Additional specimens examined: New Zealand. South Island. Westland: data as holotype, on bark of Fuchsia excorticata (J. R. & G. Forst.) Linn. f., 10 Apr. 1983, Samuels (83-189) & Petersen (PDD 46394). North Canterbury: Arthur's Pass Natl Park, Cockayne Nature Walk, on bark of Pseudopanax crassifolius (A. Cunn.) C. Koch, 20 May 1983, Samuels (83-154), Matsushima & Rossman (PDD 46334). Southland: Catlin's State Forest Park, Graham's Rd, Haldane Scenic Reserve, on bark of tree, 17 Apr, 1985, Samuels (85-22), Buchanan & Kohn (PDD 47770).

Teleomorph: Perithecia morphologically and anatomically identical to N. radicicola var. radicicola, 250-375 µm diam. Asci (65-) 68.3-92 (-105) x (10-) 13.5-18.5 (-20) µm, apex with a minute ring, often appearing simple, (4-) 8-spored. Ascospores broadly ellipsoidal to elliptic-fusiform, (17-)20.5-24.5 (-27) x (6-) 6.5-8.5-(-10) µm, equally 2-celled, not constricted at the septum, smooth, colourless, biseriate, completely filling the ascus or a small portion of the ascal base empty.
Anamorph: Not known from nature.
Colonies grown 7-10 d on PDA 7-10 into diam, barely spreading away from the inoculum. Aerial mycelium sparse or absent, colonies flat, or sometimes raised and wrinkled, waxy, white at first, becoming pale sienna to ochreous (Rayner 8 to 44) near the centre, similarly coloured from below. Conidiophores poorly defined, arising abundantly as lateral branches or terminations of hyphae, unbranched or loosely fasciculate, 50-80 µm long x 3-4 µm wide, each branch terminating in single conidiogenous cell. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, 17-45 x 3-4 µm. Macroconidia cylindrical, straight, ends obtuse, base round or often with a protuberant, flat, basal abscission scar, 1-6-septate, 3-septate macroconidia (30-) 39.2-54.8 (-75) x (5-) 5.7-8.3 (-12) µm. Microconidia and chlamydospores lacking.

Known distribution: New Zealand.

Habitat: On wood, including Fuchsia and Pseudopanax.

Nectriae radicicola similis sed ascosporis (17-) 20.5-24.5 (-27) x (6-) 6.5-8.5 (-10) µm.
Holotypus: New Zealand. South Island. Westland: Westland Natl Park, vic. Franz Josef, track to Lake Wombat, on bark of indet. tree, 10 Apr. 1983, Samuels (83-190) and Petersen (PDD 46395).
Status anamorphicus Cylindrocarpon austrodestructans Brayford & Samuels, sp. nov.
Fere Cylindrocarpon destructans sed microconidiis et chlamydosporis in culto agaro nullis et macroconidiis 3-septatis, (30-)39.2-54.8 (-75) x (5-) 5.7-8.3 (-12) µm.
Holotypus: ex culto agaro dessicato Nectriae austroradicicola, Samuels (83-190) & Petersen (PDD 46395). Collection data as teleomorph.

Specimens examined: Holotype. Teleomorph: New Zealand. North Island. Auckland: Waitemata City, Waitakere Ranges, off Anawhata Rd, on Coprosma australis (A. Rich.) Robinson, 16 Aug. 1947, Dingley (PDD 7472, as Nectria coprosmae). Anamorph: New Zealand. North Island. Auckland: Whangapona, dried culture ex Coprosma australis, Aug. 1954, Dingley (IMI 70014). New Zealand. North Island. Auckland: Riverhead State Forest along Ararimu Rd, on bark and roots of Coprosma sp., 2 Aug. 1973, Samuel, 73-152 (PDD 31884, culture as IMI 313224); Waitemata City, Waitakere Ranges, Marguerite Track, on Beilschmiedia tawa (A. Conn.) Kirk, 21. Mar. 1977, Samuels 77-17 (PDD 36655; cultures as ICMP 9341, IMI 313232); Auckland City, Hillsboro, Wattle Bay, on dead flowering stalk of Gahnia sp., 19 Aug. 1980, Samuels (80-95) & Holloway (PDD 41419, culture as IMI 313231). Northland: Bay of Islands County, Puketi Forest, vic. Forest Headquarters, Loop Track, on bark of tree, 2 Jun. 1986, Samuels (82-92) & Johnston (PDD 44311; cultures as ICMP 9344, IMI 313233); Hokianga County, Omahuta State Forest, Omahuta Kauri Sanctuary, on bark of Olearia sp., 10 May 1981, Samuels (81-99) & Horak (PDD 47917). Auckland: Waitemata City, Titirangi, on Beilschmiedia tawa (A. Cunn.) Kirk, May 1948, Dingley (PDD 7556, Holotype of Nectria tawa); Waitakere Ranges, Piha Rd, Cowan Track, on indet. tree, 4 June 1983, Samuels (83-132) & Rossman (PDD 46314); Cuttygrass Track, on bark and wood of Coprosma australis, 17 Dec. 1974, Dingley, Francis & Samuels (74-138) (PDD 34022). Waikato: vic. Te Awamutu, Mt Pirongia, on Ripogonum scandens J.R. & G. Forst., Apr. 1985, P. R. Johnston (PDD 47759, GJS 85-108). Gisborne; Urewera National Park, Lake Waikaremoana, track to Lake Ruapani, on bark of Weinmannia racemosa Linn. f., 31 May 1983, Samuels (83-178) et al. (PDD 46355); vic. Motor Camp, Tawa Loop Track, on bark, 13 May 1985, Samuels (85-65) & Kohn (PDD 47764). South Island. Buller: 22 km SE of Murchison P.O., on the Murchison-Maruia Saddle Rd, on Fuchsia excorticata (J.R. & G. Forst.) Linn. f., 7 May 1985, Samuels (85-57), Johnston & Kohn (PDD 47766). Westland: N of Hari Hari, Lake Mahinapua Walkway, on bark of indet, tree, 20 May 1983, Samuels (83-155), Matsushima & Rossman (PDD 46335; cultures as ICMP 9345, IMI 313240); Mt Aspiring Natl Park, Haast Pass, 30 km E of Haast Junction, Roaring Billy Forest Walk, on bark of Metrosideros sp., 28 Apr. 1985, Samuels (85-39) & Kohn (PDD 47767); 23 km E of Haast junction, along Gap Creek, on bark, 28 Apr. 1985, Samuels (85-33) & Kohn (PDD 47765); Westland Natl Park, Franz Josef, track to Lake Wombat, on bark, 10 Apr, 1983, Samuels (83-187) & Petersen (PDD 46364).

Teleomorph: Perithecia morphologically and anatomically identical to perithecia of N. radicicola var. radicicola but with distinct anamorph. Asci and ascospores resembling those of N. radicicola var. radicicola, ascospores (8-) 12 (-16) x (3-) 4-5 (-6) µm, averaging 11.3 ±1.33 x 4.3 ± 0.7 µm.
Anamorph: Cylindrocarpon destructans var. coprosmae (C. Booth) Brayford & Samuels, comb. nov.
Anamorph: Conidiophores in nature unbranched and monophialidic, forming in aerial mycelium, or forming penicillate fascicles on the surface of the substrate, 50-150 µm long, 4-6 m wide at the base. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, 20-75 µm long x 2 µm wide at the tip; apex with periclinal thickening and collarette. Microconidia found in nature oblong to ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 4-16.8 (-26^.5) x 2-4.4 (-6)µm, with or without a flat, protuberant basal abscission scar. Macroconidia found in nature cylindrical, straight, with a flat, protuberant basal abscission scar, 1-3-septate; 3-septate macroconidia (24-) 26.3-34.3 (-38) x (5-) 5.5-6.8 (-7) µm.
Colonies on PDA reaching 4-10 mm diam after 10 d at 20^°; aerial mycelium sparse to floccose, initially white, becoming beige to brown. Pigmentation of agar variable and dependent upon the strain; sometimes beige, often dark brown. Conidiophores arising abundantly from the aerial mycelium and from the surface of the agar; aerial conidiophores 40-80 µm long, unbranched and monophialidic or once branched, each branch terminating in a single phialide; conidiophores arising from the surface of the colony densely branched and fasciculate, each branch terminating in one to a few conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical or tapering slightly from base to tip, straight, (15-) 20-40 (-55) µm long x 3-4 µm wide at base x 2 µm wide at tip; apex with periclinal thickening, collarette flared or not. Microconidia cylindrical, ellipsoid, or ovoid, 5-15 x 4-6 µm, base with a protuberant flat abscission scar, 0-1-septate, colourless, collecting in slimy colourless droplets at the tip of each phialide. Macroconidia arising in pionnotes from densely branching clusters of conidiophores; phialides from irregularly branching clusters of cells bearing cylindrical phialides with periclinal thickening and sometimes a flared tip. Macroconidia forming in a layer of slime on the surface of the agar, typically straight, but sometimes curved, cylindrical with obtuse apex and protruding basal abscission scar, colourless, 1-5-septate, but most 3-septate when grown in agar culture. Three-septate conidia on PSA or SNA (25-) 28.3-37.7 (-45) x (4-) 4.7-6.3 (-7.5) µm. Distinct chlamydospores not formed, but in old cultures brown, swollen vegetative hyphae without thickened walls may occur.

Known distribution: New Zealand (North and South Islands).

Habitat: On many different woody and herbaceous plants including Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae), Coprosma (Rubiaceae), Fuchsia (Onagraceae), Olearia (Asteraceae), Ripogonum (Smilacaceae), Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae), and on the tree fern Cyathea medullaris (Forst. f.) Bernh.

Additional specimens examined: New Zealand. North Island. Taranaki: Inglewood County, Everett Park, on base of dead leaf of Cordyline sp., I Oct, 1973, G.J. & C. Samuels 73-216 (PDD 32662). Gisborne: Urewera National Park, Lake Waikaremoana, track to Lake Waikariiti, on decaying leaves of Astelia sp., 29 May 1983, Samuels (83-162), Johnston, Matsushima & Rossman (PDD 46340, culture as IMI 313234); same collecting data and host, 11 May 1985, Samuels (85-59) & Kohn (PDD 47760, ICMP 9349, IMI 332705).

Teleomorph: Perithecia identical to those of N. radicicola, 220-280 µm diam. Asci clavate, (42-) 47.9-64 (-80) x (6-) 6.2-7.9 (-9) µm, apex with a refractive ring, 8-spored, ascospores partially to completely 2-seriate, completely filling each ascus or a portion of each ascal base empty. Ascospores narrowly ellipsoidal, (9-)9.6-11.6(-12) x (2-)2.7-3.3(-3.5) µm, equally 2-celled, not constricted at the septum, smooth, colourless.
Anamorph: Conidiophores in nature arising directly from the surface of the substrate, macronematous, mononematous, 60-625 long x 2-5 µm, wide at tip x 4-7 µm wide at base, unbranched, septate, with a single phialide 65-75 µm long terminating each conidiophore. Conidia cylindrical with tip cell blunt or narrowed, (52-) 62-93 (-105) x (5-) 7.9-10.7 (-11), often with a slightly protuberant, flat basal abscission scar, (4-)7(-10)-septate, held in a colourless mass of slime at the tip of each conidiophore.
Colonies on PDA 50-55 mm diam after 10 d at 20^°, with white to buff aerial mycelium, or becoming flat and slimy in appearance. Cultures becoming sienna to cinnamon from below, with pale margin. Conidiophores forming abundantly on small, colourless sporodochia, scattered on the agar surface, and in the aerial mycelium, macronematous, 40-155 µm long x 1-4 µm wide at tip x 3-5 µm wide at base, unbranched, septate, with a single phialide 38-50 µm long terminating each conidiophore. Macroconidia straight or slightly curved, cylindrical with obtuse ends and often having a protruding basal abscission scar, 3-5 (-7)-septate; 3-septate conidia ranging from (30-) 38-52 (-81) x (4-) 5-7 (-8) µm. Microconidia sparse or absent. Distinct mycelial chlamydospores not observed.

Known distribution: New Zealand (North Island).

Habitat: On dead leaves of Astelia, Collospermum and Cordyline.

Omnia var. radicicolae Gerlach & Nilsson sed statu anamorphico differt, coloniis in agaro pallidis dein reversis senatis vel cinnamomeis et conidiis (30-)38-52(-81) x (4-)5-7(-6) µm.
Holotypus: New Zealand. North Island. Waikato: vic. Te Awamutu, Mt Pirongia, track to Mahaukura, on leaves of Collospermum hastatum (Col.) Skottsb., 27 Aug, 1979, G.J. & C. Samuels 79-97 (PDD 40005, culture ex type as IMI 313230).
Status anamorphicus Cylindrocarpon macroconidialis Brayford & Samuels, sp. nov.
Cylindrocarpo destructi similis sed coloniae in agaro pallidae dein reversis senatis vel cinnamomeis et conidiis (30-) 38-52(-8 1) x (4-) 5-7 (-8) µm.
Holotypus: IMI 313230, culto agaro dessicato, ex ascosporae Nectriae radicicola var. macroconidiali 79-97. Collection data as teleomorph.

The teleomorph of N. radicicola var. macroconidialis cannot be distinguished morphologically from that of N. radicicola var. radicicola. However, the distinctive anamorph was found on all four of the specimens of the large-conidial variety, thus making its identification easy. The dark, chestnut brown pigmentation found in cultures of C. destructans was not observed. Isolate IMI 332705 (PDD 47760) formed much larger conidia in culture than did any of the other isolates of this variety, including IMI 313234 (PDD 46340) collected in the same locality and on the same substrate but two years earlier. Cylindrocarpon theobromicola C. Booth may form similarly sized macroconidia but they arise from short, irregularly branching, densely clustered conidiophores rather than the elongated conidiophores found in C. macroconidialis.