ARGENTINA: CHUBUT: Parque Nacional Los Alerces, on N. dombeyi, R. Menéndez, I. J. Gamundí & A. J. Amos, 3 Sep 1996, BCRU 1551. NEUQUEN: Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, International Milestone, near Road 215, on N. dombeyi, M. I. Messuti, 31 Mar 1993, BCRU 1754; Pla. Quetrihué, on N. dombeyi, I. J. Gamundí & C. Brion, 1 Jun 1997, BCRU 1767; Parque Nacional Lanín, A. Queñil-Hue, on N. dombeyi, I. J. Gamundí, 10 Apr 1992, BCRU 1757; Hua-Hum, on N. dombeyi, I. J. Gamundí, 6 Apr 1992, BCRU 1758. RIO NEGRO: Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapí, Llao-Llao, Parque Municipal near Soria Moria, on N. dombeyi, I. J. Gamundí, A. L. Giaiotti & M. I. Messuti, 28 Apr 1993, BCRU 1753; Path from Pt. Blest to Los Cántaros, on N. dombeyi, P. R. Johnston SA193, I. J. Gamundí & C. Brion, 2 Apr 1996, BCRU 1753, PDD 69811; L. Nahuel Huapi, Brazo Tristeza, on N. dombeyi, I. J. Gamundí, 3 May 1994, BCRU 1750; Lago Mascardi, on N. dombeyi, C. Pujals & I. J. Gamundí, 24 Apr 1958, BAFC 20345; Llao- Llao, on N. dombeyi, C. Pujals & I. J. Gamundí, 27 Apr 1958, BAFC 20304. TIERRA DEL FUEGO: Ushuaia, Glaciar Martial Valley, near base of ski lift, on N. betuloides, P. R. Johnston SA3 & L. Lorenzo, 16 Mar 1996, BCRU 1848, PDD 69810; Ushuaia, Glaciar Martial Valley, ski trail below Tea House, on N. betuloides, P. R. Johnston SA119 & L. Lorenzo, 24 Mar 1996, BCRU 1847, PDD 68405; Parque Nacional Lapataia, Bahía Ensenada, on N. betuloides, P. R. Johnston SA154 & L. Lorenzo, 27 Mar 1996, BCRU 1849, PDD 69807; Bahía Ensenada, Punto Panorámico, I. J. Gamundí, 16 Mar 1975, BCRU 1267; Bahía Ensenada, I. J. Gamundí, 17 Feb 1972, BCRU 1183; Lapataia, peat bog, on N. betuloides, E. Horak, 19 Feb 1974, BCRU 1185; L. Escondido, road Ushuaia to L. Fagnano, P. R. Johnston SA77 & L. Lorenzo, 22 Mar 1996, BCRU 1846, PDD 69809; Estancia Moat, on N. betuloides, I. J. Gamundí, 18 Mar 1975, BCRU 1186; Isla de los Estados, on N. betuloides, I. J. Gamundí, 28 Nov 1967, BCRU 1268; Bahía Ensenada, on N. betuloides, I. J. Gamundí, 17 Feb 1972, BCRU 1183; Bahía Ensenada, on N. betuloides, I. J. Gamundí, 16 Mar 1975, BCRU 1267; Road Ushuaia-Moat, Estancia Moat, on N. betuloides, P. R. Johnston SA134 & L. Lorenzo, 25 Mar 1996, BCRU1850, PDD 69808; Tierra Mayor, on N. betuloides, I. J. Gamundí & P. Medina, BCRU 1184.

CHILE: LOS LAGOS: Prov. Palena, L. Yelcho, track to Glaciar Yelcho, on N. dombeyi, P. R. Johnston SA201 & M. Rajchenberg, 5 Apr 1996, PDD 68406; Prov. Osorno, Parque Nacional Puyehue, road to Antillanca, 1 km up from Lag. El Toro, on N. dombeyi, P. R. Johnston SA245 & I. J. Gamundí, 9 Apr 1996, PDD 68403, BCRU 1998.

Apothecia developing on fallen leaves, growing on both sides and margin of leaves, leaves darkened but not showing definite stromatised areas; erumpent through host cuticle, arising from small, dark stroma; apothecia 0.6-2 mm diam., stipitate, fleshy; disc plane or convex, grey-yellowish ("avellaneus" to "sepia"); receptacle dark brown, receptacle and margin with fuligineous setae; stipe 0.5-1 x 0.18-0.27 mm, cylindrical, base bulbous, blackish. Paraphyses 1.5-2 µm diam., slightly swollen near apex. Asci 117-147 x 9-11 µm, cylindric-clavate, tapering to base, wall thickened at apex, with strongly amyloid pore, 8-spored. Ascospores 16-17.5 x 3.8-5.8 µm, fusoid, asymmetrical, containing 1-4 guttules, hyaline to slightly yellowish; 1-2-seriate. Ectal excipulum 3-layered; outer layer one cell wide, forming a radial network over receptacle, more or less parallel on stipe, comprising hyphae 2.5-5.5 µm diam. with walls brown, thickly encrusted; central layer 18-25 µm thick, comprising textura porrecta of hyphae 2.5-4.5 µm diam. with walls hyaline, gelatinous; inner layer 18-23 µm thick, comprising textura porrecta of hyphae 2.5-4.5 µm diam. with walls pale brown, irregularly encrusted, nongelatinous. Medullary excipulum comprising textura intricata of hyphae 2.5-4.5 µm diam. with walls hyaline, nongelatinous. Setae arising from the central layer of ectal excipulum on receptacle, from outer layer of ectal excipulum on stipe, 150-520 x 5.8-11 µm, swollen near the base, tapering to base, base simple on receptacle, L- or T-shaped on stipe, wall smooth, dark brown, opaque, often paler near subacute apex, pluriseptate.

APPEARANCE IN CULTURE: OA: 18-80 mm diam.; aerial mycelium cottony, forming patchy tufts, white to grey; agar surface orange-brown to red-brown; in reverse with patches of orange brown pigmentation. PDA: 30-35 mm diam.; margin uneven, surface of colony raised and deeply convoluted; aerial mycelium low, felted to cottony, tufted, variable in pigmentation, white, pale grey, bright yellow, or pinkish; in reverse very dark orange-brown; deep yellow pigment diffusing into agar across plate. MEA-M: 20 mm diam.; aerial mycelium sparse, whitish; surface of agar deep orange-brown; orange-brown pigments diffusing into agar across plate (BCRU 1850 with less well developed pigment, faster growth, and quite dense tufted to felted mycelium with irregular patches of white, pale grey, and bright yellow pigments). MEA-D: similar to MEA-M (BCRU 1847 with faster growth, thin colonies with little aerial mycelium and irregular patches of purplish-grey pigment).

ETYMOLOGY: the specific epithet refers to the southern South American distribution of this species, along the Andes.

T. andina is the most common Torrendiella species in the Andean-Patagonian forest of South America. It is characterised by the subcuticular stroma from which the apothecia arise, the long stipe, and very dark receptacle. The dark appearance is due to the well developed outer excipular layer. This layer, continuous and one cell thick in the stipe, forms a brown net over the receptacle. Small, immature apothecia are darker than those that are mature, and it is possible that as the hymenium expands with maturity, the outer excipular layer becomes disrupted and the hyphae become separated, so forming the characteristic net.

Although T. andina is found on more than one host species, it is interesting to note that N. betuloides and N. dombeyi are closely related, and are both evergreen with similar, coriaceous leaves. N. dombeyi grows in northern Patagonia on the eastern slopes of the Andes from about 38^o 40' S to 43^o 40' S and is a montane species; N. betuloides reaches sea level in Tierra del Fuego, growing from about 48° S to 56° S.

Note that the collections BAFC 20345 and 20304 were recorded erroneously by Gamundí (1962) as Zoellneria eucalypti.