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Parris, B.S.; Given, D.R. 1976: A taxonomic revision of the genus Grammitis Sw. (Grammitidaceae : Filicales) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 14: 85–111.

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Parris, B.S.; Given, D.R. 1976: A taxonomic revision of the genus Grammitis Sw. (Grammitidaceae : Filicales) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 14: 85–111.
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Rhizome long-creeping (rarely shortcreeping), often mat-forming; paleae light brown, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rarely lanceolate, obtuse to acute, 1.0-3.5 × 0.4-1.2 mm. Stipes indistinct, winged almost to base; stipe hairs absent. Lamina spathulate to linear-spathulate, rarely broadly oblanceolate, obtuse to broadly acute, (0.4-)0.5-1.9(-3.0) × (0.2-) 0.25-0.34(-0.5) cm; lamina hairs occasionally present, sparse, brown, multicellular, to 0.7 mm; texture thickly coriaceous; veins invisible, endings not darkened; midrib slightly raised or completely invisible on underside of lamina, concolorous. Sori subglobose to globose, sometimes ± coenosoroid, usually confluent when mature, usually terminal on frond, 1-4(—5) pairs, 1-3 × 1-2 mm, to 8 mm long when coenosoroid; soral vein ± equal in length to basiscopic vein, neither reaching the margin. Sporangia (240-) 252.5-319.1(-400) mcm long; indurated cells of annulus (10-) 11.0-14.0(-20). Spores (31-) 39.2-53.6 (-65) mcm diam.
Rhizome erect to short-creeping, rarely long-creeping; paleae light brown, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, acute to broadly acute, 2.2-6.3 × 0.48-1.5 mm. Stipes indistinct, winged almost to base; stipe hairs whitish to pale red-brown, sparse to common, 0.3-1.5 mm. Lamina linear-oblanceolate, rarely elliptic to oblanceolate, acute or rarely + obtuse, (2.6-)5.6-13.6(-24.5) × (0.3-)0.39-0.69(-1.1) cm; lamina hairs to 1.0 mm; sparse to absent on margin, midrib and lamina, similar to those on the stipe; texture thinly coriaceous to coriaceous; veins visible or invisible, rarely raised on upper and lower surface in dried material, endings not darkened; midrib raised below, usually darker than lamina. Son oblong to linear, oblique, in upper and middle part of frond, 2-27 pairs, 1.5-7.5 × 1.0-2.0 mm; soral vein ending within the sorus or extending a little beyond it, shorter than basiscopic vein, neither reaching the margin. Sporangia (150-) 177.5-208.9 (-260) mcm long; indurated cells of annulus (9-)10.4-12.4(-15). Spores (18-) 23.3-26.1 (-31) mcm diam.
Rhizome erect to short-creeping; paleae light brown, lanceolate or rarely lanceolate-ovate, acute, rarely obtuse, 1.8-4.8 × 0.25-0.75 mm. Stipe indistinct, winged almost to base; stipe hairs whitish to pale red-brown, sparse to abundant, (0.2-)0.6-1.7 mm long. Lamina linear-oblanceolate, acute, (1.7-) 2.3-5.5(-9.5) × (0.2-)0.24-0.44(-0.6) cm; lamina hairs whitish to pale red-brown, sparse to common except in sori where usually abundant and sometimes longer than those elsewhere on the lamina, sometimes absent except in sori, (0.3-) 0.6-1.5 (-2.0) mm long, lacking shorter abundant marginal hairs as in G. pseudociliata; texture thinly coriaceous; veins ± visible to visible in transmitted light, sometimes raised on upper surface in dried specimens, vein endings not darkened; midrib raised on lower surface, usually darker than lamina. Sori subglobose to oblong, oblique or nearly parallel to midrib, sometimes nearly covering frond undersurface when mature, in middle or middle and upper part of frond, (1—)4—16 pairs, 1-4 × 1.0-1.5 mm; soral vein not extending beyond sorus, usually shorter than basiscopic vein, neither reaching the margin. Sporangia (150-) 166.4-207.0 (-260) mcm long; indurated cells of annulus (9-) 10.8- 13.0(-16). Spores (19-)24.0-27.8(-33) mcm diam.
Rhizome sub-erect to short-creeping; paleae red-brown, lanceolate, acute, 8.0-13.0 × 1.0- 1.2 mm. Stipe indistinct, winged almost to base; stipe hairs absent. Lamina linear-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, acute, (9.0-)10.2-17.6(-22.0) × (1.0-) 1.02-1.58 (-1.8) cm; lamina hairs absent or scattered, mainly on midrib, brown, multicellular, to 1 mm long; texture thickly coriaceous; veins invisible or rarely slightly raised on lower surface in dried material; endings not darkened; midrib slightly raised on lower surface, concolorous with or darker than lamina. Sori oblong to linear, oblique, in middle and upper part of frond, c.20-30 pairs, 2-10 × 1.5-3.0 mm; soral vein extending beyond the sorus, equal in length to the basiscopic vein, both sometimes branching and anastomosing, both nearly reaching the margin. Sporangia (250-) 293.9-349.1 (-400),mcm long; indurated cells of annulus (10-) 10.8-12.8(-16). Spores (33-)37.4-46.0(-57) mcm diam.
Rhizome short-creeping to long-creeping; paleae pale brown, lanceolate, acute, 1.6-5.9 × 0.6-1.9 mm. Stipes pronounced, 1-18 mm long; stipe hairs whitish to pale red-brown, rare to common, 0.3-2.0 mm long. Lamina spathulate-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, obtuse to acute, (1.1—) 1.9—5,7(—9.9) × (0.3-)0.38-0.70(-1.0) cm; lamina hairs whitish, rare, on midribs only, more common in young fronds, to 1.2 mm long; texture coriaceous; veins invisible, endings not darkened; midrib somewhat raised below, ± concolorous with lamina. Sori subglobose to oblong, oblique, in upper ½ to 1/3 of frond, 1-10 pairs, 2.0-6.5 × 1,0-2.0 mm; soral vein ending within the sorus or extending a little beyond it, somewhat shorter than basiscopic vein, neither reaching the margin. Sporangia (190-)222.2-312.0(-390) mcm long; indurated cells of annulus (10-)11.0-13.6(-17). Spores (25-) 31.0-41.6 (-50) mcm diam.
G. armstrongii Tindale et G. billardieri Willd. affinis, sed a prima frondibus parum maioribus, praesentia stipitium cum pilis et plerumque maiore numero parium sororum; et a secunda rhizomate late repente, frondibus parvioribus et sporis maioribus. Rhizoma breviter vel late repens; paleae pallide brunneae, lanceolatae, acutae, 1.6-5.9 × 0.6-1.9 mm. Stipes manifestus, 1-18 mm longus; pili albidi vel pallide castanei, raro vel vulgares, 0.3-2.0 mm longi. Lamina spathulato-oblanceolata vel oblanceolata, obtusa vel acuta, (1.1-) 1.9-5.7 (-9.9) × (0.3-)0.38- 0.70(-1.0) cm; pili albidi, rari, solum in costa, frequentiores in frondibus juvenibus ,ad 1.2 mm longi; textura coriacea; venae non manifestae, extremae venarum non fuscatae; costa parum sub lamina procumbens, lamina ± concolor. Sori subglobosi vel oblongi, obliqui, in superiore \ vel J parte frondis, 1-10 pares, 2.0-6.5 × 1.0-2.0 mm; vena sori in sorum terminans vel parum ultra procurrens, parum brevior quam vena basiscopica, non ad marginem accedens. Sporangia (19O-)222.2-312.O(-390) /mi longa; cellulae induratae annuli (10—) 11.0-13.5 (—17). Sporae (25-)31.O-41.6(-5O) Mrn diametro.
Rhizome erect to short-creeping; plants often colonial, fronds rather lax; paleae light brown, lanceolate, acute or rarely obtuse, 1.9-4.0 × 0.3-0.7 mm. Stipes indistinct, winged to base (usually more so than in G. billardieri); stipe hairs absent or very rare, whitish, to 1.0 mm. Lamina linear-oblanceolate, acute (2.2-) 4.0-9.6 (-12.0) × (0.2-) 0.28-0.50 (-0.65) cm; lamina hairs absent or very rare, as those of stipe; texture coriaceous; veins invisible, vein endings sometimes marked by a black marking, perhaps a hydathode, on the upper surface; midrib raised on lower surface, concolorous with or slightly darker than lamina. Sori oblong, oblique, in upper 1/3 to 2/3 of frond, 4-21 pairs, 1.5-5.0 × 1.0-1.5 mm; soral vein ending within the sorus or extending a little beyond it, shorter than basiscopic vein, neither approaching margin very closely. Sporangia (180-) 212.6-269.0(-300) mcm long; indurated cells of annulus (8-)10.4-13.0(-15). Spores (25-)29.8-38.0(-50) mcm diam.
Rhizome erect to short-creeping; plant usually solitary, fronds erect; paleae light brown, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, acute to broadly acute, 1.2-3.7 × 0.25-0.75 mm. Stipe ± indistinct, winged to base; stipe hairs absent or very rare, whitish, to 1.0 mm long. Lamina linear-oblanceolate, acute to broadly acute, (1.6-) 3.3-8.1 (-13.6) × (0.2-) 0.24-0.42(-0.5) cm; lamina hairs absent or very rare, similar to those of stipe; texture thinly coriaceous to coriaceous; veins visible to invisible, endings not darkened; midrib slightly raised below, darker than lamina. Sori subglobose to oblong, oblique or nearly parallel to midrib, in upper ½ to 2/3 of frond but not usually in apex, 2-19 pairs, 1.5-4.0 × 1.0-2.0 mm, sometimes ± confluent and covering most of frond undersurface when mature; soral vein prolonged or not beyond sorus but not as long as basiscopic vein, neither reaching the margin. Sporangia (200-)226.4- 299.0(-370) mcm long; indurated cells of annulus (10-)10.4-12.4(-15). Spores (25-) 34.3-47.5(-58) mcm diam.
Differt a G. magellanica subsp. magellanica in plerumque habitu solitario, aliquantum frondibus parvioribus, extremis venarum non fuscatis, et aliquantum maioribus sporangiis et sporiis. Rhizoma erectum vel breviter repens; planta plerumque solitaria, frondes erectae; paleae pallide brunneae, lanceolatae vel anguste lanceolatae, acutae yel late acutae, 1.2-3.7 × 0.25-0.75 mm. Stipes ± indistinctus, ad basim alatus; pili absentes vel rarissimi, albidi, ad 1.0 mm longi. Lamina linearo-oblanceolata, acuta vel late acuta, (1.6)-3.3-8.1(-13.6) × (0.2-) 0.24—0.42(-0.5) cm; pili absentes yel rarissimi, eidem pili stipitis; textura tenuiter coriacea vel coriacea; venae manifestae vel non, extremae venarum non fuscatae; costa parum sub lamina prominens, atrior quam lamina. Sori subglobosi vel oblongi, obliqui vel fere ad costam paralleli, in superiore ½-2/3 parte frondis, plerumque non in apice, 2-19 pares, 1-5-4.0 × 1.0-2.0 mm, interdum ± confiuentes et pagina inferiore tengentes ubi maturi; vena sori ultra sorum procurrens vel non, sed non in longitudine venam basalem aequans, non ad marginem accedens. Sporangia (200-)226.4-299.0(-370) mcm longa; cellulae induratae annuli (10-) 10.4-12.4(-15). Sporae (25-) 34.3-47.5(-58) mcm diameter.
Rhizome long-creeping, rarely shortcreeping, sometimes mat-forming, especially when dwarfed; paleae ovate-lanceolate, acute or apiculate, 1.5-3.0 × 0.45-0.75 mm. Stipes marked, (0.1-)0.5-2.0 cm long; stipe hairs usually dark red-brown, rarely paler, abundant, 0.5-3.0 mm long. Lamina linearoblanceolate to linear-spathulate, acute to obtuse, (0.6-)2.0-7.0(-13.0) × (0.2-) 0.28-0.50 (-1.0) cm; lamina hairs dark red-brown, rarely paler, 0.5-3.0 mm long, absent to common on lamina apart from in sori, where always abundant; texture thinly to thickly coriaceous; veins visible to invisible, endings not darkened; midrib raised somewhat on lower surface, concolorous with or darker than lamina. Sori subglobose to oblong, in upper part of frond, sometimes terminal, 1-12 pairs, 1.0-4.5 × 0.5-2.0 mm, usually confluent when mature; soral vein somewhat longer than sorus, shorter than basiscopic vein, neither reaching margin. Sporangia (230-)271.7-338.7(-400) mcm long; indurated cells of annulus (10-) 11.6-15.6 (-21). Spores (30-)38.8-49.6(-60) mcm diam.
Rhizome erect to short-creeping; paleae pale red-brown, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, acute to broadly acute, 1.5-4.3 × 0.4-1.2 mm. Stipe indistinct, winged almost to base; stipe hairs whitish to pale red-brown, abundant, 0.4-1.6 mm long. Lamina linear-elliptic to oblanceolate, acute to obtuse, (2.3-)4.6-9.6(-13.9) × (0.35-)0.50-0.88(-1.20) cm, margins rarely somewhat crenulate; lamina hairs whitish to pale red-brown, common to abundant everywhere, 0.5-1.2 mm long in sori, usually somewhat shorter on margin (0.2-0.6 mm long); texture thinly coriaceous; veins visible or not, sometimes raised on upper or lower surface in dried material; midrib raised on lower surface, concolorous with or darker than lamina. Sori oblong, oblique, in middle part of frond, 8-22 pairs, 1.5-5.0 × 1.0-1.5 mm. Soral vein not or slightly prolonged beyond sorus; basiscopic vein approaching margin, soral vein rarely almost equalling basiscopic vein. Sporangia (150-) 160.8-193.6(-240) mcm long; indurated cells of annulus (9-)9.9-12.3(-14). Spores (20-)23.5-27.3(-33) mcm diam.
G. ciliatae Col. affinis, fronde latiore et ubique pilis copiosis brevibus differt. Rhizoma erectum vel breviter repens; paleae pallide brunneae, lanceolatae vel anguste lanceolatae, acutae vel late acutae. 1.5-4.3 × 0.4-1.2 mm. Stipes indistinctus, fere ad basim alatus; Dili albidi vel pallide catanei, abundi, 0.4-1.6 mm longi. Lamina linearo-elliptica vel oblanceolata, acuta vel obtusa. (2.3-)4.6-9.6(-13.9) × (0.35-) 0.50-0.88 (-1.20) cm, raro margine leviter crenulata; pili albidi vel castanei, ubique frequentes vel abundi, 0.5-1.2 mm longi in soris, plerumque ad marginem parum breviores, 0.2- 0.6 mm longi; textura tenuiter coriacea; venae manifestae vel non; costa sub lamina prominens, concolor vel atrior quam lamina. Soji oblongi, obliqui, in medio parte frondis, 8-22 pares, 1.5-5.0 × 1.0-1.5 mm; vena sori non ultra sorum procurrens, raro paene vena basiscopica aequans, vena basiscopica ad marginem accedens. Sporangia (150-) 160.8—193.6 (-240) mcm longa; cellulae induratae annuli (9-)9.9- 12.3(-14). Sporae (20-)23.5-27.3(-33) mcm diametro.
Rhizome short-creeping; paleae pale brown, lanceolate, acute to broadly acute, 4.0-4.5 × 1.0 mm. Stipe indistinct, winged nearly to base; stipe hairs whitish, sparse to common, to 1.5 mm long. Lamina linear-oblanceolate, acute, (10.3-) 10.4-13.7 (-14.3) × (0.4-)0.45-0.55(-0.6) cm; hairs around and within the sori dark red-brown, stout, sometimes hooked, common to abundant, to 0.5 mm long; lamina hairs elsewhere rare, on margins and midrib, reddishbrown, to 0.4 mm; texture thinly coriaceous; veins invisible, endings not darkened; midrib raised on lower surface, concolorous with lamina. Sori oblong, oblique, in upper half of frond, 12—22 pairs, 3-5 × 1 mm; soral vein ending within sorus or extending a little beyond it, shorter than basiscopic vein, neither usually reaching margin. Sporangia (160-) 163.6-203.0 (-210) mcm long; indurated cells of annulus (10-) 10.8- 13.6(-14). Spores (23-)23.3-25.9(-27) mcm diam.
G. billardieri Willd.affinis, pilis crassis atrocastaneis circum et intra soros differt. Rhizoma breviter repens; paleae pallide brunneae, lanceolatae, acutae vel late acutae, 4.0-4.5 × 1.0 mm. Stipes indistinctus, fere ad basim alatus, pili albidi sparsi vel vulgares. Lamina linearo-oblanceolata, acuta, (10.3-)10.4-13.7(-14.3) × (0.4-)0.45-0.55(-0.6) cm; pili circum et intra soros atrocastanei, crassi, interdum uncinati, vulgares vel abundi, pili alibi castanei, rari, in margine et costa; textura tenuiter coriacea; venae non manifestae, extremae vernarum non fuscatae; costa sub lamina prominens, concolor lamina. Sori oblongi, in superiere parte frondis, 12-22 pares, 3-5 × 1 mm; vena sori in sorum terminans vel parum ultra procurrens, brevior quam vena basiscopica. non plerumque ad marginem accedens. Sporangia (160-)163.6-203.0(-210) mcm longa; cellulae induratae annuli (10-)10.8-13.6(-14). Sporae (23-)23.3- 25.9(-27) mcm diametro.
Small ferns, usually epiphytic, sometimes terrestrial or rupestral, usually of mossy forest. Rhizome erect or short-creeping or long-creeping, paleate, the paleae very rarely ciliate and rarely absent. Stipes glabrous, glabrescent or pilose, hairs unicellular, paleae very rarely present. Lamina usually simple, linear, lanceolate or oblanceolate, margin sometimes crenate, glabrous or pilose, hairs unicellular, very rarely multicellular, paleae absent, texture membranous to thickly coriaceous, veins free, sometimes with casual anastomoses near margin, usually forked, oblique to midrib; sori exindusiate, single on acroscopic vein branches (or on both acroscopic and basiscopic branches when veins much branched) usually in a single row on each side of the costa, globose to linear, rarely confluent at maturity, superficial to moderately immersed, sometimes deeply so. Sporangia nude or setose, stalk with one row of cells for most of its length, indurated cells of annulus 7-21. Spores with chlorophyll, globose-tetrahedral, trilete, sometimes germinating within the sporangium. Gametophyte elongate. Chromosome counts n = 33, 36, 37.

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KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GRAMMITIS IN NEW ZEALAND

1
Hairs present in and around sorus
2
Hairs absent from soral area
5
2
Rhizome usually long-creeping; fronds stipitate; sori in upper part of frond only, 1-12 pairs
Rhizome erect to short-creeping; fronds exstipitate; sori in upper and/or middle part of frond, 4-20 pairs
3
3
Soral hairs short (<0.5mm), stout, often hooked, other lamina hairs sparse or absent; lamina usually > 10 cm long
Soral hairs > 0.5 mm, slender, not hooked, other lamina hairs usually present; lamina usually < 10 cm long
4
4
Lamina usually 2.5-4.5 × 0.25-0.45 cm, marginal hairs scattered, same length as other lamina (but not soral) hairs
Lamina usually 4.5-9.5 × 0.5-0.9 cm, marginal hairs usually copious, shorter than other lamina hairs
5
Mature fronds essentially glabrous (sometimes with sparse multicellular hairs)
6
Mature fronds with unicellular hairs, at least on stipe
10
6
Lamina > 10 cm long; paleae > 8 mm long
Lamina <10cm long; paleae < 6 mm long
7
7
Rhizome erect; sori usually > 10 pairs 4. G. magellanica
8
Rhizome short-creeping to long-creeping; sori < 10 pairs
9
8
Plants usually colonial, fronds ± lax, vein endings often darkened (subantarctic islands)
Plants usually solitary, fronds ± erect, vein endings not darkened (mainland New Zealand)
9
Lamina usually 0.5-1.9 × 0.20-0.34 cm; sori usually <3 pairs, globose to subglobose, 1-3 mm long
Lamina usually 1.9-4.7 × 0.38-0.70 cm; sori usually > 3 pairs, subglobose to oblong, 2.0-6.5 mm long
10
Fronds usually markedly stipitate, lamina usually 1.9-4.7 cm long; rhizome usually long-creeping
Fronds ± exstipitate, usually 5.6-13.5 cm long; rhizome usually short-creeping

Reproduced with permission from New Zealand Journal of Botany and The Royal Society of New Zealand Te Apārangi.

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9c1a93b2-32c1-4ffa-9b6f-753b8bc89970
reference
Names_Plants
19 July 2005
23 November 2021
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