterised by the combination of relatively small, white, cream-coloured to more commonly cork-coloured pileate, effused-reflexed to resupinate (cushion shaped) basidiocarps, a dimitic hyphal system with long, primarily arboriform skeletal hyphae, and ellipsoid to ovoid, thick-walled, apically truncate, dextrinoid basidiospores. The microstructure was described in detail by Corner (1989) both in the typical variety and var. borneensis and supports the placement in Perenniporia.

Ryvarden and Johansen (1980) described under Perenniporia 'Taylor' a specimen from Kenya that, in many respect, is very similar to P. oviformis, and that we consider to be conspecific. A collection from Japan (MN-550, O), is also very similar to Perenniporia 'Taylor' and to P. oviformis, although distinctly subungulate and with a completely white pileus. It might be referred to as P. oviformis var. borneensis Corner, distinguished from the typical variety by a pileate, dimidiate basidiocarp (Corner 1989). However, both the basidiocarp habit and pileus colour are variable within the species. Since all microscopic features of the latter specimens are in accordance with the type of P. oviformis, we think that for the time being, the difference in basidiocarp morphology alone does not warrant subdivision of the taxon. Its known geographic distribution is extended to Asia (Borneo, Japan) and east Africa (Kenya).

New Zealand: Stewart I., vie. Halfinoon Bay, Garden Mound Scenic Reserve, on dead fallen branch of Dacrydium cupressinum Lamb., P.K. Buchanan 85/183, R. Block, 23.iv.1985, PDD 50607 (holotype).

Additional Specimens Examined: New Zealand: Taupo, Whirinaki Forest Park, vie. Minginui, on Dacrydium cupressinum, I,A. Hood, 18.X.1983 (NZFRI 3088M); Westland, Okarito State Forest, PX. Buchanan, 25. iv. 1987 (PDD 58346); Bay of Plenty, Te Whaiti, on Prumnopitys taxifolia, G.B. Rawlings, ix.1949 (NZFRI 2045 M).

Basidiocarp perennial, resupinate, adnate, effused to cushion-like, starting as irregular patches, reaching up to 90 x 40 mm, 3-13 mm thick, with an abrupt, up to 0.5 mm wide, whitish to pale creamy, velutinous margin. Pore surface even, creamy to pale greyish orange. Pores round to angular, ellipsoid to radially elongated on oblique surface or near the margin, 1 or 2 per mm, 400-950 µm wide. Dissepiments thick, entire, 100-500 µm thick. Tube layer indistinctly stratified, with a hard corky consistency, cork-coloured, pale greyish orange to greyish orange, up to 12 mm thick, individual layer up to 4 mm thick (fide Buchanan and Hood 1992). Subiculum reduced to a thin layer, up to 1 mm thick, creamy to greyish orange.
Hyphal system di-trimitic. Generative hyphae hyaline, clamped, thin-walled, 1.5-3-(4.5) µm wide (fide Buchanan and Hood). Vegetative hyphae hyaline to faintly yellowish, variably dextrinoid (the more branched hyphae close to the hymenium are more dextrinoid than the less branched to unbranched hyphae from the deep trama), cyanophilous.
Subiculum and trama of the tubes with non-to sparingly-branched skeletal hyphae, arising from generative hyphae, with a basal clamp, the basal part sometimes geniculated, with a few short lateral processes, commonly aborted, the main part unbranched, or branching once dichotomously, thick-walled, gradually widening from 1.7-2.3 µm wide at the basal septum to (2.6)-2.9-4.0-(4.5) µm in the main part (x = 3.4 µm), with a narrow to collapsed lumen. More branched hyphae, binding-like, close to the hymenium and invading the tubes, narrow, laxly branched, cyanophilous, not to strongly dextrinoid, 1-1.5 u,m wide.

Basidia 35-50 x 12-16 µm (24-37 x 11-15 µm, fide Buchanan and Hood 1992 ), urniform, constricted, hyaline, thin- to occasionally faintly thick-walled in the basal part, with abasal clamp and four broad sterigmata. Basidioles 29-35 x 11-14 µm, clavate, thin- to occasionally slightly thick-walled. Basidiospores (15.5)-16.4-23.0-(24.0) x 7.5-9.6- (10.0) µm (15-27 x 7-11 µm, Buchanan and Hood 1992), R= 1.7-3.0 (x = 19.9x 8.5 µm, xR = 2.3), ellipsoid to cylindrical, occasionally slightly curved, apex rounded to (sub)truncate, apiculate, thick-wailed with an apical germ pore, hyaline, dextrinoid, cyanophilous. Cystidia and chlamydospores absent.

Type of Rot: white rot.
Cultural Features: unknown.
Sexuality: unknown.

Perenniporia podocarpi is remarkable because of its thick, whitish to creamy, resupinate basidiocarp, large pores (I or 2 per mm), dextrinoid vegetative hyphae, long, urniform basidia, and large (15-24 x 7-10 µm), ellipsoid to cylindrical, thick-walled, apically (sub)truncate, strongly dextrinoid basidiospores. There is no other Perenniporia species with this combination of characters, and P. podocarpi remains isolated within the genus. Perenniporia ochroleuca has large (up to 20 µm), ellipsoid, apically truncate basidiospores, which are occasionally yellowish. It differs by having a pileate basidiocarp habit, smaller pores, a differing hyphal system, and clavate to more commonly shortly pedunculate (pyriform) basidia (Ryvarden and Johansen 1980; Corner 1989). Buchanan and Hood (1992) did not discuss their generic assignment, which undoubtedly was based on adimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid vegetative hyphae and thick-walled, (sub)truncate, dextrinoid basidiospores, both features which in the current broad circumscription of the genus support this choice.

Within the existing genera of polypores (Ryvarden 1991), Phaeolrametes Lloyd ex Wright, typified by P. decipiens (Berk.) Wright (Wright 1966), has some morphological similarities with P. podocarpi. Phaeolrametes decipiens is characterised by a resupinate (then thick), effused-reflexed to pileate basidiocarp with a light to dark pinkish brown context and tube layers and large pores. The hyphal system is dimitic, with yellowish brown, sparingly branched skeletal hyphae. Basidiospores are large (up to 25 µm long), ellipsoid, apically truncate, thick-walled, with or without an apical germ pore, hyaline when young, yellowish or brownish when mature (Wright 1966; Fig. I Od). The basidia are rather long, urniform or constricted, occasionally slightly thick-walled, especially in the basal part (CD, pers. obs., Fig. 10c). Wright (1966) noted that the genus was isolated within the polypores, and Ryvarden (1991) suggested a relationship with Perenniporia, based on the peculiar truncate basidiospores.

The distinction between Phaeolrametes and Perenniporia is unclear, due to the peculiar combination of characters found in the former, which may also occur individually in species of Perenniporia. Ryvarden (1991) differentiated Phaeolrametes from Perenniporia primarily by the tinted basidiospores and chlamydospores of the former. However, basidiospores can be occasionally tinted in some Perenniporia species (e.g. P. ochroleuca described with 'golden' basidiospores (Ryvarden and Johansen 1980), or P. tephroleuca with hyaline to yellow or pale brown basidiospores (Ryvarden and Johansen 1980; Gilbertson and Ryvarden 1986, 1987; Corner 1989). The urniform basidium also seems to separate Phaeotrametes from Perenniporia. However, the shape of basidia is rarely used in polypore taxonomy. In most genera, they are little differentiated, clavate and with four sterigmata (Gilbertson and Ryvarden 1986; Ryvarden and Gilbertson 1994). In most Perenniporia, as well as in Ganoderma P.Karst, the basidium is commonly shortly pedunculate (pyriform). Basidial morphology is considered important in taxonomy of'corticiaceous' fungi, where several genera are partly based on this feature. Perenniporia podocarpi, with its thick resupinate basidiocarp, steep margin, and large pores resembles the resupinate basidiocarp of Phaeotrametes decipiens, from which it seems to differ only in colour, white to creamy and brown respectively. Microscopically, both taxa share a dimitic hyphal system, similar constricted basidia with broad sterigmata, and similar, (sub)truncate basidiospores with an apical germ pore. Although hyphal pigmentation has been widely used in the past to segregate polypore genera, its taxonomic value is questionable. Perenniporia contains species with hyaline and pigmented vegetative hyphae (e.g. P. medullapanis and P. tephropora with hyaline and brownish vegetative hyphae, respectively). Perenniporia podocarpi is considered a marginal species within Perenniporia, based on grossly different basidiocarp habit and basidial and basidiospore morphology. Whether the peculiar combination of characters found in both P. podocarpi and P. decipiens is an indication of relatedness, or of a convergent evolution remains unclear. The relationship between Phaeotrametes and Perenniporia remains also uncertain. Until more data, including molecular data, becomes available, we will refrain proposing any new combination, and maintain both taxa in their respective genera.