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Horak, E. 1989: New and additional data concerning Pyrrhoglossum and eccentric or laterally stipitate taxa of Gymnopilus (Agaricales). Opera Botanica. 100.

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Horak, E. 1989: New and additional data concerning Pyrrhoglossum and eccentric or laterally stipitate taxa of Gymnopilus (Agaricales). Opera Botanica. 100.
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Gymnopilus mesosporus E. Horak 1989
New Zealand: North Island: North Auckland: Omahuta, on rotten trunk of? Podocarpus sp., II May 1981. Horak. PDD 27253 (type: ZT 552. isotype). South Island: Westland: Hari-Hari on rotten log of? Melicytus sp. 13 Feb 1969, Horak (ZT 69/61).
Pileus -25 mm, convex to expanded, centre subdepressed in mature specimens, orbicular or subreniform in outline, non-striate margin inrolled; yellow-brown turning liver brown or chestnut brown with age; dry, conspicuously velvety or minutely squamulose, neither hygrophanous nor striate; veil remnants absent. Lamellae (14-24, -7), crowded; emarginate to subdecurrent with short tooth; brilliant golden yellow, changing to red-brown upon bruising or with brown spots in old basidiomes; concolorous edge even or subfimbriate. Stipe -20 x -2.5 mm. eccentric to sublateral, never central, always well developed, curved, equally cylindrical or swollen at base; concolorous with pileus or paler, below subpersistent cortina covered with yellow to whitish fibrils of veil; dry, fibrillose, at first solid becoming fistulose, rhizoids none, single or in clusters. Context yellow-brown turning reddish brown upon exposure. Odour not distinctive. Taste bitter. Spores 7-8.5 x 5-6 µm, pip-shaped, plage and supraapicular depression distinctive, covered with very coarse isolated warts embedded in pale brown conspicuous perisporium, membrane rust brown (in KOH), germ pore absent. Basidia 23-30 x 6-7 µm, 4-spored, cylindrical to suburniform. Cheilocystidia 15-30 x 3-7 µm, fusoid with ± capitate apex, hyaline or filled with conspicuous yellow-brown sap. Pleurocystidia absent. -Pileipellis a trichoderm composed of cylindrical hyphae (4-10 µm diam.), membranes strongly encrusted with brown to red-brown pigment readily dissolving in KOH, terminal cells apically rounded, not differentiated, membranes not gelatinised. Clamp connections on all septa.
New Zealand.
On rotten log of coniferous (Podocarpaceae) or broadleaved trees (Violaceae).
Gymnopilo macrospora (Singer 1973, 1966) persimilis est. sed sporis (7-8.5 x 5-6µm) et hyphis cutem pilei formantibus distincte minoribus.

According to my original field notes the first collection of this rather striking New Zealand agaric has been tentatively identified as "? Pyrrhoglossum sp." Subsequent microscopical analysis, however, left no doubt about its actual systematical position in Gymnopilus. Undoubtedly the most conspicuous microscopical character of G. mesosporus are its comparatively large and coarsely warted spores with an unusually well developed plage delimited by a thick perisporium. Hence this taxon with close relationships both to G. panelloides and G. macrosporus is a typical representative of sect. Gymnopilus (Hester 1969).

Among the European species of Gymnopilus there is only G. fulgens (Favre & Maire 1937) that has spores and cheilocystidia similar in size and structure as reported for the three above mentioned taxa. Despite its different macromorphology (stipe constantly central) and its unique habitat on peat and rotting Sphagnum in bogs this rarely encountered species (Kuhner 1947; Favre 1948) nevertheless must be considered to have close systematical relationships with G. mesosporus and its two other satellites with eccentric stipe described from the Far East or South America.

Novazelandia. PDD 27263 (Holotypus).
Pyrrhoglossum pyrrhum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Singer 1944
Cuba: type locality unknown, Wright 38 (K: type); Mt Baracoa, base of El Yunque, Cooper's Ranch, March 1903. Underwood & Earle 1236 (NY, type of Crepidotus substipitatus Murrill). - Lesser Antilles: Dominica: St Paul, Archbold Preserve, Sylvania, 650 m, 4 Nov 1977, Pegler 3167 (K). - Guadeloupe: Basse Terre, Bois des Bains Jaunes, 1886. Duss (FH, type of Crepidotus laceratus Pat.); Pointe Noire, sur souches pourries de Coccolaba uvifera, Duss 1110 (FH). -Venezuela: Edo. Miranda, Guatopo. 800 m, 27 June 1958, Dennis 1162 (K). - USA: Florida, Sebring, Highlands Hammock State Park, 17 Aug 1942, Singer F 265 (Herb. H. Romag-nesi, Paris); same locality, 6 Sept 1942, Singer (FH, Fungi Floridani, F 613). - New Zealand: S-Island. Westcoast: along track from Taylorville to Mt Sewell. 400 m, 31 March 1968, Horak, PDD 27219, (ZT 68/237); Rotomanu, near Lady Lake, on rotten wood of? Dacrydium cupressinum, about 200 m, 25 March 1983, Horak, ZT 2098 - North Island: North Auckland, Omahuta, on rotten wood in forest dominated by Podocarpus spp.. about 300 m, II May 1981, Horak, ZT 542. - New Caledonia: N of Paita, western slopes of Mt Mou, about 700 m, 5 March 1977, Horak, ZT 77/68. - New Guinea: Papua New Guinea, Eastern Highlands Prov.: Goroka, S of Daulo Pass, on rotten wood in forest dominated by Nothofagus - Castanopsis, 1620 m, 10 Jan 1972, Horak. ZT 72/57; Kainantu. H of Ayura, in forest dominated by Caslanopsis sp., 1600 m, 27 May 1973, Horak, ZT 73/281.
(PDD 27219, ZT 68/237): Pileus 3-25 (-35) mm. hemispherical later becoming ovoid or fan-shaped, irregularely conchiform with lobed inrolled margin, centre convex or expanded, never depressed; at first conspicuously lilac in young specimens, often with pink tinge, original colour soon fading away and cuticle turning brown, argillaceous, pale yellow-brown or cream grey in over-mature specimens; dry, densely covered by silky radially appressed fibrils, margin nonstriate, veil remnants none. Lamellae very crowded, narrow (1-2.5 mm broad), adnate to adnexed; conspicuously lilac at first slowly turning to ochre-brown or rust brown, white edge fimbriate to crenulate. Stipe -6 x -2 mm, cylindrical, eccentric to lateral, strongly curved, occasionally absent and then pileus laterally or sub dorsally attached to substrate; concolorous with pileus; dry, solid, pruinose, occasionally with white rhizoids at base, single in dense groups but never fasciculate; veil remnants none. Context membranaceous in pileus and stipe, brown lilac turning pale brown. Odour not distinctive. Taste like radish. Chemical reactions: KOH - negative. Spore print rust brown. Spores (4-) 4.5-5 x (3-) 3.5-4 µm, ovoid to pip-shaped, supraapicular depression well developed, plage distinct, conspicuously verrucose, warts embedded in distinct perisporium, rust brown. Basidia 15-25 x 4-6 µm, 4-spored. Cheilo-cystidia 12-22 x 3-6 µm, lecythiform, capitate apex -4 µm diam., membrane hyaline, thin-walled, any encrusting or plasmatic pigment absent. Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia numerous, shape and size like cheilocystidia. Pileipellis a cutis composed of cylindrical hyphae (2-6 µm diam.), terminal cells not differentiated, non-gelatinised membrane strongly encrusted with yellow-brown pigment not dissolving in KOH. Clamp connections present on all septa.
Cuba (type), Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique), Trinidad, Venezuela, Brazil (Rick. 1961), USA, New Zealand, New Caledonia, New Guinea.
On bark and rotten wood of decaying logs and trunks of both deciduous (Fagaceae) and coniferous (Podocarpaceae) trees
Horak (1968), Dennis (1970), Pegler (1983, pl. 17, C-D).

According to the list of known records this rather polymorphic species has been encountered from several localities both in Central America (and adjacent countries) and in Australasia. The eastern collections compare well with the specimens from the Carribean region, which as a notable difference have more robust and larger basidiomes.

The distinctive lilac colour in P. pyrrhum (Pegler 1983, pi. 17 C-D) is only observed in young and fresh material. In old specimens often no trace of lilac tints can be seen. Identifying this taxon that remarkable change of colour must be kept in mind.

P. pyrrhum keys out near P. hepatizon. The two taxa, however, are readily distinguished by several macro characters, viz. size/colour of the basidiomes and shape/point of insertion of the stipe. The microscopical features of these two, in several regions sympatric, taxa are very much alike and therefore the identification of dry material (without detailed notes taken from fresh specimens) can be difficult.

Pyrrhoglossum viriditinctum E. Horak 1989
New Zealand: North Island, prov. Gisborne, Urewera N.P., Ngamoko Track, 21 May 1981, Horak, PDD 27220 (type; ZT 629, isotype).
Pileus -15 mm, hemispherical, conchate or fan-shaped, convex to expanded, margin not inrolled; distinctly green (patina green to olive) when young, becoming reddish brown in old specimens with margin remaining greenish; thin, dry, not hygophanous, margin non-striate. Lamellae moderately crowded (1-7), adnate, ventricose; pale green at first, turning argillaceous, finally pale rust brown, white edge subfimbriate. Stipe -4 x -1 mm, present both in young and old specimens, eccentric or lateral, cylindrical; dark green to olive; solid, dry, smooth to minutely pruinose, single, rhizoids absent, veil remnants none. Taste and odour not distinctive. Context pale green, turning pallid in mature specimens. Chemical reactions: KOH-negative. Spore print pale rust brown. - Spores 5.5-6.5 x 3.5-4 µm, pip shaped to subamygdaliform, rust brown, coarsely verrucose, warts embedded in well-developed perisporium, plage ± delimited, germ pore absent. Basidia 20-30 x 5 µm, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 30-55 x 3-6 µm, lecythiform, capitate apex up to 6 µm diam., membrane thin-walled, hyaline, occasionally with (in water) greenish or (in KOH) yellow-brown plasmatic pigment. Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia rare, size and shape like cheilocystidia. Pileipellis composed of slender, cylindrical hyphae (-2 µm diam.), terminal cells not differentiated, membranes not gelatinised, encrusted with greenish or pale brown pigment not dissolving in KOH, interwoven hyphae in subcutis up to 6 µm diam., oleiferous hyphae absent. Clamp connections numerous.
New Zealand.
On rotten wood of Dacrydium cupressinum (Podocarpaceae).
Pileus hemisphaericus vel conchiformis, patinaecoloratus dein ferrugineo brunneus. Lamellae pileo concolores dein pallide ferrugineae, albofimbriatae. Stipes -4 x -1 mm, excentricus vel lateralis, cylindricus, pileo concolor. Velum nullum. Sporae 5.5-6.5 x 3.5-4 µm, pruniformes, ferrugineae, verrucosae. Cheilocystidia -55 x -5 µm, fusoideo capitata. Fibulae praesentes. Ad lignum putridum Dacrydii cupressini. Novazelandia.
The present species is a unique representative of Pyrrhoglossum significantly characterized by the complete lack of lilac colours. Instead all parts of the fresh basidiomes are consistently green to olive with the exception of the lamellae slowly turning to rust brown in mature specimens. In size and shape P. viriditinctum is likely to be taken for overmature and discoloured specimens of P. pyrrhum, which also occurs in New Zealand. The two taxa however are readily distinguished by their distinctive microscopical features.
PDD 27220 (Holotypus).

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