New Zealand: South Island, Nelson, Kaihoka Reserve, I I.V.1968, leg. Horak (PDD 27139; ZT 68/418). Same locality, IO.V. 1968, leg. Horak (ZT 68/419).

Pileus 15-30 mm diam., hemispheric when young becoming convex or umbonate-campanulate; reddish brown or chestnut-brown; velutinous to tomentose at centre, towards estriate margin breaking up into small appressed fibrillose concolorous squamules on a pale reddish brown background; margin covered by irregular persistent lumps of veil. dry. Lamellae free, ventricose, densely crowded. pallid to pale argillaceous, edge albofirmbriate. Stipe 20-50 x 2-3 mm, cylindric; fibrillose; white at apex. pale red-brown towards base, covered by rust brown or red-brown, short, irregular fibrillose girdles and squamules of veil, cortina absent; dry. fistulose, single and cespitose. Context: white in pileus, dark brown in base of stipe. Odour sourish Chemical reactions on pileus :KOH - negative Spores 8-9 x 2.5-3.5 µm, spurred, hyaline, dextrinoid, smooth, germ pore absent. Basidia 25-28 x 6-8 µm. 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 20-46 x 5-8 µm. cylindric or subclavate, hyaline, thin-walled, occasionally with several transverse septa, forming sterile seam on gill edge. Cuticle a palisade of erect subclavate or subfusoid cells (25-100 x 10-16 µm), with brownish pigment in the membrane, clamp connections present.

on soil among litter in forests (under Metrosideros, Rhopalostylis). New Zealand. Sri Lanka (type).

The New Zealand fungi agree in all essential features with L. alopochroa originally described from Sri Lanka (Ceylon; cf. Pegler 1972: 168). Macroscopically this agaric resembles L. fulvella Rea (1918) whose cuticlar structure, however, is markedly different

Pileus 10-20 mm diam., conico-convex becoming umbonate or obtusely campanulate, centre black or fuliginous, breaking up into concolorous, concentric velutinous or tomentose bands and squamules on a paler background, dry, veil remnants absent, margin estriate. Lamellae free, ventricose, crowded, whitish when young turning to pale argillaceous, edge albofirmbriate. Stipe 20-40 x 3-5 mm, cylindric or attenuated towards apex, pale brown, covered by small, irregularly shaped, black squamules and short rings from veil towards base, cortina absent, fibrillose, dry, solid, single in groups. Context dark brown beneath cuticle. Odour sourish. Chemical reactions on pileus:KOH - negative. Spores 7-8.5 x 2.5-3.5 µm, spurred, hyaline, dextrinoid, smooth, germ pore absent. Basidia 1&-22 x 6-7 µm, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 15-25 x 7-12 µm, clavate or vesiculose, thin-walled, hyaline, forming sterile seam on gill edge. Pleurocystidia absent. Cuticle a palisade of erect cylindric or subfusoid cells (80-200 µm x 6-12 µm), with brownish pigment in membrane or encrusting pigment. Clamp connections numerous.

On soil in forests (under Dacrydium, Metrosideros, Dracophyllum). New Zealand.

Pileus -20 mm, umbonato-convexus vel campanulatus, nigro-brunneus, velutinus. Lamellae liberae, albae. Stipes -40 x -5 mm. cylindricus vel subclavatus, pallide brunneus, squamis nigris e velo dense obtectus. Sporae 7-8.5 x 2.5-3.5 µm, calcaratae. Ad humum in silvis. Novazelandia

Typus PDD 27140

New Zealand: South Island. West Coast, South of Lake Hochstetter, 29.111.1968, leg. Horak (PDD 27141, holotype; ZT 68/227, isotype). This species is characterised by its dark brown pileus, slender stipe, and large-spurred spores. Macroscopically L. calcarata is reminescent of the Australian L. exocarpi Cleland (1934) or the European /. tomentella Lange (1923). However, both fungi have smaller spores. The microscopic features of this New Zealand fungus strongly resemble those of L. castanea Quel. But the colour and habit of that common European agaric do not correspond to those of L. calcarata.

Pileus10-20 mm diam., convex when young becoming broadly umbonate or campanulate, dark brown, umber brown, paler towards the estriate margin, smooth at centre, disrupted to form appressed fibrillose irregular squamules towards margin, occasionally with pale brown veil remnants. Lamellae free, ventricose, moderately crowded, whitish when young turning to yellowish or pale brown, edge concolorous, not fimbriate. Stipe 35-60 x 1.5-2 mm, cylindric or rarely attenuated towards base or indistinctly fusoid, brownish or pale orange-brown, covered with short, irregular, concolorous rings and patches from veil, often washed off in over mature specimens, cortina absent, dry, fistulose. single in groups. Context pale orange-brown in cortex of stipe. Odour pleasant, fruity. Chemical reactions on pileus: unknown. Spores 11-15 x 4-4.5 µm, spurred, hyaline, dextrinoid, smooth, germ pore absent. Basidia 22-28 x 8-10 µm, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 25-40 x 6-10 µm, fusoid to lageniform. hyaline, thin-walled, forming sterile seam on gill edge. Pleurocystidia absent. Cuticle a palisade of erect cylindric or subfusoid cells (25-140 x 5-10 µm), with brown pigment in membrane, septa with clamp connections.

on rotting log of Nothofagus sp. and on soil. New Zealand

Typus PDD 27141.

Europe: England, Alresford, Swarraton, 4.X1.1903, leg. Smith (K, topotype). Switzerland: BE, Biel, Madretschwald, 25.X. 1973, leg. Aeberhardt (ZT). New Zealand: North Island, Mt Egmont National Park, Kaitake Range, Lucys Valley, 14.VI. 1968, leg. Horak (ZT 68/541). South Island, Fjordland National Park, Mt Luxmore, 27.111.1969, leg. Horak(PDD 27138, ZT 69/168).

Pileus -15 mm, hemispheric, convex or campanulate; dark brown to black with distinct green or olive tint; velutinous to tomenlose, continuous over disc, disrupted into ± concentrically arranged coarse squamules towards the non-striate margin; dry, not hygrophanous, margin often dentate from veil remnants. Lamellae (L 14-18, -3), crowded, free, ventricose; white to cream, often with greenish tinge when young, edge entire, concolorous. Stipe -40 x -2.5 mm, cylindric, central, equal or subclavate at base; concolorous with lamellae, becoming pale orange towards base (in aged specimens); covered with green-black veil remnants forming appressed incomplete belts or coarse squamules, fibrillose cortina not observed; dry, longitudinally fibrillose, fistulose, single and in groups. Context white' (occasionally with greenish tinge) in pileus, brown to orange-brown in cortex of stipe, especially near base. Odour and taste strongly acidulous. Chemical reactions on pileus:KOH - negative. Spore print white. Spores 10-14 x 3-4.5 µm, spurred, hyaline, dextrinoid, smooth. Basidia 20-30 x 7-10 µm,'' 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 20-40 x 7-11 µm, fusoid, membrane thin-walled, hyaline, forming sterile seam' on lamellar edge. Pleuro- and caulocystidia none. Cuticle a palisade of erect, cylindric or subclavate; cells (50-180 x 6-12 µm), membrane thin-walled pigment of membrane green (brown). Clamp connections present, sometimes scattered on septa.

among litter and debris in forests. New Zealand, Europe, Argentina (Tierra del Fuego).

Lange (1935), Maire (1928:37).

Lepiotula grangei is readily recognised by the olive-green tints on pileus and stipe. It is a widespread species which occurs both in the Southern and Northern, Hemispheres. The New Zealand specimen has been compared with topotypic material from Europe and there are no noticeable differences regarding the macroscopic and microscopic characters.

New Zealand: North Island, Maungatua; 18.1V. 1953, leg. Stevenson-Cone 881 (K, holotype).

In forest litter. New Zealand.

Stevenson (1962), Horak (1971).