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Horak, E. 1980: New and remarkable Hymenomycetes from tropical forests in Indonesia (Java) and Australasia. Sydowia 33: 39-63.

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Horak, E. 1980: New and remarkable Hymenomycetes from tropical forests in Indonesia (Java) and Australasia. Sydowia 33: 39-63.
Sydowia
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Crucispora naucorioides E. Horak 1971
Material. - NEW ZEALAND: North Island, Coromandel Peninsula, Kauaeranga Valley, 5. VII. 1968, leg. HORAK (PDD 27001, holotype). - PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe district, Bulolo, Manki, 1350 m, 4. VII. 1973, leg. HORAK (ZT 73/304).
Habitat. - On soil or on rotten wood in forests (under Castanopsis-Lithocarpus-Ficus in Papua New Guinea). - New Zealand (type), Papua New Guinea.
All macro- and microscopic characters observed on the Papua New Guinean material correspond with those of the type. This is only just the second record of C. naucorioides so far believed to be endemic to New Zealand. Based upon this new information it is rather likely that one day this species is also collected in other localities within Australasia (i.e. New Caledonia, Australia). Since the second species in Crucispora (C. rhombisperma, see below) is known from Japan and Indonesia (Java) C. naucorioides could also be expected in Indomalaya and/or eastern Eurasia.
Descolea gunnii (Massee) E. Horak 1971
Material. - For New Zealand records see HORAK (1971b: 1. c.). - PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe district: Wau, Mt. Kaindi, 2300 m, 17. II. 1972, leg. HoRAK (ZT 72/147).
Habitat. - On soil in forests. - New Zealand (type), Papua New Guinea (under Nothofagus grandis, N. carrii).

This species is common in New Zealand where it is encountered under various ecologic conditions in coastal and submontane forests. D. gunnii (BERK.) occurs both in Leptospermum spp. and Nothofagus spp. forests and it is suspected to enter at least facultative ectotrophic mycorrhiza with those trees.

Knowing the wide ecologic range and adaptability of this agaric its presence in the Nothofagus forests of Papua New Guinea was no great surprise. That record enlarges the area of distribution from New Zealand to Papua New Guinea.

D. gunnii (BERK.) is closely related to D. recedens (COOKE & MASSEE) SINGER (cf. HORAK 1971 b : 241) until recently only recorded from its type locality in Australia (Mordiallac - now a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria). In 1977 WATLING observed this species in several places in New South Wales and Queensland and it appears now that D. recedens (COOKE & MASSEE) is a well established agaric in the forests of eastern and south-eastern Australia.

Macrocystidia reducta E. Horak & Capellano 1980
Pileus -30 mm, ovoid to subglobose when young, inrolled to incurved margin enclosing stipe near base, becoming pulvinate in aged specimens, never expanded or up-rolled margin; ochre-brown to orange-brown; dry, smooth to minutely velutinous, margin not striate, not hygrophanous, veil remnants absent. Lamellae adnexed to adnate, crowded, up to 4 mm wide, straight and not anastomosing ; pale pink-brown or pale red-brown, edge concolorous, fimbriate. Stipe -15X-4 mm, cylindric, rather short and stout, central; concolorous with pileus; dry, minutely velutinous all over, becoming fistulose, single in groups. Context pale orange, whitish towards the centre of pileus and stipe. Odour and taste unpleasant, like rotten fish, rancid. Chemical reactions on pileus : KOH- negative. Spore print not observed. Spores 7.5-10 X 4.5-5 µm, ovoid to ellipsoid, pale brown, smooth, inamyloid; membrane composed of 4 distinct layers (pl. 1, fig. 1, 2, 3) viz. rather thick endosporium followed by the strongly developed sclerosporium with apparent leptotunica, covered here and there by remnants of a loose perisporium (EM data kindly submitted by A. CAPELLANO, Lyon). Basidia 28-35x6-8 µm, 4-spored. Cheilo-, pleuro- and caulocystidia 40-90 X 15-30 µm, broadly fusoid with acute apex (awl-shaped), membrane thin-walled, pale yellow plasmatic pigment present. Cuticle a cutis of cylindric to oval cells (5-20 µm diam.), with numerous dermato-cystidia morphologically similar to cheilocystidia, grey-yellow (KOH) pigment dissolved in cell-sap. Clamp connections present.
Habitat. - On soil in forests (dominated by Podocarpus dacrydioides, P. ferrugineus, P. spicatus, Fuchsia excorticata, Melycitus ramiflorus). - New Zealand.
Pileus -30 mm, hemisphaericus vel ovoideus, marginem versus forte inflexus, ochraceobrunneus vel aurantiobrunneus, glabrus. Lamellae adnexae, rectae, carneobrunneae. Stipes -15 X-4 mm, cylindricus, conspicue brevis, pileo concolor, velutinus. Odor saporque pisciodori. Sporae 7.5-10 X 4.5-5 µm, ovoideae, dilute brunneae, leves, inamyloideae. Cystidia numerosissima, acutofusoidea. Ad terram in silvis. Novazelandia. Typus PDD 27160.

Macrocystidia JOSSERAND 1933 (HORAK 1968: 360) is a small genus of agarics which are chiefly characterized by pink to red-brown spore print, ellipsoid and smooth spores and conspicuous pointed cystidia occurring almost everywhere on the surface of the carpophores. These typical features are also found in M. reducta. However, the New Zealand representative is separated from related species by the sub-secotioid carpophores and the ochre-brown colour of pileus and stipe.

The particular micro-structure of the sporal membrane in Macrocystidia (M. cucumis, M. occidentalis; CAPELLANO 1976) suggested to examine also the spores of M. reducta. The EM-micrographs revealed that the spore wall is composed of the following distinct layers perisporium, leptotunica, sclerosporium and endosporium (pl. l, 1-3). This type of structure is also found in the remaining species of the genus and therefore M. reducta has to be considered a typical member of Macrocystidia.

Material. - NEW ZEALAND: South Island, Canterbury, Banks Peninsula, Kaituna Valley, 24. IV. 1968, leg. HORAK (PDD 27160, holotype; ZT 68/294, isotype).

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1cb0ffef-36b9-11d5-9548-00d0592d548c
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Names_Fungi
9 April 2001
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