Small, grey-green, hoary, stiff tufts, shortly rhizomatous; leaves < culms; new shoots intravaginal, crowded, ± swollen at base. Sheaths pale stramineous, light purple above, with scattered long hairs increasing towards collar, culm sheaths especially hairy; collar hairs 1.5-3 mm long, extending across back of lamina; ligule 0.4-0.5 mm long; lamina to 5 cm long, densely and conspicuously covered with long stiff hairs, inrolled with thickened sparsely scabrous margins, tip obtuse. Culms up to 15 cm tall, glabrous, long-hairy below inflorescence. Panicle small, compact, erect, up to 2 cm long with few large spikelets on short pedicels; rhachis and pedicels conspicuously clothed with long stiff hairs. Spikelets (4)-6-8-flowered, awns exserted from glumes. Glumes irregularly purpled, lanceolate, subobtuse, ± equal, (7.5)—9.5—13 mm long, lower 11-13-nerved, upper 9-11-nerved. Lemma (2.2)-2.8-3.0 mm long, 9-nerved, upper and lower row of hairs very dense, continuous, upper row < lemma lobes, lower row overlapping upper, glabrous elsewhere; lemma lobes (6)-8-10 mm long, tapering to strong awns not much < central awn, lobes with a short (0.3-0.4 mm) acute membranous subsidiary lobe, adaxially with tufts of hairs near base of awn sinus. Central awn (6.5)-9- 12 mm long; column c. 3 mm long, slightly < upper lemma hairs. Palea (2.2)-3-3.4 mm long, broad and rounded across top, < upper lemma hairs, hairs short, scattered between keels, margins with longer fine hairs. Callus 0.4-0.7 mm long, marginal hair tufts just reaching lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.2- 0.3 mm long. Anthers 0.3-0.4 mm long. Caryopsis c. 1.5 × 1 mm; embryo 0.7 mm long; hilum 0.4 mm long. Naturalised in New Zealand from Australia.

Narrow-leaved green tussocks, leaves much < culms; new shoots intravaginal. Sheaths pale stramineous, often purpled above, glabrous; collar hairs to 1.7 mm long, sparse or lacking; ligule 0.3- 0.5 mm long; lamina up to 30-(40) cm long, usually rolled, ± glabrous at maturity, young leaves with scattered long, fine, silky hairs, margins and tip scabrous. Culms up to 85 cm tall, glabrous. Panicle often rather dense, strict, 10-(20) cm long, branches short, with many spikelets on slender pedicels, or panicle smaller with few spikelets; rhachis and pedicels densely short-scabrous, occasionally with slightly longer hair at branch axils; spikelets 6-7- flowered, awns usually exserted from glumes. Glumes purple-margined, lanceolate, subacute, 7.6-11-(13.2)mm long, ± equal, lower 5-7-nerved, upper 5-nerved. Lemma 1.8-2.2-(2.8) mm long, 7-9- nerved, upper and lower rows of hairs dense, continuous, upper row < or occasionally almost = lemma lobes, lower row usually not reaching base of upper, sometimes not well-defined, elsewhere with numerous short scattered hairs, glabrous at times just below upper row, margins hair-fringed; lemma lobes (3.5)—4—5-(8.5) mm long, narrowed to fine awn, adaxially often with a few longer hairs at base. Central awn (6)-7-9.5-(12.5) mm long; column 2.5- 3 mm long, = upper lemma hairs, much > palea. Palea (2.5)-2.7-3.3-(4.6) mm long, much < upper lemma hairs, hairs few, short at base between keels, margins usually long-hairy. Callus 0.5-0.7 mm long, marginal hair tufts reaching to base of lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.3-0.4 mm long. Anthers 0.8-1.5 mm long. Caryopsis 1.2-1.9 × 0.6-0.8 mm; embryo 0.5-0.8 mm long; hilum 0.3-0.6 mm long. Endemic.

Loose, dull green tussocks; leaves semi-pungent usually much < mature culms, disarticulating at ligule; new shoots intra vaginal. Sheaths pale stramineous, glabrous, rarely with long scattered hairs, collar-hairs (0.5)-1-2-(3) mm long; ligule 0.2-0.3- (0.6) mm long; lamina to 30 cm long, folded or tightly rolled, sometimes almost filiform, glabrous or rarely with long scattered hairs, margins scabrous near base and again towards tip. Culms up to 50- (70) cm tall, glabrous, minutely scabrous below inflorescence. Panicle erect, to 10 cm long, usually ± compact with several spikelets; rhachis and filiform pedicels closely short-scabrous with slightly longer hairs below spikelets and sometimes at branch axils. Spikelets (3)-4-5-(6)-flowered, awns slightly exserted from glumes. Glumes purpled centrally, lanceolate, subobtuse, (6)—7—10—(11) mm long, ± equal, lower 5-7-nerved, upper 3-5-nerved. Lemma 2—3—(3.5) mm long, 7-9-nerved, upper and lower rows of hairs usually sparse or lacking between dense marginal tufts, upper row < lemma lobes, lower row overlapping upper, glabrous and shining elsewhere, rarely with one or two hairs centrally; lemma lobes 1—2.5—(3) mm long, tapering to a minute to short fine awn. Central awn 2.5-5.5-(6.5) mm long; column 1-2 mm long, occasionally not developed, ± = palea and upper lemma hairs. Palea 3- 4 mm long, ± = upper lemma hairs, glabrous between keels, margins rarely with a few long hairs. Callus c. 0.4 mm long with marginal hair tufts much overlapping lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.5-1 mm long. Anthers 0.5-1.3 mm long. Caryopsis 1.2-1.8 × 0.5-0.7 mm; embryo 0.5-0.7 mm long; hilum 0.2- 0.3 mm long. Endemic.

Strict, crowded tufts with erect leaves and culms, occasionally shortly rhizomatous; leaves semi-pungent, very much < culms, to about half length of culms, or sometimes almost = culms; new shoots intravaginal. Sheaths whitish cream, glabrous, or with few to many hairs usually near collar; collar hairs 2-3.5 mm long; ligule 0.3-0.5 mm long; lamina to 17 cm long, dull green, narrowly inrolled, or flatter, with scattered to dense, short, stiff hairs, sometimes glabrous, margins closely scabrous. Culms up to 45-(65) cm tall, glabrous, with a few short hairs just below inflorescence. Panicles erect, up to 5—(10) cm long, compact, with few, large spikelets on short pedicels; rhachis and pedicels closely short-scabrous, often with stiff longer hairs at branch axils and below spike lets; spikelets 4—9-flowered, awns much exserted from glumes. Glumes green, purpled, lanceolate, subacute, ± equal, 11-15-(19)mm long, both 5-7-nerved, occasionally with a few long hairs or densely hairy. Lemma 2.7-4 mm long, 9-nerved, with two, rarely sparse to usually continuous, often dense rows of hairs, upper row < lemma lobes, lower row usually reaching base of upper, occasionally almost overlapping, usually glabrous elsewhere, occasionally with a few short scattered hairs centrally and on margins, adaxially usually with few longer hairs close to base of awn sinus; lemma lobes (6.5)-7-10- (11) mm long, tapering to long awns. Central awn 10.5-20 mm long; column (3)-4-5 mm long, usually much > upper lemma hairs. Palea (3.2)-5-6 mm long, narrow-lanceolate, < upper lemma hairs, sometimes with a few hairs between keels, margins usually with long fine hairs. Callus (0.6)—1—1.4 mm long, very dense marginal hair tufts often reaching to base of lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.1-0.2- (0.4) mm long. Anthers 0.3-0.6 and 0.7-2 mm long. Caryopsis c. 2 × 1 mm; embryo c. 1 mm long; hilum c. 0.7 mm long. Naturalised in New Zealand from Australia.

Variable in size and habit, from short and slender to larger and stout, dull green, densely soft-hairy or glabrous, shortly rhizomatous, spreading tufts; leaves much < culms; new shoots extravaginal. Sheaths light grey-brown, densely strict-hairy or glabrous; collar hairs up to 5 mm long, often extending across back of lamina; ligule 0.1-0.7 mm long; lamina flat or sometimes folded, up to 30 cm long, to 3-5 mm wide, with abundant hairs, or glabrous, margins minutely scabrous. Culms up to 90 cm long, glabrous throughout, or finely scabrous below inflorescence. Raceme or racemose panicle contracted, up to 5.5-(9.5) cm long, spikelets few to several on very short pedicels; rhachis and pedicels shortly and densely scabrous with longer hairs below spikelets and at branch axils. Spikelets 5-10- flowered, awns exserted from glumes. Glumes occasionally purple-margined, lanceolate, subobtuse, ± equal, 8-13.5-(17.5) mm long, lower (5)-7-9-(ll)- nerved, upper 5-7-(9)-nerved, sometimes with scattered long hairs. Lemma 2.5-3.5-(4.5) mm long, 9- nerved, upper row of hairs ± = or slightly > lemma, in marginal tufts only, or with two additional central tufts, lower row with short weak central tufts, or continuous, with longer marginal tufts barely, or not, reaching upper marginal tufts, elsewhere glabrous, shining; lemma lobes 6-13 mm long, gradually narrowed to long awns. Central awn 9-14-(16) mm long; column (2)-2.5-3.5 mm long. Palea 3.3-5.5- (6) mm long, > upper lemma hairs, glabrous between keels, margins with several long hairs or glabrous. Callus 0.6-1.2 mm long with strong marginal hair tufts overlapping lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.3-0.4 mm long. Anthers 0.4-1.0 and 1.5- 2.2 mm long. Caryopsis 1.9-2.3-(3) × 0.8-1.1- (1.6) mm; embryo 0.7-1-(1.5) mm long; hilum 0.4- 0.5-(0.7) mm long. Endemic.

Small, compact, light green or blue-green tussocks; leaves pungent, acicular, ± = or usually slightly < culms, disarticulating at ligule; new shoots intravaginal. Sheaths pale stramineous; collar hairs to 1.5- (2.5) mm long; ligule (0.3)-0.5 mm long; lamina to 15 cm long, glabrous, stiff, inrolled, margins scabrous. Culms up to 25 cm tall, glabrous, scabrous below inflorescence. Racemose panicle small, compact, erect, up to 4-(6) cm long, of very few spikelets on short slender pedicels; rhachis and pedicels shortscabrous with few longer hairs below spikelets and at branch axils. Spikelets 4-5-(6)-flowered, awns equalling or slightly exserted from glumes. Glumes sometimes purpled, lanceolate, acute or subacute, 9-ll-(15)mm long, ± equal, lower (3)-5-(7)- nerved, upper 3-nerved. Lemma 2-2.5-(2.8) mm long, 9-nerved, upper row of hairs continuous but sparse, with one or two stronger marginal tufts and tufts of few hairs between, much < lemma lobes, lower row of strong marginal tufts and scattered tufts between, just reaching to upper row, glabrous elsewhere but occasional hairs centrally and on margins; lemma lobes 3-5-(6) mm long, tapering to fine awn. Central awn 7-8.5 mm long; column (1.5)—2—2.5 mm long, usually > upper lemma hairs. Palea 3.5—4 mm long, usually > upper lemma hairs, glabrous between keels, margins very rarely with 1-2 long hairs. Callus (0.3)-0.4-(0.5) mm long, with sparse marginal hair tufts reaching lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.6-0.9 mm long. Anthers 0.6-l-(1.6) mm long, red or pinkish-red. Caryopsis 1.5-1.8 × 0.6- 0.8 mm; embryo 0.6-0.8 mm long; hilum 0.4- 0.5 mm long. Endemic.

Gramen brevius, dense caespitosum, rigidiusculum, innovationes intravaginales gerens, foliorum forma, et lemmatis pilis in duobus continuis seriebus dispositis, R. setifolio simile, manifeste autem differt lobis lemmatis longioribus. Differt etiam margine folii scabrido, paniculae ramis arete scabridis, antherisque brevioribus; in his characteribus R. buchananii simile, differt autem ab eo specie lemmatibus pilosioribus, lobisque lemmatis longioribus.

Small hoary-leaved tufts; leaves much < culms; new shoots intravaginal. Sheaths light purple, of basal leaves glabrous, of culm leaves abundantly long-hairy; collar hairs to 3.5 mm long; ligule 0.7 mm long; lamina to 9 cm long, ± flat, to 2 mm wide, densely and conspicuously covered with long stiff hairs, margins thickened, scabrous. Culms up to 45 cm tall, glabrous, long-hairy below inflorescence. Panicle short, broad, up to 4.5 cm long, with few large spikelets on short pedicels; rhachis and pedicels covered with long fine hairs; spikelets 5-8-flowered, awns exserted from glumes. Glumes purpled, lanceolate, obtuse, 10-14 mm long, ± equal, lower 9-11-nerved, upper 9-nerved, occasionally with long scattered hairs. Lemma 3.0-3.7 mm long, 9-nerved, upper and lower rows of hairs very dense, continuous, upper hairs much < lemma lobes, marginal tufts of lower row overlapping upper but central tufts shorter, glabrous, shining elsewhere; lemma lobes 8-9.8 mm long, tapering to long conspicuous awns, adaxially with scattered short hairs and two thick longer tufts near awn sinus. Central awn 12.8-15 mm long; column 4 mm long, much > upper lemma hairs. Palea 3.3-4 mm long, obovate-oblong, broad and rounded across top, < upper lemma hairs, hairs few, very short at base between keels, margins with 1-2 long fine hairs. Callus 0.8-1 mm long with thick marginal hair tufts overlapping lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.1 mm long. Anthers 0.4, and 0.7-0.9 mm long. Caryopsis c. 1.5 mm long; embryo 0.6 mm long; hilum 0.5 mm long. Naturalised in New Zealand from Australia.

Small, compact, stiff tussocks; leaves semi-pungent usually < culms; new shoots intravaginal, occasionally ± swollen at base. Sheaths pale stramineous, usually with few scattered long stiff hairs; collar hairs to 2 mm long; ligule to 0.5 mm long; lamina to 12 cm long, tightly inrolled, with rather scattered long stiff hairs, margins scabrous. Culms up to 25 cm tall, glabrous, or minutely scabrous below inflorescence. Panicle short and broad, up to 2.5 cm long, with few broad spikelets on short pedicels; rhachis and pedicels with rather dense short hairs. Spikelets 3-flowered, awns included by glumes. Glumes purpled, ovate-lanceolate, broad at base, shortly narrowed towards subobtuse tip, 6.5-9 mm long, ± equal, lower 9-nerved, upper 7-9-nerved. Lemma 2-3 mm long, 7-9-nerved, upper row of hairs continuous, very dense, usually = lemma lobes, lower row usually indistinct, elsewhere with abundant short scattered hairs, adaxially with a triangular band of scattered hairs below sinus; lemma lobes 3-3.5 mm long, tapering to very short awn, occasionally lobes with a shallow subsidiary lobe. Central awn 3.5-5 mm long; column 1-1.5 mm long, < upper lemma hairs. Palea 3-3.5 mm long, much < upper lemma hairs, few short hairs scattered on lower half between keels, margins with 1-2 long hairs. Callus 0.5-0.7 mm long, marginal hair tufts long, abundant, much overlapping lower hairs. Rhachilla c. 0.2 mm long. Anthers c. 1 mm long. Caryopsis 1.5-1.7 × 0.7-0.9 mm; embryo 0.6- 0.9 mm long; hilum to 0.5 mm long. Naturalised in New Zealand from Australia.

Tufts leafy, bright green, sometimes stoloniferous with prostrate culms rooting and sending up new tufts; leaves about ½ length of culms; new shoots extravaginal. Sheaths light brown often purpled, with scattered soft fine hairs towards collar or sometimes throughout, or quite glabrous; collar hairs (2)-3-4-(6) mm long; ligule (0.2)-0.4-0.7-(1) mm long; lamina up to 25-(50) cm long, flat with ± inrolled margins, 2-(4) mm wide, or completely inrolled, glabrous or often with a few scattered long hairs near collar, sometimes almost all leaves with some long hairs throughout, margins finely scabrous. Culms up to 50-(75) cm tall, glabrous, minutely scabrous below inflorescence. Panicle erect to ± loose and drooping from above, up to 10—(14) cm long with numerous spikelets on short pedicels; rhachis and pedicels densely short-scabrous, occasionally with 1-2 longer hairs at branch axils. Spikelets 3-4-(6)- flowered, exserted from glumes. Glumes sometimes variously purpled, lanceolate, acute to acuminate, ± equal, 7—10—(12) mm long, lower 5-7-nerved, upper (3)-5-nerved. Lemma 1.6-2.8 mm long, 9-nerved, upper row of hairs continuous, ± = lemma lobes, lower row not always well-defined and not reaching upper, elsewhere covered with numerous short hairs; lemma lobes 2.5-4.5 mm long, finely short-awned at tip. Central awn 4.5-8.5-(9) mm long; column 0.5—1.2 mm long, barely = or much < palea, much < upper lemma hairs. Palea 2.5-4 mm long, much < upper lemma hairs, some hairs between keels, margins long-hairy. Callus 0.3-0.5 mm long, with marginal tufts not reaching lower lemma hairs or scarcely overlapping them. Rhachilla 0.6-1 mm long, often with minute hairs at top. Anthers 0.5- 1.3 mm long. Caryopsis 0.9-1.4 × 0.5-0.8 mm; embryo 0.4-0.6 mm long; hilum 0.2-0.3 mm long. Native to New Zealand; also in Tasmania.

Slender, wiry, green tufts, shortly rhizomatous; leaves semi-pungent, much < culms; new shoots both intra- and extra vaginal, swollen at base. Sheaths glabrous, pale, becoming grey-brown, some with scattered, long hairs above; collar hairs to 2.5 mm long; ligule 0.05-0.1 mm long; lamina up to 22 cm long, thick, flat to inrolled, usually with scattered to fairly dense, long, fine hairs, margins minutely scabrous. Culms up to 80 cm tall, glabrous, or finely scabrous below inflorescence. Racemose panicle erect, up to 7 cm long, with few large spikelets on slender pedicels; rhachis and pedicels densely clothed with short stiff hairs, with occasional longer hairs below spikelets and at branch axils. Spikelets 5-6-flowered, awns much exceeding glumes. Glumes usually purpled near margin and sometimes elsewhere, lanceolate, narrowing to long acute tip, ± equal, 13-20 mm long, lower 11-13- nerved, upper 9-nerved. Lemma 3-4 mm long, 9- nerved, upper row of hairs very dense, continuous, < lemma lobes, lower row lacking except for short marginal tufts, elsewhere shining, glabrous, margins shortly hair-fringed above; lemma lobes 8-13 mm long, soon tapering to long awns. Central awn 12- 17 mm long; column to 2-4.5 mm long, < or = upper lemma hairs. Palea 5-6.2 mm long, abruptly narrowed above, < upper lemma hairs, glabrous between keels and on margins. Callus 1.2-1.4 mm long, marginal hair tufts reaching lower marginal lemma tufts. Rhachilla 0.1-0.2 mm long. Anthers 0.5-0.7 and 1.9-3 mm long. Caryopsis 2-2.7 × 1- 1.4 mm; embryo 1-1.5 mm long; hilum c. 0.6 mm long. Naturalised in New Zealand from Australia.

Low-growing, flattish, or erect, often silky-hairy, green to yellow-green, tight tufts, shortly rhizomatous; leaves usually much < culms, stiffly long-hairy but not invariably so, disarticulating at ligule; new shoots intravaginal, crowded, ± swollen at base. Sheaths mostly hairy; collar hairs 1.5-2.5 mm long, often extending across back of lamina; ligule c. 0.4 mm long; lamina to 12 cm long, acicular, inrolled, often with long hairs, margins thickened, scabrous. Culms up to 30 cm tall, often slightly short-hairy below inflorescence. Racemose panicle or raceme small, to 3.5 cm long, erect, of few spikelets on short stiff pedicels; rhachis and pedicels closely short-scabrous with longer stiff hairs below spikelets and at branch axils. Spikelets 4-7-flowered, awns exserted from glumes. Glumes purpled centrally, often with regular horizontal bars, ovatelanceolate, obtuse or subobtuse, (6)—7—10 mm long, ± equal, lower 7-nerved, upper 5-nerved, occasionally long-hairy between nerves. Lemma 2-2.5 mm long, 9-nerved, upper and lower rows of hairs dense, continuous, upper row < lemma lobes, lower row ± overlapping upper, some few hairs elsewhere; lemma lobes 1.5-3 mm long, tapering, usually tipped with fine awn. Central awn 3-5 mm long; column 1-1.5 mm long, > upper lemma hairs. Palea 3-5 mm long, ± = upper lemma hairs, glabrous between keels, or occasionally with long hairs, margins longhairy. Callus c. 0.4 mm long, marginal hair tufts overlapping lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla c. 0.5 mm long. Anthers 0.3-0.5 mm long. Caryopsis 1.3-1.5 × 0.7-0.8 mm; embryo c. 0.7 mm long; hilum c. 0.3 mm long. Endemic.

Light green, fine-leaved dense tufts, shortly rhizomatous, later with straw-coloured, long, drooping or trailing culms; leaves much < culms; new shoots extra- or intravaginal. Sheaths pale stramineous, glabrous; collar hairs few, up to 1.5 mm long; ligule 0.1-0.2 mm long; lamina to 25-(40) cm long, ± flat, glabrous or occasionally with a few scattered short hairs, margins scabrous. Culms very slender, tawny, glabrous, minutely scabrous below inflorescence, elongating to c. 140 cm at maturity. Raceme, or rarely racemose panicle, with 1-2 short branches at base, slender, up to 8 cm long, with few, narrow, almost sessile spikelets; rhachis and pedicels finely scabrous with longer fine hairs on margin especially below spikelets. Spikelets 4-6-flowered, awns exserted from glumes. Glumes light green, occasionally purpled, lanceolate, subobtuse, (7)—9.5—13— (15) mm long, ± equal, both 5-(7)-nerved. Lemma (2.5)-3-4 mm long, 7-9-nerved, upper row of hairs in small marginal tufts only, ± = lemma, or occasionally upper tufts absent, lower row in small marginal tufts only, or with a few small tufts or single hairs between, elsewhere glabrous and shining, occasional hairs on margin; lemma lobes (3)-6-7.5- (8.5) mm long, soon tapering to fine awn. Central awn (6.5)—8—11.5—(14) mm long; column (2.5)—3— 3.5 mm long. Palea (2.5>-3.5-4.5-(5) mm long, > upper lemma hairs, glabrous between keels and on margins. Callus 0.6-1 mm long, with marginal hair tufts rarely reaching base of lower lateral tufts. Rhachilla 0.5-0.6 mm long. Anthers 0.3-0.9 and 1.2- 1.5 mm long. Caryopsis 1.7-2.5 × 0.9-1.2 mm; embryo 0.7-1 mm long; hilum 0.5-0.7 mm long. Endemic.

Gramen laxe caesprtosum, habitu R. penicillato simile, differt autem culmis ad maturitatem elongatissimis languidisque. Inflqrescentia racemus gracilis est ut in R. penicillato yel panicula racemosa, lemmatis pilis autem in duos penicillqrum marginalium pares redactis, interdum pilis perpaucis in inferiorem seriem instructis.

Open tufts, rather stiffly erect; leaves about ½ length of culms to only slightly shorter; new shoots extravaginal. Sheaths brownish or often purpled above, glabrous or long-hairy; collar hairs 1.5-2.5 mm long; ligule ± 0.2 mm long; lamina to 15-(20) cm long, usually folded, sometimes flat with inrolled margins, to 2 mm wide, glabrous or often with few scattered long hairs near collar, sometimes almost all leaves with some long hairs, margins occasionally finely scabrous. Culms up to 30-(50) cm tall, glabrous, minutely scabrous below inflorescence. Panicle usually erect, dark purple, up to 3.5—(8.5) cm long; rhachis and pedicels densely but shortly scabrous, often with very slightly longer hairs above branch axils. Spikelets 3-(4)-flowered, awns exserted from glumes. Glumes usually dark purpled centrally, lanceolate, acute to acuminate, 6.5-9 mm long, ± equal, 3-(5)-nerved. Lemma 1.5-2.5 mm long, 9-nerved, upper row of hairs continuous, > or ± = lemma lobes, lower row of marginal tufts and a few weak central tufts, or ± continuous, elsewhere predominantly glabrous, occasionally with some few isolated hairs between rows, margins hair-fringed; lemma lobes 2.7-3.5 mm long, tapering, awnless or very finely awn-tipped. Central awn 6-8.5 mm long; column 1-1.5 mm long, > or ± = palea, < upper lemma hairs. Palea 2.5-3 mm long, much < upper lemma hairs, glabrous or occasionally with 1-2 long hairs between keels and on margins. Callus 0.2-0.3- (0.5) mm long, with a few short scattered marginal hairs not, or barely, reaching lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.8-1.2 mm long. Anthers 0.5-0.8- (1.1) mm long. Caryopsis 1.1-1.3 × 0.6 mm;embryo 0.5-0.7 mm long; hilum 0.2-0.3 mm long. Endemic.

Open small tufts, leafy at ends of elongating shoots, rooting at nodes; leaves somewhat acute, ± = culms, disarticulating at ligule; new shoots intravaginal. Sheaths pale stramineous to light grey, glabrous; collar hairs few, up to 1-2 mm long; ligule to 0.4 mm long; lamina to 8 cm long, folded, narrow, rather soft, glabrous. Culms up to 10 cm tall, glabrous. Panicle small, erect, up to 3 cm long; with few spikelets on short pedicels; rhachis and pedicels slender, closely short-scabrous with some longer hairs at branch axils. Spikelets usually 3-flowered, awns barely exserted from glumes. Glumes purpled centrally, ovate, obtuse, ± equal, 3.5—5—(5.7) mm long, lower 3-(5)-nerved, upper 3-nerved. Lemma 2.3-3.5 mm long, 5-(9)-nerved, upper and lower rows of hairs very sparse, upper row usually of small marginal tufts with a few scattered hairs between, < lemma lobes, lower row of small marginal tufts and few scattered hairs, elsewhere glabrous, margins with scattered hairs; lemma lobes 0.2-0.5 mm long, acute to acuminate, not awn-tipped. Central awn 1-2 mm long, erect; column scarcely developed. Palea 2.4-2.8 mm long, reaching base of awn-sinus, = upper lemma hairs, glabrous between keels, margins occasionally with a few long hairs. Callus c. 0.3 mm long, with a few marginal hairs not reaching lower lemma hairs, or marginal tufts denser, slightly overlapping lower lemma tufts. Rhachilla 0.5- 0.8 mm long. Anthers 0.7-0.8 mm long. Caryopsis not seen. Endemic.

Tall, slender, light green, in dense, crowded or loose tufts, shortly rhizomatous; leaves from much <, to above ½ length of culms; new shoots extravaginal. Sheaths pale stramineous to grey-brown with rather dense or scattered short hairs; collar hairs to 2.5- (3) mm long; ligule c. 0.1 mm long; lamina up to 25-(35) cm long, flat, to 2 mm wide, or folded and inrolled, with scattered long hairs, margins scabrous. Culms up to 1 m tall, densely, minutely hairy for usually c. 10 mm below inflorescence. Panicle slender, elongate, up to 12 cm long; spikelets few to several on short pedicels; rhachis and pedicels densely short-scabrous with some longer hairs, especially below spikelets and above branch axils. Spikelets (3)-4-6-flowered, awns exserted from glumes. Glumes usually purpled centrally or near margin, lanceolate, subobtuse, 9-12—(13.5) mm long, ± equal, lower 7-(9)-nerved, upper 5-(7)- nerved. Lemma 2.2-3.5 mm long, 9-nerved, upper row of hairs ± = or slightly > lemma, in marginal and occasional adjacent tufts with usually two, occasionally 0 central tufts, lower row of marginal tufts not reaching to upper tufts, and shorter ± continuous to extremely sparse hairs between tufts, elsewhere glabrous or with 1-2 hairs centrally; lemma lobes 6-8.5 mm long, narrowed to fine awns. Central awn (9)—10—12 mm long; column (2)-2.5- 3.5-(4) mm long. Palea 3.5-4.5-(5) mm long, > upper lemma hairs, glabrous between keels and on margins. Callus 0.5-0.8-(l) mm long, with thick marginal hair tufts usually overlapping lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.5-0.6 mm long. Anthers 0.5-0.7 and 1.2-1.8 mm long. Caryopsis c. 2 × 0.8-1.1 mm; embryo 0.7-0.9 mm long; hilum 0.3-0.5 mm long. Naturalised in New Zealand from Australia.

Stiff, wiry, small tussocks, tufts formed at ends of elongating shoots, rooting at nodes; leaves < or ± = culms, semi-pungent, disarticulating at ligule; new shoots intravaginal. Sheaths glabrous, light grey to dark brown; collar hairs 1-1.5 mm long; ligule c. 0.5 mm long; lamina to 15 cm long, glabrous, stiff, inrolled, margins glabrous. Culms up to 40 cm tall, glabrous. Raceme or racemose panicle small, erect, to 4 cm long, of very few large spikelets on short pedicels; rhachis and pedicels almost glabrous with only a few scattered teeth and usually small tufts of long hairs at branch axils. Spikelets 4-6-flowered, awns and sometimes lemma lobes exserted from glumes. Glumes green, lanceolate, acute, 8.5-15 mm long, ± equal, lower 5-(7)-nerved, upper 3-nerved. Lemma 2.5-3.5 mm long, 9-nerved, upper row of hairs interrupted, with dense marginal tufts and a few additional hairs adjacent, hairs much < lemma lobes, lower row almost continuous, with dense strong marginal tufts and less dense tufts between, overlapping upper, glabrous elsewhere; lemma lobes 4.5-8 mm long, narrowing to strong awn and often shortly lobed at awn base. Central awn 7.5-14 mm long; column 2.5^4 mm long, > upper lemma hairs. Palea 3.6-6 mm long, = or slightly > upper lemma hairs, glabrous between keels, margins with 1-2 long hairs. Callus 0.7-1 mm long, with strong marginal hair tufts overlapping lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.5-0.6 mm long. Anthers 0.7-1.1 and 1.5 mm long, yellow. Caryopsis c. 2.5 × 1.0 mm; embryo c. 1.0 mm long; hilum 0.5 mm long. Endemic.

Gramen caespitosum, habitu, innovationibus intravaginalibus, foliis glabris, et paniculae ramis paene glabris, R. setifolio simile, differt autem lobis lemmatis longioribus validioribusque, et pilis sparsioribus superioris lemmatis seriei.

Rather coarse, stiff, dense tufts, shortly rhizomatous; leaves much < culms; new shoots intravaginal. Sheaths pale, to light grey, glabrous or with scattered to dense hairs; collar hairs to 2.5—(3.5) mm long, stiff, in thick tufts on either side of lamina; ligule 0.1-0.2 mm long; lamina to 17 cm long, rather harsh, grey-green, flat to inrolled, with long stiff scattered hairs, margins closely scabrous. Culms stout, up to 85 cm tall, minutely hairy below inflorescence. Panicle ± compact and broad to somewhat laxer, up to 6 cm long, with few large spikelets on short pedicels; rhachis and pedicels rather sparsely, stiffly scabrous, with longer hair below spikelets and near branch axils. Spikelets 5-8-flowered, awns much exserted from glumes. Glumes pale, sometimes faintly purpled, lanceolate, subacute, ± equal, 8.5-12 mm long, both 5-7-nerved, occasionally with a few scattered hairs. Lemma (2)-3-4 mm long, 9- nerved, upper row of hairs ± = lemma, in a few isolated tufts, usually (0)-2-4 central tufts and l-(2) denser marginal tufts, lower row dense and continuous, lower marginal tufts reaching or overlapping upper marginal tufts, elsewhere glabrous; lemma lobes 7-10 mm long, tapering to fine awns. Central awn 12.5-15 mm long; column 3-5 mm long. Palea 2.5-3.7 mm long, = upper marginal tufts, = or slightly > awn sinus, glabrous between keels, margins glabrous or with a few long fine hairs. Callus 0.8-1 mm long, thick marginal hair tufts overlapping lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.2-0.3 mm long. Anthers c. 0.4 and 0.8-1.7 mm long. Caryopsis 1.2-2 × 0.7-1 mm; embryo 0.5-0.9 mm long; hilum 0.4- 0.5 mm long. Naturalised in New Zealand from Australia.

Small dense tufts, or often open, with tufts of leaves at ends of elongating shoots, rooting at nodes; leaves somewhat acute, much < culms, disarticulating at ligule; new shoots intravaginal. Sheaths pale stramineous to light brown, occasionally purpled, glabrous; collar hairs few, sometimes absent, up to c. 1.5 mm long; ligule to c. 0.5 mm long; lamina to 10 cm long, folded, narrow, rather soft, glabrous, rarely with a few hairs. Culms up to 30 cm tall, glabrous. Panicle small, up to 5 cm long, with few spikelets on very slender pedicels; rhachis and pedicels closely short-scabrous, a few longer hairs at branch axils and occasionally 1-2 longer hairs below spikelets. Spikelets 3-(5)-flowered, awns exserted from glumes. Glumes blackish centrally, ovate to occasionally ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, (5)-6-7.5- (8) mm long, ± equal, lower 5-nerved, upper 3-nerved. Lemma (1.8)—2—2.6 mm long, 5-(7)- nerved, upper and lower rows of hairs continuous or upper row occasionally with fewer hairs, upper hairs slightly < lemma lobes, lower row overlapping upper, elsewhere glabrous, some few hairs along margins; lemma lobes (0.5)—1.8—2.8 mm long, usually awn-tipped. Central awn 3-4.5 mm long; column 0.5-1 mm long, hardly twisting, ± = palea, < upper lemma hairs. Palea 3-3.8 mm long, = or slightly < upper lemma hairs, glabrous between keels, margins sometimes with a few long hairs. Callus 0.2-0.4 mm long, with a few marginal hairs overlapping lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.5- 0.8 mm long. Anthers 0.5—1.1—(1.4) mm long. Caryopsis 1.2-1.4 × 0.5-0.7 mm; embryo 0.6-0.7 mm long; hilum 0.3 mm long. Endemic.

Variable in size and habit from short, loose, slender, to large, stout, wiry tufts, bright green, ± shortly rhizomatous; leaves < to ± = culms; new shoots extravaginal. Sheaths light brown, glabrous or with ± stiff, scattered hairs; collar hairs to 3-(4) mm long; ligule 0.2-0.5 mm long; lamina to 25 cm long, ± flat, to 2 mm wide, or narrow and rolled, with scattered or abundant, ± stiff hairs, or glabrous, margins closely scabrous. Culms to 90 cm tall, glabrous throughout or minutely scabrous below inflorescence. Panicle up to 15 cm long, erect, racemose with few short branches below; spikelets few to many on short pedicels; rhachis uniformly shortscabrous, pedicels often bare below spikelets or with slightly longer hairs. Spikelets 5-10-flowered, awns, and sometimes upper florets, exserted from glumes. Glumes light green, margins purple above, 8-12 mm long, lanceolate, subacute, ± equal, lower (5)-7- nerved, upper 5-(7)-nerved, sometimes with a few scattered hairs. Lemma 2.5-3.5 mm long, 9-nerved, upper row of hairs ± = or < lemma, in large marginal and adjacent tufts with usually two, sometimes more or occasionally 0 central tufts, lower row of hairs continuous, reaching upper hairs, elsewhere glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, obviously narrowed and prominently nerved above callus; lemma lobes 5-10 mm long, abruptly narrowed to awns. Central awn 11-14 mm long; column (1.5)—2— 3-(4) mm long. Palea 3.5-5 mm long, = upper marginal tufts, glabrous between keels and on margins. Callus very narrow, (0.6)-0.9-1.5 mm long, marginal hair tufts short, usually not reaching lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla minute, 0.1-0.2 mm long. Anthers 0.3-1.2 and 1.4-2.0 mm long. Caryopsis 1.7-2.1 × 0.8-1.1 mm; embryo 0.8-0.9 mm long; hilum 0.4-0.5 mm long. Naturalised in New Zealand from Australia.

Stiff, yellow-green or bright green tussocks, often with tufts of leaves at ends of elongating shoots, rooting at nodes; leaves semi-pungent, ± =, or < culms (occasionally very much shorter), disarticulating at ligule; new shoots intravaginal. Sheaths pale stramineous, glabrous; collar hairs (0.2)—1.0-3.0 mm long; ligule 0.2-0.8 mm long; lamina to 25-(35) cm long, stiff, inrolled, rounded, glabrous, margins glabrous. Culms up to 50 cm tall, glabrous. Panicle ± erect, to 6 cm long, of few large spikelets on very slender pedicels; rhachis and pedicels almost glabrous or with a few scattered prickle-teeth usually along edges and below spikelets, a few long hairs at branch axils. Spikelets (3)-4-6-flowered, awns exserted from glumes. Glumes becoming light redpurple to purple-black centrally, lanceolate, subobtuse to acute, (5.5)—7—11—(20) mm long, ± equal, lower 3-5-nerved, upper (3)-5-(7)-nerved. Lemma (2)-2.5-3.5-(4) mm long, 7-9-nerved, upper and lower rows of hairs continuous, upper row slightly < lemma lobes, lower row usually reaching to base of upper row, glabrous elsewhere but occasional hairs centrally, margins often hair-fringed; lemma lobes (2.3)-3-4—(5) mm long, tapering to short fine awn. Central awn 8-12 mm long, widely divergent; column 1-2 mm long, usually < upper lemma hairs. Palea 3-5 mm long, = or > upper lemma hairs, glabrous between keels or occasionally with scattered short hair, margins with long hairs on lower half or glabrous. Callus c. 0.5 mm long with short marginal hair tufts overlapping lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.6-1 mm long, occasionally crowned with minute hairs. Anthers (1.2)— 1.5—3 mm long. Caryopsis 1.1- 1.5 × 0.6-0.7 mm; embryo 0.5-0.8 mm long; hilum 0.2-0.3 mm long. Endemic.

Tufted perennials, low or moderately tall, with intraor extra vaginal new shoots. Leaf sheaths usually much shorter than internodes, with tuft of hairs at top on either side of ciliar ligule, hairs sometimes extending across back of lamina almost to midrib (dorsal ligule), abaxial surface ± shining, glabrous or hairy, adaxial surface with minute prickle teeth or glabrous; laminae disarticulating at ligule or persistent, flat or inrolled, short with hooded tip, or longer and ± flaccid with long fine acute tip, or stiff with semi-pungent tip, abaxial surface glabrous or hairy, adaxial surface with minute prickle teeth along nerves, occasionally with long hairs as well, margins smooth or scabrous. Inflorescence terminal, a raceme (rarely reduced to 1-3 spikelets), racemose panicle or panicle; spikelets few- to severalflowered, rhachis and pedicels slender, often hairy at branch-axils and usually scabrous to hairy below erect spikelets; florets hermaphrodite, diminishing in size from below upwards, the uppermost often reduced; rhachillae disarticulating obliquely above glumes and between florets. Glumes more or less equal, linear- to obovate-lanceolate, more or less acute, rarely ovate and obtuse, firmly membranous with hyaline margins, rounded on back, keeled above, 3-13-nerved, midnerve and main lateral nerves usually anastomosing towards tip, remaining nerves shorter with abundant, fine, anastomosing cross-veinlets, occasionally long-hairy between nerves; keel, nerves, and abaxial surface near tip usually scabrous, adaxial surface with minute prickle teeth. Lemma with two lateral lobes each usually tipped by a minute to long, straight awn (lobes, including awn, much less than, to more or less equalling, to up to twice, or more, as long as lemma body); central awn from sinus between lobes longer and stronger, usually geniculate, with more or less twisted basal column; lemma 5-9-nerved, nerves anastomosing below sinus and in wide part of lobes, also with several cross-veinlets between, back of lemma pilose in two complete or variously incomplete transverse series of tufts of rigid hairs, upper or lower series, or both, sometimes reduced to marginal tufts, sometimes ± hairy centrally between rows, occasional hairs on margins, lobes scabrous on back and along awns, sometimes scabrous adaxially, occasionally with longer hair near awn sinus, inner margin of lobe at sinus often distinctly finetoothed. Palea hyaline or rather firmer, keeled and infolded near margins, obtuse, truncate or shallowly bidentate, keels and apex finely ciliate, glabrous or hairy between keels, infolded margins glabrous or with a few long hairs, usually in lower half. Callus more or less flattened, hairy on edges. Lodicules 2, cuneate, fleshy, apically long-hairy. Stamens 3. Ovary 2-styled, styles persisting at top of fruit (caryopsis). Caryopsis free from lemma and palea but remaining included, more or less obovate to elliptic, plano-convex in cross section; embryo 1/3-½ length of caryopsis; hilum ± 1/3-1/5 length of caryopsis, round to somewhat elliptic.

Slender tufts, often with tufts of leaves at ends of elongating shoots, rooting at nodes; leaves < culms; new shoots extra- and intravaginal. Sheaths light brown, usually with scattered long hairs, sometimes glabrous; collar hairs to 2 mm long; ligule 0.2-0.3 mm long; lamina to 15 cm long, inrolled, mostly glabrous but margins slightly scabrous near base. Culms up to 25 cm long, glabrous, finely scabrous below inflorescence. Panicle erect, contracted, narrow, 1-7 cm long, of few spikelets on short pedicels; rhachis and pedicels uniformly closely short-scabrous; spikelets 4-5-(6)-flowered, awns ± included by glumes. Glumes purpled centrally, lanceolate, subacute, 6-7.4 mm long, ± equal, both 5-nerved. Lemma c. 2 mm long, 9- nerved, upper row of hairs dense, continuous, = or > lemma lobes, lower row ± indistinct except for marginal tufts, elsewhere with short scattered hairs; lemma lobes 0.7-1.2 mm long, tapering to minute awn or membranous. Central awn 1.5-2.5 mm long; column c. 0.5 mm long, sometimes not developed, < palea and upper lemma hairs. Palea c. 2.5 mm long, < or almost = upper lemma hairs, glabrous between keels, margins with a few long hairs. Callus 0.2- 0.3 mm long with very short marginal hair tufts not, or a few just reaching lower row of lemma hairs. Rhachilla c. 0.7-1 mm long. Anthers 0.6-0.9 mm long. Caryopsis not seen. Endemic.

Grey-green or greyish purple, coarse erect tussocks, occasionally shortly rhizomatous; leaves much < culms; new shoots both intra- and extravaginal. Sheaths white or sometimes greyish, sometimes with few scattered fine hairs above; collar hairs 1-2- (3) mm long; ligule 0. l-0.4-(0.6) mm long; lamina to 35 cm long, flattish, becoming inrolled, to 3 mm wide sometimes with scattered hairs, margins sparsely scabrous. Culms stout, up to 1 m tall, glabrous, minutely scabrous below inflorescence. Panicle large, strict, up to 15 cm long, of many spikelets on ± rigid pedicels; rhachis and pedicels closely short-scabrous, often with longer hairs intermixed. Spikelets 5-6-(7)-flowered, awns included by or exserted from glumes. Glumes usually broad, purplemargined, lanceolate, subacute, (12)—15—17— (19) mm long, ± equal, both 7-nerved. Lemma 2.5- 3 mm long, 9-nerved, upper and lower rows of hairs very dense, upper row < lemma lobes and much overlapped by lower, glabrous elsewhere, occasional hairs centrally and on margins; lemma lobes (6.3)-7-9 mm long, narrowed to fine awn. Central awn (8.5)—10—14 mm long; column 1-2.5 mm long, < upper lemma hairs. Palea 3.5—4.5 mm long, < upper lemma hairs, hairs numerous, long, between keels in lower 2/3, and on margins. Callus (0.8)—1—1.3 mm long, marginal hair tufts overlapping lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla c. 0.2 mm long. Anthers 0.8-1.2 and 1.7-2.1 mm long. Caryopsis 1.6-2 × 0.8 mm; embryo 0.7 mm long; hilum 0.5 mm long. Naturalised in New Zealand from Australia.

Variable in size and habit, from low-growing tussocks to moderately tall tufts, rather dull green, ± shortly rhizomatous; leaves semi-pungent, usually much < culms; new shoots intravaginal, crowded, ± swollen at base. Sheaths pale to greyish, glabrous, sometimes with scattered long hairs; collar hairs 1- 3 mm long; ligule c. 0.3 mm long; lamina to 15—(22) cm long, stiff, inrolled with scabrous margins, glabrous, or with scattered long hairs. Culms up to 45 cm long, glabrous, minutely scabrous below inflorescence. Panicle strict, up to 6.5 cm long, shortly branched below, with few to many spikelets on short pedicels; rhachis and pedicels closely short-scabrous, with numerous minute hairs interspersed, longer hairs below spikelets and at branch axils. Spikelets 5-8-flowered, sometimes upper florets exceed glumes. Glumes purpled centrally, ovate-lanceolate, subacute, (3.5)-5-7-(9) mm long, ± equal, lower 5- (7)-nerved, upper 3-(5)-nerved. Lemma 2.5-3.5- (4) mm long, finely 7-(9)-nerved, both rows of hairs reduced to short dense marginal tufts, elsewhere glabrous, upper hairs < lemma lobes; lemma lobes reduced to minute bristles, rarely almost wanting, 0.1-0.4-(0.6) mm long. Central awn (0.2)-0.5-1- (2.5) mm long, straight, erect, fine, or reduced to a mucro from a bifid lemma-tip; column not developed. Palea 2.3-3 mm long, < or reaching almost to base of sinus, much > upper lemma hairs, glabrous between keels and on margins. Callus 0.2- 0.3 mm long with thick marginal hair tufts reaching base of lower marginal lemma tufts. Rhachilla c. 0.5 mm long. Anthers 0.4-0.7 mm long, Caryopsis 1-1.3 × 0.4-0.7 mm; embryo to 0.5 mm long; hilum c. 0.2 mm long. Endemic.

Strong tufts spreading outwards from ± open centre, very shortly rhizomatous, mostly glabrous apart from collar hairs but not invariably so; leaves slightly < mature culms; new shoots extravaginal. Sheaths pale stramineous, usually glabrous but some with long, scattered to very occasionally abundant, fine hairs, rarely all sheaths hairy; collar hairs to 4 mm long; ligule 0.2-0.8 mm long; lamina flat, or margins inrolled, to 40 cm long, to 3.5 mm wide, glabrous, occasionally with a few scattered long hairs, margins finely scabrous. Culms up to 75-(85) cm tall, glabrous, finely scabrous below inflorescence. Panicle narrow, long-branched, to 15—(18) cm long; spikelets large, on short slender pedicels; rhachis and pedicels densely short-scabrous, occasionally with a few longer hairs below spikelets and at branch axils. Spikelets (3)-4-6-(8)-flowered, awns exserted from glumes. Glumes purpled centrally, lanceolate, acute or subacute, ± equal, (7.5)—10-12 mm long, both 5-(7)-nerved. Lemma 2-3 mm long, 9-nerved, both upper and lower rows of hairs dense, continuous, upper row < lemma lobes, lower row only reaching base of upper, some few scattered hairs elsewhere and on margins; lemma lobes (4)-5-7 mm long, gradually tapering to fine awns. Central awn (6)-9- 12 mm long; column (1)—2—3 mm long, = or slightly > palea, usually ± = upper lemma hairs. Palea 4- 5 mm long, slightly < upper lemma hairs, glabrous or rarely a few hairs between keels, margins with a few long hairs or glabrous. Callus 0.5-0.8 mm long, with marginal hair tufts overlapping lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla0.4-0.6-(0.7) mm long. Anthers 0.3- 0.8 and 1-1.6 mm long. Caryopsis 1.6-1.8 × 0.8- 0.9 mm; embryo 0.8 mm long; hilum 0.5 mm long. Endemic.

Stiff, rather dark purple-green tussocks; leaves semi-pungent, somewhat < culms, disarticulating at ligule; new shoots intravaginal. Sheaths pale stramineous below, purplish above, usually glabrous or with some scattered long hairs; collar hairs 3-4- (6) mm long; ligule (0.2)-0.8-1.5 mm long; lamina up to 35 cm long, stiff, inrolled, glabrous or occasionally with scattered long hairs, margins often scabrous above ligule and near tip. Culms up to 45- (55) cm tall, glabrous or sometimes fine-scabrous below inflorescence. Panicle ± erect, up to 10 cm long, of few large spikelets on very slender pedicels; rhachis and pedicels closely short-scabrous with some long hairs occasionally at branch axils; spikelets 3-4-(5)-flowered, awns exserted from glumes. Glumes blackish purple centrally, linear-lanceolate, subobtuse, (6)-8-12 mm long, ± equal, lower 5-(7)- nerved, upper 3-(5)-nerved. Lemma 2.5-3 mm long, 9-nerved, upper and lower rows of hairs very dense and continuous, upper row ± = or slightly > lemma lobes, lower row overlapping upper, shorter hairs scattered elsewhere; lemma lobes (3.7)-4-4.7 mm long, tapering to fine awn. Central awn 8-11 mm long; column 1-1.5 mm long, ± = palea, < upper lemma hairs. Palea 3.5^t.5 mm long, reaching about Vi way up upper lemma hairs, long hairs between keels in lower third and on margins. Callus c. 0.5 mm long, marginal hair tufts long, abundant, much overlapping lower lemma hairs. Rhachilla 0.7-1 mm long. Anthers (0.8)—1—1.5—(2) mm long. Caryopsis 1.4-1.7 × 0.6-0.7 mm; embryo 0.5-0.8 mm long; hilum 0.3 mm long. Endemic.