Microdochium neoqueenslandicum is represented by two isolates, CBS 108926 and CBS 445.95, and clustered basal to other Microdochium species. Microdochium neoqueenslandicum is distinct from M. queenslandicum by having shorter and wider conidia (7.5–11 × 1.8–2.2 μm in M. queenslandicum). Microdochium queenslandicum is only known from a forest soil sample collected in Australia. Unfortunately, no living material of M. queenslandicum was available for study. In our phylogenetic tree M. neoqueenslandicum is represented by two strains isolated from grasses, Agrostis sp. and Juncus effuses, the former from New Zealand and the latter from the Netherlands, suggesting that this species has a wide distribution.