Notes: This new species (Fig. 1, clade 34) is formerly known as C. cladosporioides Lineage 2 sensu Bensch et al. (2010). Bensch et al. (2010) hesitated in naming this phylogenetically distinct lineage since it is morphologically almost indistinguishable from C. cladosporioides s. str. Morphologically, C. vicinum is the closest of the three phylogenetically distinct lineages to C. cladosporioides s. str. (Fig. 1, clade 66) but differs in more frequently forming septate conidia (usually aseptate in C. cladosporioides s. str. vs 0–1(–3)-septate in C. vicinum). Cladosporium europaeum (formerly C. cladosporioides Lineage 1 sensu Bensch et al. (2010); Fig. 1, clade 35) is the closest phylogenetic relative of C. vicinum (see species notes under C. europaeum for sequence similarities) but produces somewhat shorter conidiogenous cells, secondary conidia and ramoconidia. Cladosporium westerdijkiae (formerly C. cladosporioides Lineage 4 sensu Bensch et al. (2010); Fig. 1, clade 43) introduced below differs from C. vicinum in having shorter intercalary conidia and secondary ramoconidia which are usually aseptate.