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Dawson, J.W. 1967: The New Zealand species of Gingidium (Umbelliferae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 5: 84–116.

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Dawson, J.W. 1967: The New Zealand species of Gingidium (Umbelliferae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 5: 84–116.
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Often invested with remains of dead leaves at base; not rhizomatous. Leaves once-pinnate, rarely 2-pinnate, sub-fleshy, 4-12 (18) cm long, 0.5-4 cm broad; leaflets 5-10 pairs, each (4) 8-17 (24) mm long, 3-16 mm broad, sessile or shortly petioled, occasionally with petiolules up to 5 mm long simple or more frequently pinnatifid or pinnate with one or two pairs of segments, the segments usually not overlapping, with a glaucous bloom on one or both surfaces or not glaucous, stomata equally abundant on both surfaces; petioles 1-4 (8) cm long, 0.75-1.5 mm in diameter; sheaths 6-11 (20) mm long, 3-4.5 (7) mm broad at the base. Inflorescences 8-20 cm long with axes 0.75-2 mm in diameter; compound umbels 1-3 per inflorescence; simple umbels 5-10 per compound umbel; bracts free; flowers 8-15 per simple umbel; styles 1.5-3 mm long; mericarps of fruits ca. 4 mm long, 2-2.5 mm broad, lateral ribs produced into wings.
Plants not invested with remains of dead leaves at base. Sometimes rhizomatous in var. baxteri and var. peninsulare. Leaves once pinnate, rarely 2-pinnate, sub-fleshy or membranous, 3—13 cm long, 0.8-2.5 cm broad; leaflets 2-10 pairs, each 3-12 mm long, 3-10 mm broad, simple or pinnatifid or pinnate with one or two pairs of segments, the segments usually overlapping, with a distinct glaucous bloom on the lower or both surfaces, stomata equally abundant on both surfaces, leaflets sessile or with short petiolules; petioles 1-4.5 cm long, 0.5-2 mm in diameter; sheaths 6-10 mm long, 3-7 mm broad at the base. Inflorescences 5-17 cm long with axes 1-1.5 mm in diameter below the first node; compound umbels 1-4 per inflorescence; simple umbels 2-6 per compound umbel; bracts free or partly fused; flowers 5-12 per simple umbel; styles 0.75-2 mm long; mericarps of fruits ca. 3.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, the lateral ribs not winged.
Sometimes invested with remains of dead leaves at base; not rhizomatous. Leaves once-pinnate, fleshy. 4.5-5.5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm broad, leaflets 1-4 pairs, each 4.5-5 mm long, 4.5-7.5 mm broad, sessile or rarely with short petiolules, often irregular in shape but ranging from flabellate to reniform, simple never incised, without a glaucous bloom, stomata equally abundant on both surfaces, margins obtuse dentate or crenate to edentate, petioles 1-2 cm long, 0.75-1.5 mm in diameter, sheaths 7-12 mm long, 5-10 mm broad at the base. Inflorescences 2-6 cm long with axes 0.75-2.5 mm in diameter; compound umbels 1. occasionally 2 per inflorescence, simple umbels 2-7 per compound umbel, bracts free or partly fused; flowers up to 12 psr simple umbel, styles 1-1.5 mm long; mericarps of fruits ca. 2.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, lateral ribs not winged.
Often invested with remains of dead leaves at base; not rhizomatous. Leaves once pinnate, sub-fleshy, 15-40 (60) cm long, (3) 5-15 cm broad; leaflets 5-9 pairs, each 1.5-7.5 cm long, 1.5-6.5 cm broad, sessile, obliquely ovate-oblong to rhomboid, acute to obtuse, simple, rarely incised, glaucous beneath, stomata restricted to the lower surface, margins serrate, sometimes crenate; petioles 7-13 (30) cm long 2.5-6 mm in diameter; sheaths 3-7 (9.5) cm long, 7-20 mm broad at the base. Inflorescences 25-55 cm long with axes 3.5-7 mm in diameter; compound umbels 2-4 per inflorescence; simple umbels 5-25 per compound umbel; bracts free; flowers 15-30 per simple umbel; styles 1.5-3.5 mm long; mericarps of fruits 5-6 mm long, 2.5-3 mm broad, lateral ribs produced into wings.
Often rhizomatous, rhizomes terminating in clusters of leaves; not invested with remains of dead leaves at base. Leaves once to twice pinnate or ternate-pinnate, sub-fleshy to membranous, 7-18 cm long 3.5-7 cm broad; primary leaflets 1-4 pairs; leaflet laminae 8-18 mm long, 8-14 mm broad, flabellate to rhomboid, simple, sometimes incised, glaucous beneath, stomata restricted to the lower surfaces, margins obtuse dentate to crenate; proximal primary leaflets sometimes with short, but more commonly with long petiolules; primary rachis intervals often extended; petioles up to 11 cm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; sheaths 7-12 mm long, 3-4 mm broad at the base. Inflorescences 10-30 cm long with axes 1-1.5 mm in diameter; compound umbels 1-3 per inflorescence; simple umbels 2-5 per compound umbel; bracts free or partly fused; flowers 3-11 per simple umbel; styles ca. 2 mm long; mericarps of fruits ca. 8 mm long, 3 mm wide, the lateral ribs produced into wings.
Leaves membranous; leaflets with a distinct glaucous bloom on both surfaces when young, sometimes only slightly glaucous adaxially when mature, sessile, simple or with one or two incisions; terminal leaflets similar in size to the lateral leaflets.
Folia membranea; foliola recentia insignite glauca utraque in planitie, aliquando matura tantum leviter glauca superiore in planitie, sessilia, simplicia, aut incisionibus vel singulis vel binis; foliolum terminaie tantum quanta folia lateralia.
Leaves sub-fleshy, leaflets with a distinct glaucous bloom on both surfaces; lateral leaflets sessile, simple; terminal leaflets much larger than the lateral leaflets.
Folia subcarnosa; foliola insignite glauca, utraque in planitie, sessilia, simplicia, foliolum terminale multo maius quam foliola lateralia.
Herbaceous, glabrous perennials with taproots surmounted by short, close-set stems; sometimes rhizomatous; leaves in rosettes, sometimes invested with remains of older leaves at the base; plants of each species either female* or with male and hermaphrodite flowers together, female plants fewer than male/hermaphrodites and occurring quite frequently in some species, rarely in others. Leaves once-pinnate, sometimes twice-pinnate or ternate-pinnate, mostly sub-fleshy, sometimes fleshy or membranous; leaflets mostly ovate, rhomboid or flabellate, acute to rounded, simple to pinnatifid or pinnate, glaucous on both surfaces, only on the under surface or not glaucous, stornata equally abundant on both surfaces or restricted to the lower surface, margins serrate, dentate or crenate, leaflets sessile or with short, less commonly long petiolules, mid-veins obscure; petioles more or less terete, not grooved or narrowly grooved adaxially; sheath edges converging upwards and meeting or remaining slightly separated, the membranous marginal wings of the sheath tapering upwards or remaining broad, then narrowing abruptly; rachis intervals narrowly grooved adaxially. Inflorescences axillary, each with a terminal compound umbel and usually a few reduced cauline leaves, each of which may subtend an additional compound umbel; female inflorescences tending to be smaller than male/hermaphrodite; primary bracts at the base of each compound umbel few to several, narrow-linear, free in some species, free or partly fused in others; simple umbels few to many per compound umbel; secondary bracts at the base of each simple umbel few to several, narrowlinear, free or partly fused; flowers few to many per simple umbel, white; sepals much smaller than petals, but quite distinct, variable in size in each flower; petals of hermaphrodite flowers larger than those of females and with longer and more strongly indexed tips; minute rudimentary staminodes present in female flowers; styles mostly long and slender, divergent, stylopodia low-conic; mericarps with 5 acute to rounded ribs, lateral ribs enlarging into wings at fruiting stage in some species; oil tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, and solitary in the ribs, those in the intervals and on the commissure large and, at fruiting stage, flattened tangentially, those in the ribs minute and not flattened. *Female plants have not been discovered in G. trifoliolatum or in three of the four varieties of G. enysii.

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KEY TO SPECIES

1
Leaflets less than 15 mm long
2
Leaflets 15-75 mm long
2
Lower leaflets with petiolules 10-40 mm long, or where shorter with the leaflet lamina simple to trifoliolate
Lower leaflets sessile or with petiolules only 1 or 2 mm long, or where longer with the leaflet pinnatifidly or pinnately divided into 2 pairs of segments and a terminal one
3
3
Teeth mostly 7 or fewer per simple leaflet, 5 or fewer per proximal segment of pinnatifid leaflets. Simple leaflets truncate or obtuse at the base. Ripe mericarps winged
Teeth mostly 8 or more per simple leaflet, 7 or more per proximal segment of pinnatifid leaflets. Where teeth of simple leaflets fewer than 8, leaflet bases distinctly cuneate. Ripe mericarps not winged
4
4
Leaflet teeth longer than wide or as long as wide. Leaflets with a glacous bloom
Leaflet teeth wider than long or margins entire. Leaflets without a glaucous bloom

Reproduced with permission from New Zealand Journal of Botany and The Royal Society of New Zealand Te Apārangi.

KEY TO VARIETIES

1
Some proximal leaflets of most plants with short petiolules
All proximal leaflets sessile
2
2
Terminal leaflets much larger than lateral leaflets
Terminal leaflet similar in size to lateral leaflets
3
3
Leaflets with a marked glaucous bloom on both surfaces, sub-fleshy
Leaflets with a distinct glaucous bloom on under surface, bloom on the upper surface very slight or absent, membranous

Reproduced with permission from New Zealand Journal of Botany and The Royal Society of New Zealand Te Apārangi.

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ad563f55-1cc8-4f75-946e-def4aa8fab9a
reference
Names_Plants
1 September 2016
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