New Zealand. WAIKATO: vie. Tuakau, Klondyke Hill, on sheep dung, G. M. Taylor, 3 Aug 1985, PDD 49587. BAY OF PLENTY: Rotorua, on sheep dung, P. Broadhurst, May 1987, PDD 45588. NORTH CANTERBURY: Mount Thomas Forest Park, Richardson Track picnic area, on sheep dung, P. R. Johnston, 15 Mar 1991, PDD 58476

Pileus 10-25 mm diam., more or less subglobose, becoming convex to campanulate to somewhat flattened: slightly tacky: scattered veil remnants along edge of cap when young: dark orange-brown or reddish-brown, finely striate to margin, hygrophanous, drying to pale yellow. Gills broadly adnate to sub-decurrent: pale greyish yellow-brown, with white fimbriate margin. Stipe 20-40(-70) x 1.5-2 mm, light yellow-brown, slightly darker to base. Veil cortinoid, poorly developed, visible only in very young caps. Basidia 27-35 x 8-11 µm, more or less cylindrical, tapering suddenly to small base, sometimes slightly constricted near centre, 4-spored, clamped. Cheilocystidia 20-30 x 5.5-7.5 µm, ventricose-rostrate, with long, flexuous, unbranching neck, hyaline, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia rare, ventricose, 27-36 x 8.5-10 µm. Spores (13-)14-16(-18) x 8.5-10(-l 1) x 7.5-9 µm, average 15.3 x 9.4 x 8.4 µm, in face view broad-elliptic to subhexagonal to subhexagonal, in side view elliptic; wall brown, smooth, 1-1.2 µm thick, with apical pore.

New Zealand: Waikato, Bay of Plenty, North Canterbury. Reported as widespread in Central and South America, as well as occurring in the southern United States and Europe (Guzman 1983).

Dung of farm animals.

A new record for the country, the New Zealand collections closely match the description of this species given by Guzman (1983). Watling & Gregory (1987) considered the European collections cited by Guzman to be better placed in a separate species, P. merdicola Huijsman.

New Zealand. AUCKLAND: Woodhill State Forest, on ground in litter of mixed Pinus-native forest, C. C. King, Jun 1989, PDD 57236 (holotype); Waitakere Ranges, Sharps Bush, in litter under Leptospermum and Dacrydium, P. R. Johnston, 11 Jun 1982, PDD 43043; Waitakere Ranges, Atkinson Park, Titirangi Beach, on soil under Leptospermum, G. M. Taylor, 9 May 1979, PDD 49789; Waitakere Ranges, Piha Valley, Quarry Track, on litter, B. P. Segedin 2219, 4 Apr 1989, PDD 58423; Orere, on ground, ./. M. Dingley, 23 May 1973, PDD 34593; Hunua Ranges, Mangatangi Valley, on rotten wood, J. M. Dingley & S. Haydon, 19 Jun 1974, PDD 34594.

Pileus 15-55 mm diam., broad-conic, expanding to broadly umbonate to more or less flattened, with edges becoming slightly upturned and often splitting; dry; lacking veil remnants; dark brown to yellow-brown, striate to edge, hygrophanous, drying to pale yellow-brown to straw-coloured; staining greenish-blue with damage or age; flesh white. Gills adnate, greyish yellow-brown with conspicuous narrow pale margin. Stipe 35-100 x 1.5-5 mm, cylindric, finely pruinose toward top, silky-fibrillose toward base, whitish; staining greenish-blue with damage; flesh brownish. Veil cortinoid, poorly developed, disappearing as caps mature. Basidia 20-28 x 4.5-6 µm, cylindric, 4-spored, clamped. Cheilocystidia 15-32 x 4-8 µm, ventricose-rostrate, with long, tapering, flexuous and sometimes bifurcate neck up to 12µm long, hyaline, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 13-19 x 4.5-6 µm, scattered, similar in shape to cheilocystidia but with shorter neck, up to 4.5 µm long. Spores (6.5-)7-9.5 x 4-5.5 x 3.5-4.5 µm, average 8.1 x 4.9 x 4.3 µm, in face view ovate, in side view elliptic-ovate; wall brown, smooth, about 0.5 µm thick, with apical pore.

New Zealand: Auckland.

On soil and litter beneath Leptospermum and Dacrydium, and in pine plantations.

This species has been found only in the Auckland region, where it appears to be quite common on soil and litter in native forest and in pine plantations. As noted by Guzman et al. (1991), P. aucklandii is very similar to P. zapotecorum R. Heim emend. Guzman, which is common in Mexico and known from South America. The two species are barely distinguishable microscopically, although comparison with published descriptions (Guzman 1983) show that P. aucklandii may have slightly narrower pleurocystidia and slightly wider spores. Published illustrations of P. zapotecorum (Guzman 1983) appear to show that P. aucklandii is a less robust species.

New Zealand. BAY OF PLENTY: Rotorua, on sheep dung, P. Broadhurst, May 1987, FDD 45589. WANGANUI: Kai lwi, Bushy Park Reserve, on horse dung, P. R. Johnston & A. Bell. 10 May 1987, FDD 48412.

Appearance of pileus, stipe, gills, veil, basidia, and cheilocystidia matching that of P. argentina, although cheilocystidia somewhat larger, 28-45 x 6.5-9.5 urn. Spores (10-) 11-13.5(-14.5) x 7.5-9(-9.5) x 6.5-8 µm, average 12.3 x 8.5 x 7.5 µm, in face view hexagonal to subhexagonal, in side view elliptic; wall brown, smooth, 1-1.2 µm thick, with apical pore.

New Zealand: Bay of Plenty, Wanganui. Reported to be widespread in subtropical and temperate regions (Guzman 1983; Guzman et al. 1993).

Dung of farm animals.

Bell (1983) provided additional illustrations of New Zealand material.

New Zealand. BAY OF PLENTY: vie. Rotorua, Mt. Ngongotaha, on fallen wood, Y. Doi, 5 May 1987, PDD 58419. WESTLAND: Franz Josef Glacier moraine, on fallen twigs, J. L. Austwick, 27 May 1970, PDD 31361; Franz Josef Glacier, Peter's Pool Track, on litter, G. M. Taylor, 17 May 1969, PDD 49788. DUNEDIN: vie. Dunedin City, Woodside Glen picnic ground, on rotting wood, G. M. Taylor, 29 Apr 1967, PDD 49787.

Pileus 15-55 mm diam., conical to campanulate, expanding to convex with prominent, often more or less pointed umbo; dry to slightly tacky; yellow-brown to orange-brown, often paler towards the finely striate margin; staining greenish-blue with damage; flesh white. Gills adnexed, pale greyish-brown; margin concolorous. Stipe 30-60 x 2-4 mm, cylindrical, silky, innately fibrillose, white, often brownish at base, staining greenish-blue with damage, with white rhizoids at base; veil cortinoid, its remnants often visible on stipe, but never forming annulate ring. Basidia 25-31 x 7-8.5 µm, sub-clavate, tapering slightly to base, 4- spored, clamped. Cheilocystidia 18-26 x 6-9 µm, ventricose-rostrate to mucronate, with simple neck 3-5 µm long, hyaline, thin-walled, clamped. Pleurocystidia similar in shape to cheilocystidia, but narrower, 4-8 µm wide, and neck usually shorter, 2.5-4 µm. Spores (6.5-)7.5 9.5(-10.0)x 5.5-6.5 x 4.5-5.5 µm, average 8.7 x 6.0 x 5.3 µm, in face view ovate to subrhomboid, in side view elliptical: Wall brown, smooth, about 0.8-1 µm thick, with apical pore. Pileipellis a cutis of long-celled, 2-3 µm diam., gelatinised hyphae. Hypodermium filamentous, of 4-6 µm diam. cells with pale brown walls. Clamps common. Subhymenium poorly developed, sub-cellular, of 2-4 µm diam. cells with very pale brown walls. Hymenophoral trama more or less regular, of short cylindric, 3-6 µm diam. cells with hyaline walls.

Known only from New Zealand: Bay of Plenty, Westland, Otago Lakes, Dunedin.

Fallen, rotting wood.

Pileus 15-55 mm latus, e conico ad campanulato expansus et convexus, umbone acuto; siccus ad leviter viscosus; flavobrunneus ad aurantiobrunneus, ad marginem subtiliter striatum versus saepe pallidiorem; foedatus viridi-caesius, came alba. Lamellae adnexae, dilutae cinerascentes brunneae. margine concolora. Stipes 30-60 x 2-4 mm, cylindricus, sericeus, fibrillosus, albus, saepe basi brunneolae, foedatae viridicaesius, basi rhizoideis albis; velo cortinoide. Basidia 25-31 x 7-8.5 µm. subclavata, tetraspora, fibulata. Cheilocystidia 18-26 x 6-9 µm, ventricoso-rostrata ad mucronata, hyalina, tenuiter tunicata, fibulata collo simplici, 3-5 µm longo. Pleurocystidia similibus cheilocystidiis sed angustiora, 4-8 µm lata, collo breviore, 2.5-4 µm longo. Sporae (6.5-)7.5-9.5(-10) x 5.5-6.5 x 4.5-5.5 µm, [mean] 8.7x6.0x5.3 µm, aspectu faciali ovato ad subrhombico, aspectu facie ellipsoido; pariete brunneo, laevi, ca. 0.8-1 µm lato, poro apicali. Hyphae cuticulae pilei filamentosae.

Named after the geographic locality of the type specimen. Margot & Watling (1981) examined FDD 49788, and considered that it was similar to P. caerulipes (Peck) Sacc. P. caerulipes, belonging in section Semilanceatae of Guzman (1983), is distinguished by its lack of pleurocystidia, different spore shape, and longer-necked cheilocystidia. Spore shape and the blueing reaction place P. makarorae in section Mexicanae of Guzman (1983). The size of the caps, the presence of pleurocystidia, and the short-necked cheilocystidia distinguish P. makarorae from the six species accepted in this section by Guzman.

New Zealand. OTAGO LAKES: Haast Pass, vie. Makarora, Blue Pools Track, on rotten Nothofagus wood, P. R. Johnston, B. P. Segedin & R. H. Petersen, 16 May 1990, PDD 57396.

New Zealand. MID CANTERBURY: Mount Grey, Kowai Bush, on soil under Nothofagus solandri and N. fusca, E. Horak, 15 Sep 1967, FDD 27132 (Holotype).

Pileus 15-25 mm diam., hemispherical or convex, expanding to umbonate to more or less flattened; slightly tacky, glabrous; dark brown to fuscous, striate to edge, hygrophanous, drying to orange-brown. Gills broadly adnate, pale rust brown; edge concolorous. Stipe 30-40 x 2-3 mm, cylindrical, covered with whitish appressed fibrils, pale brown or concolorous with pileus. Veil cortinoid, remaining visible as fibrils on stipe in older fruit bodies, never forming an annulate ring. Basidia 21-30 x 6.5-8.5 µm, cylindrical, or sometimes slightly constricted near centre, 4-spored, clamped. Cheilocystidia 13-26 x 4.5-6 µm, more or less cylindrical, or with a poorly differentiated, broad, flexuous neck. Pleurocystidia absent. Spores (7.5-)9-10.5(-12.5) x 6-7 x 5-6 µm, average 9.5 x 6.3x5.8 µm, in face view subrhomboid, in side view elliptical; wall brown, smooth, <l µm thick, with apical pore.

Known only from type collection, New Zealand: Mid Canterbury

On soil and litter under Nothofagus

Macroscopic features of description based on Guzman & Horak (1978:51-53) and Guzman (1983: 294-295); microscopic features from examination of type specimen.