Basidiocarps annual, resupinate, effused, easily broken when dry, up to 4 mm thick, separable, lacking sterile margin; pore surface light brown becoming straw-coloured (79.1.y Br - 76.1.y Br), pores angular 3-4 per mm, dissepiments entire, tubes concolorous with the pore surface, subiculum. very thin, white. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae with clamps, thin-walled, hyaline, 2-3.5 µm diam.; skeletal hyphae hyaline, thick-walled to semisolid, sinuous to straight, 2-4 µm diam. Globules of a resinous substance are prominent amongst hyphae in microscopic preparations. Cystidia absent. Cystidioles fusoid, non-projecting, scattered among basidia, 9-14 x 3-11 µm. Basidia clavate, 4-sterigmate, with a basal clamp, 10-15 x 3.5-5 µm. Basidiospores allantoid, hyaline, smooth, IKI-, 4-5 x 1.2-1.5 µm. Causes a brown cubical wood rot.

New Zealand, known only from the type location.

SUBSTRATA: On unknown dead hardwood tree.

Basidiocarpi annui, resupinati, usque 4 mm crassi, margine sterili carentes; superficies pori primo brunneola deinde straminea; pori angulares, 3-11 per mm. Systema hyphale dimiticum; hyphae genitales fibulatae, tenuitunicatae, hyalinae, 2-3.5 µm diametro; hyphae skeletales hyalinae, crassitunicatae vet subsolidae, sinuosae vet rectae 2-4 µm diametro, globulis resinosis praeditae. Cystidia nulla. Cystidiola fusoidea, non projecta, 9-14 x 3-4 µm. Basidia clavata, 4-sterigmatophora, fibula basali praedita, 10-15 x 3.5-5 µm. Basidiosporae allantoideae, hyalinae, laeves, IKI-, 4.5 x 1.2-1.5 µm. Cariem brunneam cubiformem efficiens.

ETYMOLOGY: novaezelandiae, after the country of origin.
NOTES: A. novaezelandiae resembles A. sinuosa (Fr.) P.Karst. of the northern temperate zone, but is distinguished by the more regular and smaller, angular pores, an evenly straw-coloured pore surface, presence of a resinous substance throughout the basidiocarp, and somewhat smaller basidiospores (cf. A. sinuosa 4-6 x 1-2 µm, Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993). A. sinuosa occurs almost exclusively on dry coniferous wood and is not irnowr from the Southern Hemisphere to our knowledge. A. xantha (Fr.: Fr.) Ryvarden, another species that occurs in New Zealand and elsewhere with E resupinate habit and allantoid spores, differs from A. novaezelandiae in having smaller pores (5-7 per mm), a yellow colour when fresh, lack of resinous material, and distinctly crumbly texture when dry.

HOLOTYPUS: New Zealand, Northland, Bay of Islands, Opua Forest, L. Ryvarden 37440, on dead hardwood, 12 Apr 1995 (PDD 70907; O - isotype).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: NORTHLAND: Whangarei, Western Hills, on Leptospermum scoparium, J. M. Dingley, Jun 1948, PDD 6586; Waipoua Forest Sanctuary, Yakas Kauri Track, on Beilschmiedia taraire, P. K. Buchanan 951134 & L. Ryvarden, 11 Apr 1995, PDD 70909; ibid., P. K. Buchanan 951141 & L. Ryvarden, PDD 70910; Bay of Islands, Opua Forest, L. Ryvarden 37392, 12 Apr 1995, O, PDD 70908. AUCKLAND: Waitakere Ranges, Karekare, on Coprosma robusta, J. M. Dingley, Sep 1946, PDD 6589; Waitakere Ranges, Kitekite Tr., on wood, P. K. Buchanan 891044, PDD 58375. COROMANDEL: Little Barrier I., on Kunzea ericoides, J. M. Dingley, Nov 1947, PDD 6588. TARANAKI: Te Maire, on wood, J Bedford, 28 Aug 1985, PDD 52440.

Basidiocarps annual or sometimes reviving for second year, resupinate to effused-reflexed with lobed pilei, resupinate portion to 9 x 5 cm or sometimes extending along a branch (e.g., to 20 x 3 cm) but often much smaller, up to 6 mm thick in central part; reflexed surface cream to bright yellow (86.1.Y - 83.brill.Y), fading in part to yellow- or orange-brown on drying, scrupose to finely tomentose or glabrous, concentrically zonate; pore surface bright yellow (83.brill.Y) especially in young material, otherwise cream and may stain yellow bright yellow colour in part remaining on drying o fading to pale yellow-brown (73.p.OY), with whit to pale yellow sterile margin to 1 mm wide; pore angular, with thin dissepiments, 7-9 per mm; tube to 4 mm deep in a layer; context white though often yellow towards substrate in older specimens, to 1 mm thick. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae with clamps, hyaline, 2-3.5 µm and thin-walled in trama, 2.5-6 µm diam. with thickened wall in context, sometimes in context contorted and frequently branched; skeletal hyphae unbranched, hyaline, thin to thick-walled (to 1.5 µm) and always with distinct lumen, IKI-, with occasional adventitious simple septa, 2-4 µm diam. in trama, 2.5-6 µm diam. in context. Cystidia absent. Basidia clavate, 4-sterigmate, with a basal clamp, 9-14 x 3.5-4.5 µm. Basidiospores ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI-, 2.5-3 x 1.2-1.5(-1.8) µm. Causes a white rot, with wood sometimes staining yellow.

New Zealand and Australia.

SUBSTRATA: On dead hardwoods: Beilschmiedia, Coprosma, Kunzea, and Leptospermum.

NOTES: A. citrea is characterised by a bright yellow, smooth pileus surface, a yellow to cream pore surface with tiny pores almost invisible macroscopically, and small basidiospores. Although the species was recorded previously in New Zealand, its taxonomy has been confused. The description of the type specimen of A. citrea, and additional material from Australia (Ryvarden 1984) accord with descriptions of New Zealand and Australian material of Leptoporus coriolus (Reid 1963; Hood 1992) and of Tyromyces semisupinus sensu G.Cunn. (Cunningham 1965), and is confirmed by our observation of herbarium material under these names. Collections identified by Cunningham as T. semisupinus can be readily differentiated from Antrodiella semisupina (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Ryvarden (Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993), and from related species (Vampola & Pouzar 1996), by their citric yellow pileus surface and the dimitic hyphal system. A. semisupina sens. str. is not known from New Zealand.
The name Tyromyces citreus (Berk.) G.Cunn. was misapplied by Cunningham (1965) for New Zealand and Australian collections that differ from A. citrea in having flabelliform rather than effused-reflexed basidiocarps, and larger pores, basidia, and spores. Further evaluation of Cunningham's material labelled T. citreus is required (Ryvarden 1984; Hood 1992).
We consider that the species is correctly placed in Antrodiella Ryvarden & I.Johans. rather than in Leptoporus Quel. (Reid 1963) since the latter is characterised by a monomitic hyphal system with simple septate hyphae and a brown rot (Ryvarden 1991). A. citrea is similar to another species with yellow pores, A. citrinella Niemela & Ryvarden, but the latter has larger pores, 3-4(-5) per mm, and larger spores, 3-3.5 x 2-2.5 µm (Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993).

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: TAUPO: Kaimanawa Ranges, on Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides, G. H. Cunningham, Sep 1956, PDD 17324; Tongariro National Park, Waihohonu Track, on N. solandri var. cliffortioides, J. Bedford, 26 Mar 1984, PDD 50487. HAWKE'S BAY: vic. Tutira, Bellbird Scenic Reserve, on N. fusca, R. E. Beever 1851, 18 Oct 1999, PDD 71024. WELLINGTON: Butterfly Reserve, on N. fusca, G. B. Rawlings, May 1946, PDD 7088; Kaitoke Regional Park, vic. Terrace Track, on ?Nothofagus sp., H. Lepp, 7 May 1997, PDD 70619. MARLBOROUGH SOUNDS: Mt Stokes Track, near road, on fallen N. ?menziesii, P. R. Johnston, 11 May 1997, PDD 70618.

Basidiocarps annual, resupinate, effused, to 15 x 4 cm, soft and fragile when fresh; pore surface bright reddish purple (24.1.m.r P - 23.8.deep r P) when fresh, with margin variable, to 1 mm across and undifferentiated in colour in mature parts or in young specimens to 5 mm across and fading to white at edge, sometimes with greenish tinge; pore surface changing on drying to a range of colours even within a single basidiocarp, sometimes remaining reddish purple (24.5.gy.r P) in parts, also reddish orange (39.gy.r O - 37.m.r O), brownish pink (33.br Pink), and pale orange-yellow (73.p.OY), brownish orange (54.br O) in oldest herbarium specimens, no reaction with 3% KOH; hymenophore when dry varying from distinctly poroid to reticulately poroid with broadly rounded pore mouths, sometimes with irregularly arranged pits, in less mature parts pores distinguished only as very shallow depressions; pores round to angular, 3-5 per mm; tube layer up to 3 mm deep when fresh, shrinking and up to 1 mm deep when dry; subiculum soft, floccose, white, up to 1.5 mm thick when dry though mostly thinner. Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with simple septa, sometimes slightly constricted at septa, hyaline, with wall thin or thickened to 0.75 µm, 2.5-5 µm diam. in subhymenium, 3-6(-7.5) µm in subiculum, moderately branched, more loosely arranged in subiculum than subhymenium, mostly smooth in subiculum, sometimes covered with variable masses of yellowish semicrystalline material in subhymenium and this same material covering cystidioles. Cystidioles present particularly at pore mouths or on edges of folds where they tend to dominate the hymenium, thin-walled, cylindrical to elongate- clavate, covered in yellowish semicrystalline material, 25-65 x 5-8 µm. Basidia cylindrical to clavate, 4-sterigmate, simple-septate at base, 14-22 x 4.5-6 µm, forming a continuous layer amongst cystidioles at the pore mouth. Basidiospores ovoid to ellipsoid, adaxially flattened, smooth and thin-walled, hyaline, IKI-, 4.3-5 x 2.5-3 µm. Causing a white rot of wood.

New Zealand, widespread on both North and South Islands although apparently uncommon.

SUBSTRATA: Recorded only on Nothofagus species.

Basidiocarpi annui, resupinati, usque 15 x 4 cm, ab ineuntes molles atque fragiles; superficies pori primo vivide rubelli-purpurea, postea in statu exsiccato diverse multicolor, poroidea, reticulatim poroidea vel foveis irregulariter dispositis praedita, 3-5 per mm; stratum tuborum in sicco usque 1 mm profunditate. Systema hyphale monomiticum; hyphae genitales septis simplicibus praeditae, hyalinae, tenuitunicatae vel incrassatae usque 0.75 µm, in subhymenio 2.5-5 µm diametro, in subiculo 3-6(-7.5) µm. Cystiola ad os pori vel ad marginem plicae insidentia, tenuitunicata, cylindrica vel elongato-clavata, in materia luteola semicrystallina inclusa, 25-65 x 5-8 µm. Basidia cylindrica vel clavata, 4-sterigmatophora, basi simplici-septata, 14-22 x 4.5-6 µm. Basidiosporae ovoideae vel ellipsoideae, adaxialiter complanatae, laeves, tenuitunicatae, hyalinae IKI-, 4.3-5 x 2.5-3 µm. Cariem albam efficiens.

ETYMOLOGY: psittacinus, parrot-like, referring to the wide variation of colour from bright reddish purple when fresh to purple, brownish orange, pale orange, or pale yellow-orange when dry.
NOTES: B. psittacinus is readily recognisable in the field by its striking reddish purple colour, the colour variously fading on drying, and the variable poroid to reticulately poroid hymenophore. The species is described here in Byssomerulius Parmasto on account of the hymenophore varying from regularly to reticulately poroid, presence of a continuous hymenium and encrusted cystidioles at the pore mouth or edge of folds, simple septate generative hyphae, and ovoid to ellipsoid, hyaline spores. The species appears to be close to B. hirtellus (Burt) Parmasto (Ginns 1976, as Meruliopsis hirtellus (Burt) Ginns), differing in the colour and more regularly poroid form of the hymenophore.
Because of its conspicuous colour in the field, it is surprising that the species was not recorded earlier by Cunningham (1963, 1965). In PDD, two early collections of B. psittacinus (PDD 7088, 17324) were located under the name Merulius ravenelii Berk. (=Gloeoporus taxicola (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden), a species that differs in colour of the hymenophore and in having allantoid to cylindrical basidiospores and non-encrusted cystidioles.
The variation in colour in dried specimens may reflect maturity of the hymenophore and method of drying. Air drying without heat tends to favour retention of the purple colour, although in heat-dried collections some parts may remain purple while other parts fade to reddish orange or paler.

HOLOTYPUS: New Zealand, Fiordland, Fiordland National Park, Lake Te Anau, Eglington River mouth, on dead wood of Nothofagus ?solandri, M. Izawa, H. Tanaka, L. Ryvarden 39916 & P. K. Buchanan 97/025, 2 May 1997 (PDD 68255; O - isotype).

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: Three King Islands: Great King I., on Kunzea ericoides, P. Brook, Dec 1955, PDD 17483.

Basidiocarps annual, resupinate, adnate, comprising small (to 0.5 cm diam.) cushion-shaped basidiocarps which may coalesce, then up to 5.5 x 2 cm, up to 2 mm thick; margin varying from negligible to a slightly raised band to 2 mm across; pores cream to fawn (73.p.OY) or yellow-brown (71.m.OY - 76.1.y Br), angular, 1-2 per mm, dissepiments thick, tubes broad, to 1 mm deep; context to 0.5 mm thick, cream to pale yellow-brown. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, clamped, relatively sparse, 1.7-3.5 µm diam.; arboriform binding hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled (wall to 1.5 µm) to almost solid, IKI-, branched, sometimes dichotomously towards ends, 2.5-5(-7) µm diam.; hyphal system similar in trama and context; crystals amongst hyphae towards hymenium. Cystidia not seen. Cystidioles occasional amongst basidia, cylindrical, with papillate apex 26-35 x 6.5-10 µm. Basidia clavate, mostly with long tapering base, clamped at base, 4-sterigmate 30-53 x 5.5-13 µm. Basidiospores broadly cylindrical, straight or mostly weakly curved (sausage-shaped), with distinct apiculus, hyaline, thin-walled, IKI-, 0(-4)-septate, 0-septate 12.5-21.5(-23.5) x 5.5-7(-9) µm, 1-4-septate 15.5-21.5 x 6.5-8 µm. Causing a white wood rot.

Northern New Zealand, know from Auckland and Three Kings Islands.

SUBSTRATA: Known from dead wood of ?Knighia excelsa and Kunzea ericoides.

Basidiocarpi annui, resupinati, pulviniformes, pusilli (usque 0.5 cm diametro), quum coalescentes usque 5.5 x 2 cm; pori cremei vel hinnulei vel ochracei, 1-2 per mm; tubi usque 1 mm profunditate; contextus usque 0.5 mm crassus, cremeus vel pallide ochraceus. Systema hyphale dimiticum; hyphae genitales tenuitunicatae, fibulatae, 1.7-3.5 µm diametro; hyphae ligantes arboriformes, hyalinae, crassitunicatae (tunica usque 1.5 µm) vel subsolidae, IKI -, 2.5-5(-7) µm diametro. Cystidiola aliquando visa, cylindrica, apice papillata, 26-35 x 6.5-10 µm. Basidia clavata, basi longe decrescentia, basi fibullata, 4-sterigmatophora, 30-53 x 5.5-13 µm. Basidiosporae late cylindraceae, rectae vel leniter curvatae, hyalinae, tenuitunicatae, IKI-, 0(-4)-septatae, 0-septatae 12.5-21.5(-23.5) x 5.5-7(-9) µm, 1-4-septatae 15.5-21.5 x 6.5-8 µm. Cariem albam efficiens.

ETYMOLOGY: newhookii, named after the collector of the holotype collection, the late Professor Frank J. Newhook, professor emeritus of plant pathology at University of Auckland, and one of New Zealand's foremost plant pathologists.
NOTES: D. newhookii is distinguished from other species in the genus by the large size of the basidiospores, and the development of septa in a minority of basidiospores. Of 100 spores examined from within tubes of the holotype, seven were 1-septate and one was 3-septate. Septate spores were not significantly larger than nonseptate spores. The holotype specimen appears to have been overmature when collected as indicated by the degenerated hymenium and contaminant hyphomycete fungi. Septate spores were not seen in PDD 17483.
Both collections were identified by G. Cunningham as Poria leucoplaca (Berk.) Cooke (=Dichomitus leucoplacus (Berk.) Ryvarden), a species with smaller pores ((3-)4-5 per mm) and spores (10-14 x 4-5.5 µm) (Masuka & Ryvarden 1999) than D. newhookii. D. campestris (Que1.) Doman. & Orlicz has large pores (1-2(-3) per mm) and spores almost as large (13-19 x 4-6.5 µm) (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986; Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993), but has larger and much thicker (-15 mm) basidiocarps and a blackened margin. A Ugandan specimen (TRTC 66843) reported by Ryvarden & Johansen (1980) as Dichomitus sp. appears to have similar small fruitbodies with large (1-2 per mm) pores but dissepiments are described as thin-walled and spores are smaller, 15-17 x 5-6.5 µm. Septation of spores was not reported for these other species.
The only other polypore species known to have septate spores is Polyporus septosporus P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (Buchanan & Ryvarden 1998). Septation appears to be related to spore maturity, with some septate spores of D. newhookii in the early stages of germination and those of P. septosporus being most common amongst released spores examined from the pileus surface. The close relationship between the genera Dichomitus and Polyporus is well documented (e.g., Masuka & Ryvarden 1999).
In macroscopic appearance of pores, basidiocarp form, and colour, D. newhookii strongly resembles the New Zealand species Perenniporia podocarpi P.K.Buchanan & Hood, but the latter species has distinctly thick-walled spores and both spores and vegetative hyphae are dextrinoid (Buchanan & Hood 1992).

HOLOTYPUS: New Zealand, Auckland, Little Barrier I., Awaroa Stream, on ?Knightia excelsa, F. J Newhook, 10 Jun 1956 (PDD 17301).

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: NORTHLAND: Bay of Islands, Ngaiotonga Range, Russell Rd, 700 ft, on Metrosideros robusta, J. M. Dingley, Jun 1948, PDD 6652; vic. Brynderwyn, farmland adjacent State Highway 1, P. K. Buchanan & L. Ryvarden, 12 Apr 1995, PDD 66315; Waipoua, on wood, J. M. Dingley, 20 Jan 1955, PDD 15503. AUCKLAND: Hula, sea level, on Leptospermum scoparium, E. E. Chamberlain, 24 Jan 1956, PDD 17379; Hunua Ranges, Mangatawhiri Stream, on Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, J. M. Dingley, 13 Jul 1946, PDD 4876; Hunua Ranges, Moumoukai, Mangatawhiri Valley, on D. dacrydioides, J. M. Dingley, 13 Jul 1946, PDD 5060; Hunua Ranges, Moumoukai Valley, on Metrosideros robusta, J M. Dingley, Jun 1949, PDD 6730. COROMANDEL: Little Barrier I., Lower Thumb Track, on Kunzea ericoides, P. K Buchanan, 13 Jun 1984, PDD 50499. BAY OF PLENTY: Lake Okataina Scenic Reserve, Ngahopua, on wood, P. K. Buchanan & L. Ryvarden, 6 Apr 1995, PDD 66313. SOUTHLAND, Catlins, near Tautuku Beach, on Metrosideros umbellata, J. M. Dingley, 19 Jan 1957, PDD 17326. STEWART ISLAND: Ryan's Creek, on Metrosideros perforata, J. M. Dingley, 20 Feb 1954, PDD 13461.

Basidiocarps perennial, pileate (triquetrous to ungulate), effused-reflexed, or resupinate, woody hard, when pileate typically with narrow pileus over effused tube layer, to 16 cm across, 4 cm radius, 6.5 cm deep, typically of greater depth than radius; when resupinate to 13 x 6 cm and of irregular shape; pileus surface when old glabrous, concentrically sulcate with distinct crust, black, sometimes cracking when drying, towards margin and in younger basidiocarps yellow-brown (77.m.y Br) and velutinate due to projecting setal hyphae; pore surface deep umber brown (62.d.gy.Br); sterile margin 1-3 mm wide, yellow-brown (76.1y Br) and distinctly paler than pores, with projecting setal hyphae; pore surface in actively growing basidiocarps may also be yellow-brown (80.gy.y Br); pores circular, 6-7 per mm, with rather thin dissepiments; tubes stratified though separate strata sometimes indistinct, to 55 mm deep with individual strata to 10 mm, recent layers concolorous with pore surface, older layers paler and in parts filled with white mycelium, successive layers of tubes sometimes receding. Cortex prominent at both pileus surface and at junction with substrate, black, to 1 mm thick, shining when cut, composed of dense tissue of skeletal and setal hyphae orientated perpendicular to outer surface; context yellow-brown, mostly thin in resupinate specimens, more developed in pileate basidiocarps where up to 15 mm thick, growth mostly radial, zonate due to concentric bands of setal hyphae. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae thin-walled, hyaline, simple septate, 2-3 µm diam. in trama, in context of young basidiocarps more variable, 2.5-5.5 µm, sometimes inflated to 7.5 µm and with contorted, multi-branched elements, in older context mostly collapsed and seen only at junction with skeletal hyphae; skeletal hyphae in trama yellow to pale reddish brown and with wide lumen, running more or less parallel to tube walls, 2-3.5 µm wide, those of the context darker, 2.5-4(-5) µm diam., with wall thickened to 1 µm, and with sparse adventitious septa. Setal hyphae abundant in cortex, context, and trama, also projecting at pileus surface of young basidiocarps and at margin; dark red-brown and contrasting against paler surrounding tissues, with strongly thickened wall, sharply pointed apex and gradually tapering base; in basidiocarps peeled away from substrate, setal hyphae of context have the appearance of an adpressed strigose layer with hyphae 170-600 x 13-22 µm; in lower parts of context typically shorter, to 450 µm long; in trama as tramal setae, mostly parallel to the tube walls, but occasionally obliquely projecting into and beyond hymenium, 85-145 x 7-15 µm, at the dissepiment much smaller, acuminate to ventricose, 15-40 µm long. Hymenial setae rare in older basidiocarps where they may be confined to near dissepiments, in younger basidiocarps mostly sparsely scattered or with scattered groups of setae, dark brown, acute, ventricose to subulate and tapering, up to 35 µm long, often bent at the base with an elongated foot and apparently with transitions to the tramal setae. Cystidioles present amongst basidia though in older basidiocarps only seen towards dissepiments, lageniform, with an elongate apical region, 11-23(-37) x 3.5-4.5 µm. Basidia subglobose, sometimes oblong, 4-sterigmate, simple-septate at the base, 9-13 x 6-9 pm. Basidiosporas globose to subglobose, hyaline when young, soon becoming thick-walled, wall to 0.8 µm thick, pale brown, smooth, IKI-, 5-7.5(-8.5) x 4.5-7(-7.5) µm. Causing a white wood rot.

New Zealand, in northern and southern regions and probably widespread throughout the country.

SUBSTRATA: Most collections on dead wood of hardwoods: Kunzea, Leptospermum, and Metrosideros. Less often recorded on softwoods: Dacrycarpus.

Basidiocarpi perennes, pileati, effuso-reflexi vet resupinati, ligneo-duri, usque 16 cm in transversum, 4 cm radio, 6.5 cm profunditate; superficies pori pure umbrino-brunnea; pori circulares, 6-7 per mm; tubi usque 55 mm profunditate. Cortex niger, usque 1 mm crassus, ubi sectus nitens; contextus luteofuscus, zonatus. Systema hyphale dimiticum; hyphae genitales tenuitunicatae hyalinae, simplici-septatae, in trama 2-3 µm diametro, in contextu 2.5-5.5(-7.5) µm; hyphae skeletales in trama 2-3.5 µm latae, in contextu 2.5-4(-5) µm diametro. Hyphae setales in cortice, contextu et trama abundantes, 170-600 x 13-22 µm. Setae hymeniales rarae vel dispersae, usque 35 pm longae. Basidia subglobosa, interdum oblonga, 4-sterigmatophora, basi simplici-septata, 9-13 x 6-9 µm. Cystidiola lageniformia, in apice elongata, 11-23(-37) x 3.5-4.5 µm. Basidiosporae globosae vel subglobosae, sub juventute hyalinae, pariete usque 0.8 µm crasso, brunneolo, laevi, IKI-, 5-7.5(-8.5) x 4.5-7(-7.5) µm. Cariem albam efficiens.

ETYMOLOGY: dingleyae, named after Dr Joan M. Dingley, eminent New Zealand mycologist and plant pathologist, and collector of several specimens of this species.
NOTES: Cunningham (1965) recorded this species as Phellinus pachyphloeus (Pat.) Pat., a close relative of P. dingleyae which shares features of setal hyphae, small pores, and pale brown spores. However, P. pachyphloeus is usually distinctly pileate and applanate of large dimensions (sometimes exceeding 0.5 m across), with smaller pores 8-10 per mm, abundant hymenial setae, and smaller, thin-walled, subglobose to ellipsoid spores (4.5-6 x 4-5.5 µm, Fidalgo 1968 and Ryvarden & Johansen 1980; 3.3-4.9 x 2.7-4.1 µm, Dai 1999), and is considered to be absent from New Zealand. Fidalgo (1968) reported that most herbarium specimens of P. pachyphloeus are sterile, whereas all collections of P. dingleyae examined have abundant spores. P. dingleyae occurs on both hard- and softwood hosts, although the collections on the softwood Dacrycarpus typically have larger spores (6.5-8.5 x 5.5-7.5 µm) than collections on other hosts. P. pachyphloeus may be confined to hardwoods, since records of its occurrence on softwoods (Fidalgo 1968) are based on Australasian collections recorded by Cunningham (1965) and Simmonds (1939). Sharma (1995) noted that in India the species has never been collected on conifers.
At present, we cannot confirm distribution of P. dingleyae beyond New Zealand. Collections cited as P. pachyphloeus by Cunningham (1965) are heterogeneous. While most are P. dingleyae, other species of Phellinus are represented (e.g., PDD 12995 from Western Australia). Collections from New South Wales, Australia (Cunningham 1965), could not be located in PDD, and the Australian collections recorded by Simmonds (1939) on Araucaria and Agathis have not been examined. With the exclusion of Cunningham's Australasian records, the distribution of P. pachyphloeus appears to be tropical to subtropical (Fidalgo 1968).
P. dingleyae is distinguished from other Phellinus species with setal hyphae or tramal setae, rare hymenial setae, and coloured spores (Larsen & Cobb-Poulle 1990) by the combination of the black, glabrous, narrow pilei, small pores, and dark brown pore surface, and microscopically by the very abundant setal hyphae that project strongly in younger parts of basidiocarps, and globose, pale brown, thick-walled spores. Basidiocarps are very variable in shape, from ungulate to resupinate. The Asian species P. hoehnelii (Bres.) Ryvarden has larger pores (3-4 per mm) and mostly thin-walled spores, while P. poeltii Ryvarden from Nepal has shorter and narrower setal hyphae (e.g., 75-115 x 4-6 µm in context) and darker, slightly smaller spores (Ryvarden & Johansen 1980; Larsen & CobbPoulle 1990; Dai 1999). No species with features similar to P. dingleyae was recorded from Argentina and the surrounding region in the survey of Phellinus by Wright & Blumenfeld (1984).

HOLOTYPUS: New Zealand, Northland, Bay of Islands, Opua Forest, Oromahoe Rd, Kauri Track, on Kunzea ericoides, P.K. Buchanan 95/150 & L. Ryvarden 37433, 12 Apr 1995 (PDD 66860; 0 - isotype).

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: TAUPO Kaimanawa State Forest Park, Clements Rd, track to Te Iringa hut, on Nothofagus fusca, P. K Buchanan 95/093 & L. Ryvarden, 7 Apr 1995, PDD 66865. BULLER: Maruia Saddle Summit, Warbec Scenic Reserve, on Nothofagus sp., P. K. Buchanan 86/215, 24 Apr 1986, PDD 48106.

Basidiocarps resupinate or pendant to effused reflexed, up to 10 x 6 cm x 10 mm thick (when dried), tough and partly gelatinous when fresh, shrinking on drying to become hard, partly cartilaginous, and very dense; pileus surface nearly vertical, up to 15 mm wide, pale ochraceous, weakly concentrically zoned, glabrous, slightly undulating; pore surface smooth, when dry beige to ochraceous (73.p.OY - 76.1y Br) to very pale pink (31.p.y Pink), bounded by narrow sterile margin to 0.5 µm acros pores circular and regular when fresh, often partly shrunken and more irregular when dry and the hardly visible to the naked eye, 8-11 per mm; tat layer concolorous with pore surface, up to 8 mi thick, nonstratose; context narrow, to 1.5 mm thick white to cream, dense and cartilaginous, with scattered yellow resinous streaks in context and they also extending into tubes, bounded at pileus surface by a thin, pale yellowish resinous zone. Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae simple septate, hyaline, mostly branched adjacent to septun usually distinctly thick-walled (walls to 1.5 µm IKI-, metachromatic in cresyl blue, 3-7.5 µm diam running parallel to the tubes and agglutinated, in preparations of context hyphae often seen broken at septa as if disarticulating following septation; pileus surface formed by a palisade of thick-walled, bluntly rounded ends of generative hyphae. Cystidia cylindrical, apically tapering to a slightly rounded point, in tubes agglutinated and typically parallel to tube walls, sometimes just protruding into hymenium, with pointed apical crown of crystal extending up to 15 µm from apex, in context of similar appearance but lacking crystalline crown, up to 400 µm long x 7.5-11 µm wide in context, short( and 4.5-7 µm wide in tubes, thick-walled to 4.5 µm lumen mostly narrow. Cystidioles scattered among; basidia, cylindrical to somewhat mammiform hyaline, thin-walled, 11-16 x 3-7 µm. Basidia short clavate to subglobose, simple septate at base, 2 sterigmate, 9.5-14 x 7.5-9.5 µm. Basidiospore globose, hyaline, IKI-, cyanophilous, with slightly thickened wall (to 0.5 µm) and single oil droplet 4.2-5.7 µm diam. Forming a distinctive pocket rot in wood with elongate hollow cavities to 2 cm long.

New Zealand, from both North and South Islands, but recorded from only three collections.

SUBSTRATA: Nothofagus spp., where host is identified.

Basidiocarpi resupinati vel pendentes vel effuso-reflexi, usque 10 x 6 cm x 10 mm crassi; superficies pilei subverticalis, usque 15 mm lata, pallide ochracea, leniter concentrice zonata, glabra; superficies pori in statu sicco pallide griseo-luteola vel ochracea vel perpallide roseola; pori circulares, 8-11 per mm; tubi usque 8 mm longi; contextus usque 1.5 mm crassus, albus vel cremeus, densus atque cartilagineus. Systema hyphale monomiticum; hyphae genitales simplici-septatae, hyalinae, IKI-, 3-7.5 µm diametro. Cystidia cylindracea, apice decrescentia, saepe corona apicali acuta e crystallis composita praedita, in contextu usque 400 µm longa x 7.5-11 µm lata. Cystidiola cylindracea vel submammiformia, hyalina, tenuitunicata, 11-16 x 3-7 µm. Basidia brevi-clavata vel subglobosa, basi simplici-septata, 4-sterigmatophora, 9.5-14 x 7.59.5 µm. Basidiosporae globosae, hyalinae, IKI-, 4.2-5.7 µm diametro. Cariem cavernosam efficiens.

ETYMOLOGY: longicystidius, referring to the elongate cystidia in both context and trama.
NOTES: The species is similar morphologically to the resupinate species R. undatus (Pers.: Fr.) Don sharing elongate cystidia and similar sized globose spores (Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1994). R. longcystidius differs in being distinctly pileate in some specimens, and in having apically pointed cystidia that occur both in tube walls and context (those of R. undatus are typically not present in the context), shorter subglobose basidia, and spores with a thickened wall. Cunningham (1947, 1965) recorded R. undatus (as Poria undata (Pers.: Fr.) Quel.) from New Zealand but used this name incorrectly for specimens with clamped septa, as confirmed for PDD 3880, 5993, 52121. Cultures of P. undata sensu G. Cunn. also have clamped septa, in all hyphae but those of the advancing zone (Nobles 1958).

HOLOTYPUS: New Zealand, Buller, Paparoa National Park, Bullock Creek, on dead hardwood, L. Ryvarden 38613 & P. K. Buchanan 96/114, 25 Mar 1996 (PDD 70600; O - isotype).

Basidiocarps annual, sometimes reviving a second season, resupinate, easily separable from the substrate, consistency corky to soft, fibrous-tough when dry; margin undifferentiated; pore surface white, becoming cream to pale fulvous (73.p.OY), pores round to slightly angular 6-7 per mm, dissepiments thin, tubes up to 3 mm long, subiculum white, fibrous, up to 1 mm thick. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae clamped, hyaline and thin-walled, 1.5-3 µm diam.; skeletal hyphae dominating in the basidiocarp, thick-walled to solid, hyaline, arising from a clamp and with distance from the clamp diameter gradually increasing to full width of 4-7 µm diam., appearing somewhat swollen in KOH, strongly dextrinoid in Melzer's reagent. Cystidia absent. Cystidioles cylindrical to somewhat lecythiform, thin-walled, scattered amongst basidia, 11-15 x 3-5 µm. Basidia clavate, 4-sterigmate, with narrow, elongate sterigmata to 5 gin long, clamped at base, 11-16 x 5-8 µm. Basidiospores subglobose, hyaline, slightly asperulate, thin-walled, distinctly amyloid, 3.5-4.5(-5) x 3-4 µm. Type of wood rot unknown.

New Zealand, known only from the type locality.

Dead hardwood.

Basidiocarpi annui, resupinati, suberei vel molles; superficies pori alba; pori 6-7 per mm; tubi usque 3 mm longi. Systema hyphale dimiticum; hyphae genitales fibulatae, hyalinae, tenuitunicatae, 1.5-3 pm diameteo; hyphae skeletales crassitunicatae vel solidae, hyalinae, 4-7 M diameteo, in solutione Melzeri valde dextrinoideae. Cystidia nulla. Cystidiola cylindracea vel sublecythiformia, tenuitunicata, 11-15 x 3-5 µm. Basidia clavata, 4-sterigmatophora, basi fibulata, 11-16x 5-8 µm. Basidiosporae subglobosae, hyalinae, subasperulatae, tenuitunicatae, distincte amyloideae, 3.5-4.5(-5) x 3-4 µm.

ETYMOLOGY: micropora, referring to the small pores of basidiocarps.
NOTES: W. novaezelandiae Rajchenb. & A.David, the only other species of Wrightoporia known from New Zealand, has larger pores (1.5-2.5 per mm), monomitic hyphal system, and ellipsoid basidiospores, 3.5-4 x 2-2.5 µm (Rajchenberg & David 1990). In the keys of David & Rajchenberg (1987) and Stalpers (1996), W. micropora keys out close to the East African species, W. africana I.Johans. & Ryvarden; the latter differs in its narrower (1.5-4 µm diam.) skeletal hyphae and smaller spores, 3-3.5(-4) x 2.5-3 µm (Ryvarden & Johansen 1980).
W. subrutilans (Murrill) Ryvarden (=Poria illudens Overh. & J.Lowe) was reported from New Zealand by Hjortstam & Larsson (1995), based on Cunningham (1965). Cunningham, however, misapplied the name P. illudens for a fungus that does not belong in Wrightoporia, lacking the dextrinoid skeletal hyphae and amyloid spores which characterise W. subrutilans (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987). The identity of P. illudens sensu G.Cunn. has not been determined.

HOLOTYPUS: New Zealand, Westland, Lake Kaniere, on dead hardwood, L. Ryvarden 37712, 26 Mar 1996 (PDD 70601; O - isotype).