ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: THREE KINGS IS: Great King I., on Kunzea ericoides, E. E. Chamberlain, Jan 1952, PDD 11360, 11378. NORTHLAND: vic. Brynderwyn, farmland adjacent Highway 1 about 2 km south of Brynderwyn, on dead standing K. ericoides, P. K. Buchanan 95/146, L. Ryvarden, 12 Apr 1995, PDD 66284; Waipoua Kauri Forest, on Beilschmiedia tawa, G. B. Rawlings, Dec 1951, PDD 10988; Waipoua Kauri Forest, on Rhopalostylis sapida, G. B. Rawlings, Mar 1940, PDD 4254. AUCKLAND: Hunua Ranges, Waharau Regional Park, on log of ?Nothofagus truncata, P. K. Buchanan 91/032, 16 May 1991, PDD 60307; Hunua Ranges Water Reserve, vic. Mangatangi Dam, on fallen wood, C. Tanaka, P. K. Buchanan 89/003, 1 Feb 1989, PDD 57405. WAIKATO: Waikaretu, 500 ft [ 150 m], on K. ericoides, E. E. Chamberlain, May 1965, PDD 17267. BAY OF PLENTY: Mt Te Aroha, track from Te Aroha Domain, on fallen wood, J. M. Trappe, 30 Apr 1988, PDD 48746. WELLINGTON: Days Bay, on Nothofagus fusca, G. B. Rawlings, 1946, PDD 5680. AUSTRALIA, NEW SOUTH WALES: Sydney, Lane Cove, on unknown host, Miss Langdon, May 1955, PDD 15116.

BASIDIOCARPS annual, imbricate, distinctly pileate to effused-reflexed; individual pilei broadly attached, semicircular to elongated along substrate and then often confluent with adjacent pilei, sometimes arising from broad effused parts (e.g., to 13 x 4 cm), usually convex with margin blunt to sharp and slightly in-curved, to 6 cm across, 4.5 cm radius, 12 mm thick; pileus surface white when fresh, drying pale brown (73.p.OY - 76.1y Br) or somewhat darker in old herbarium specimens, typically with margin (less often other parts) bruised reddish brown, weakly concentrically sulcate, glabrous to sometimes scrupose with brown, agglutinated bundles of hyphae which may become adpressed to surface; pore surface concolourous with upper surface, bruising greyish-brown (79.1.gy.y Br), in older herbarium specimens distinctly brown to reddish brown (58.m Br - 46.gy.r Br) and then hard and appearing resinous; pores angular, with thin dissepiments, 1-3 per mm; tubes concolourous with pore surface, to 7 mm long; context cream, homogeneous, distinctly paler than tubes in specimens with reddish brown tubes, to 5 mm thick; cortex absent. Odour of sweet spice. HYPHAL SYSTEM pseudo-dimitic in trama and context; generative hyphae of two morphologies: (a) hyaline, thin-walled, branched, clamped, mostly 2.5 µm diam. in trama, 2.5-4.5 µm diam. in context; (b) sclerified hyphae skeletal-like, abundant in trama and context, thick-walled (to 1.5 µm) to solid, sparingly branched, arising from thin-walled generative hyphae separated by a clamp, with very sparse clamp connections, 2.5-4.5 µm diam. in context, slightly narrower in trama; hyphae acyanophilous, IKI-, CB-. CYSTIDIA absent, but fusoid cystidioles occasionally seen (e.g., 17 x 3 µm). BASIDIA clavate, short-clavate in older parts of tube, those towards tube mouth tending to be basally elongated, 13-23 x 3.7-5.8 µm, clamped at base, 4-sterigmate. BASIDIOSPORES hyaline, allantoid to cylindrical, smooth- and thin-walled, acyanophilous,. IKI-, 5.5-8(-9) x 2-3 µm. WOOD ROT white.

DISTRIBUTION: In New Zealand, widespread in the North island including northern offshore islands. A single specimen is here recorded from Australia, but the species may well be relatively common there.

SUBSTRATA: Known from dead wood of a range of native angiosperm hosts, most commonly collected on Leptospermum and Kunzea (Myrtaceae).

Basidiomata annua, pileata, sessilia, effusa reflexa pileus leves ad scruposus, albus ad pallide brunnew^, pori fascies albus ad pallide brunneus, pori 1-3 per mm, tubi concolorous, contextus cremeus, system hypharum pseudo-dimiticum, hyphae generatoria fibulatae, 2.5-4.5 µm latae, interdum tunicis ad 1.5 µm crassis, cystidia nulla, basidia clavatae 13-23 x 3.7-5.8 µm, 4 sterigmatibus, basidiosporae allantoideae vel cylindricae, hyalinae, tenuitunicatae, 5.5-8(-9) x 2-3 µm. Cariem album in ligno producit.

ETYMOLOGY: cunninghamii, in honour of Gordon Herriot Cunningham (1892-1962), foremost New Zealand basidiomycete mycologist.
NOTES: The pale-coloured, effused-reflexed to pileate basidiocarps, wide pores, margin bruising reddish brown, and spicy odour, in conjunction with the pseudo-dimitic hyphal system and rather large allantoid spores, serve to separate this species from others in Diplomitoporus. While most species in this genus have a regularly dimitic hyphal system, the pseudo-dimitic D. cunninghamii is placed here in preference to the white rot, monomitic genus Ceriporiopsis Domariski. The latter contains species with resupinate basidiocarps composed of thin-walled generative hyphae. Apart from rare clamps on the thick-walled to solid skeletal-like hyphae of D. cunninghamii, these hyphae appear very similar to those of Diplomitoporus species. Variation in the hyphal system within the genus is already apparent in D. overholtsii (Pilat) Gilb. & Ryvarden with branched ends of skeletal hyphae resembling binding hyphae (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986). Further more, allantoid spores of D. cunninghamii are common to several members of Diplomitoporus
Cunningham (1965) treated this species incorrectly as Tyromyces mollis (Pers.: Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar (= Leptoporus mollis (Pers.: Fr.) Quel., a species differing in having simple septate hyphae, smaller pores and spores, and causing a brown rot (Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993). Old herbarium specimens of D. cunninghamii have resin-soaked, conspicuously darker tubes than those of recent collections. The colour contrast of tubes and context in these old specimens is a feature common with L. mollis. Cunningham provided a good description, although we observed spores to be somewhat larger than he reported (cf. 4-6 x 1.5-2 µm), and we did not observe "freely branched ...binding hyphae"; presumably the latter are the hyphae which we interpret as sclerified generative hyphae.

HOLOTYPUS: New Zealand, Northland, Poor Knights I., Aorangi, Oneho Hill, on dead wood of Leptospermum scoparium, R. E. Beever 381, 29 Aug 1984, PDD 62085.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MID CANTERBURY: Craigieburn Forest Park, Lyndon Saddle Track, on Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides, P. Clinton, P. K Buchanan 95/266, 15 Nov 1996, PDD 66487; no collecting data, on dead wood, G. B. Rawlings, PDD 6597.

BASIDIOCARPS probably annual, triquetrous to dimidiate, sometimes lobed; to 4.5 cm across, 4 cm radius and 2.5 cm thick; margin sharp; pileus surface glabrous or scrupose, concentrically zonate, orange-brown (58.m Br- 55.s Br) with several to few bands of dark grey; tubes to 9 mm long, yellow-brown to greyish-brown (76.1y Br- 80.gy.y Br), darker than context, non-stratose; pore surface pale brown (76.1y Br), discolouring with age to brown (75.deep.y Br), pores 2-5 per mm, mouths even or sometimes irregularly drawn out; context bright yellow-brown (72.d.OY - 74.s.y Br), paler than tubes, fibrous, to 10 mm thick, bounded above by a narrow dark band beyond which is a contrasting reddish brown tomentum; granular core basally present in context (though perhaps difficult to discriminate), arising towards point of attachment, with context tissue appearing slightly darker and denser and sometimes weakly flecked with spots of paler tissue. HYPHAL SYSTEM monomitic, though with branched hyphae resembling binding hyphae; generative hyphae brown, in context 3.5-8.5 µm diam., thick-walled to almost solid, wall thickened to 2.5 µm, simple septate with septa widely spaced, straight and mostly sparingly branched but with occasional narrower side-branches contorted and branched terminally; in granular core hyphae often wavy to contorted with convoluted and inflated apices to 12.5(-19.5) µm across, with walls thickened and brown, also with narrower, hyaline to brown, frequently branched hyphae 2.5-3.5 µm diam.; in trama hyphae straight, narrower than in context, 3-5.5 ltm diam. with wall thickened to 1.5 µm; at pileus surface hyphae as in context but with more frequent septa; setal hyphae absent. HYMENIAL SETAE brown, short ventricose with straight pointed apex, thick-walled except in newly formed setae near tube mouth, embedded in hymenium or projecting slightly beyond, 16-30 x 7.5-13.5 µm. BASIDIA subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, sometimes constricted towards apical region, 4-sterigmate (sterigmata to 3.5 µm long), septation at base not seen, 14-16 x 8-10.5 µm, typically viewed in preparations as either immature or collapsed during or following spore development. BASIDIOSPORES oval to broadly ellipsoid; in actively sporulating tubes spores hyaline, smooth, apiculus small or not evident, IKI-, with wall thickened to 1 µm, 6.7-9.2 x 5-6.3 µm; spores on pileus surface of some collections and in tubes of overmature pilel hyaline to light brown, mostly with a single large guttule and with wall thickened to 2 µm, 7.5-10.5 x 5.5-7.5(-8.5) µm. WOOD ROT not recorded.

New Zealand: Mid Canterbury. Australia: Victoria, South Australia.

SUBSTRATA: Known in New Zealand only from dead wood of Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides.

NOTES: This species is newly recorded from New Zealand. Walters (1955, as Inonotus dryadeus (Pers.: Fr.) Murrill) and Pegler (1964a) provided full descriptions, reporting conspicuous features including the granular core at the base of the context, presence of setae, and thick-walled spores. In New Zealand collections the basal granular core is easily over-looked macroscopically, but differences in hyphal microstructure of the core and context are evident when comparing microscope preparations of these tissues. Australian collections (PDD 12402, 13215, 16485, 16486, 20151) show a prominent core, and pilei are much larger, to 11 cm across, 7.5 cm radius, and 7 cm thick.
The thickness and colour of spore walls appear to gradually change with age of spores; younger spores present in tubes are hyaline and noticeably thinner walled (Fig. 7A) than older spores from the pileus surface or from overmature pilei (Fig. 7B, 8B), which varied in wall colour from hyaline to light brown.
Although the context has a layer separating it from the pileus surface, a feature diagnostic of Cyclomyces Fr., we follow Ryvarden (1991) and consider the species to belong in Inonotus P. Karst. on account of its robust fruit-body and large spores. The narrow, contorted, branched generative hyphae in the context are reminiscent of coltricioid hyphal construction as described by Corner (1991, fig. 11 right, fig. 30).
In Australia, where this species is known as the Austral Dryad, pilei are reported to develop from large swellings high up on trunks of Eucalyptus spp., often several pilei growing together. When fresh, pilei are of light weight and in active growth exude reddish droplets from the upper surface (Marks et al. 1982).
Inonotus chondromyelus is reported to be common in Victoria and South Australia (Walters 1955), but is known in New Zealand from only two collections. Along with several Australian collections, Cunningham (1965) mistakenly assigned his single New Zealand collection to I. rheades (Pers.) P.Karst. (as (Pers.) Bondartsev & Singer). I. rheades is a Northern Hemisphere species, restricted to Populus spp., which resembles I. chondromyelus in having granular core and a similar hyphal structure but differs in lacking setae and in spore size, 5-6 x 3.5-4 µm (Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993). From I. dryadeus, the name earlier used in Australia for specimens of I. chondromyelus (e.g., Walters 1955), the latter differs in the presence of a granular core ellipsoid rather than subglobose spores, and straight not curved setae (Pegler 1964a).
Reid (1967) corrected Cunningham's (1965) mistaken synonymy of the names Polyporus albertii Lloyd (= Phaeolus albertinii (Lloyd) Reid) and Polyporus victoriensis Lloyd (= I. victoriensis (Lloyd) Pegler) under I. rheades; both are distinct species. Reid also expressed doubt that I. rheades occurs in Australasia, but in error cited the Australian species I. pirisporus Pegler as the correct name for collections labelled I. rheades by Cunningham. I. pirisporus is distinguished by its apiculate spores and absence of setae and of a granular core (Pegler 1964a, 1964b), and has not been recorded from New Zealand. I. victoriensis, described from Australia, differs in lack of a granular core, much larger pilei than those of I. chondromyelus, a loose hyphal structure in the context, and a well differentiated pilear crust (Pegler 1964b).
The only recorded New Zealand host, Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides, is also host to a common Inonotus species, I. nothofagi G.Cunn. (Cunningham 1965) which in the field might be confused with I. chondromyelus. I. nothofagi can be distinguished by the typically radially striate, often confluent pilei, absence of a granular core, and smaller, brown spores, 4.7-5.5 x 3.4-4.4 µm, with spore wall thickened to only 0.5 µm. Among 22 New Zealand collections labelled I. nothofagi in PDD, no collections of I. chondromyelus were found.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: NEW ZEALAND: AUCKLAND: Henderson, off Spragg's Hill Rd, on Dacrydium cupressinum, J. M. Dingley, Mar 1947, PDD 5391. BAY OF PLENTY: Opotiki, on Nothofagus truncata, G. B. Rawlings, 27 Nov 1951, NZFRI 1759. AUSTRALIA: VICTORIA: Ferntree Gully, Dandenong Range, D. Jones, 19 May 1965, K. TASMANIA: L. Rodway (K, holotype of Polyporus tasmanicus Massee 1899, non Berk. 1860).

BASIDIOCARPS annual, infundibuliform to convex arising from a contracted base or more broadly attached, margin down-curved, up to 5.5 cm across, 5 cm from base to margin, 8 mm thick; pileus surface wrinkled, light brown (57.1 Br) to brown (58.m.Br), glabrous except for numerous scattered agglutinated bundles of hyphae (appearing macroscopically as tiny spots) appressed or erect, to almost 1 mm long; pore surface yellowish brown (76.1y Br- 72.d.OY) except at margin where pores are more reddish (46.gy.r Br), or pores appearing resinous throughout and then darker reddish brown (20.d.gy.Red) contrasting with the pale context; pores angular to convoluted, tending to be radially arranged especially on ascending parts of contracted base, 1-2 per mm, with dissepiments sometimes fimbriate at edge, extending over whole surface of contracted base; tubes concolorous, rather brittle, especially when appearing resinous, to 3.5 mm long; context cream, homogeneous, to 5 mm thick, of loose texture; cortex of dense texture, brown, 100-200 µm thick. Pileus and pore surfaces stain cherry red on application of 3% KOH, and colour is persistent; context tissue stains less intensely or not at all with KOH. HYPHAL SYSTEM dimitic in trama; tramal generative hyphae with clamps, hyaline, thin-walled, 2-3 µm diam.; tramal binding hyphae hyaline, at widest 4.5 µm diam., with wall thickened to 1.2 µm, branches tapering gradually; appearing monomitic in context, with hyphae ribbon-like, sparsely clamped, up to 12 µm diam. with wall to 1 µm thick; conducting hyphae as wide unbranched lengths of generative hyphae staining strongly in phloxine mountant; cortex formed from a compressed layer of hyphae oriented parallel to pileus surface, comprising flattened, ribbon-like generative hyphae to 10 µm diam. (though mostly 3.5-4.5 µm diam.) and thick-walled (to 2 µm) hyphae, 3-7 µm diam. which are sparingly branched and appear to lack clamps. CYSTIDIA absent. BASIDIA clavate, clamped at base, 30-39 x 7-11 µm, 4-sterigmate, with sterigmata approx. 6 µm long. BASIDIOSPORES elongate-ellipsoid, often with a slight depression near apiculus on adaxial surface, hyaline, smooth-walled, IKI-, abundant, in tubes typically nonseptate but rarely to occasionally 1- or 2-septate, on pileus surface at least some are 1-3-septate, rarely tending to disarticulate at septa, 11-18.5 x 4.3-6.2 µm. WOOD ROT white.

New Zealand: Auckland, Bay of Plenty. Australia: Victoria, Tasmania.

SUBSTRATA: Known from dead wood of ?Dacrycarpus daerydioides, Dacrydium cupressinum, and Nothofagus truncata.

Basidiomata stipitata, pileus circularis, umbilicatus, brunneus, leves, pori fascies flavus ad pallide brunneus, pori 1-2 per mm, tubi concolorous, contextus cremus, systema hypharum dimiticum, hyphae generatoriae fibulatae, 2-3 µm latae, hyphae conjuctivae tortuosae, ramosae, crassitunicatae, 2-4.5 µm latae, cystidia nulla, basidia clavatae 30-39 x 7-11 µm, 4 sterigmatibus, basidiosporae cylindrcae ad ellipsoideae, aliquot septatae, hyalinae, tenuitunicatae, 11-18.5 x 4.3-6.2 µm. Cariem album in ligno producit.

ETYMOLOGY: septosporus, referring to septation evident in a minority of basidiospores.
NOTES: This species is separated from all other members of Polyporus by the red reaction of tissue at the pileus and pore surfaces to KOH, and by the septate basidiospores. The red reaction was conspicuous in both fresh and dried material of the holotype, and was less clear though still evident in the darker-coloured dried specimens in PDD 5391. In NZFRI 1759 the coloration with KOH was reddish brown and less distinct than in the holotype.
To our knowledge this species is the first member of the Aphyllophorales to be described with septate basidiospores. Septate spores were readily observed on the pileus surface of the holotype (Fig. 6B,C), where they outnumber nonseptate spores, but they are rare in tubes of that specimen. Septate spores are rare on the pileus surface of PDD 5391 and NZFRI 1759, and were not seen in tubes.
Cunningham (1965) identified PDD 5391 as Tyromyces udus (Jungh.) G.Cunn. (bas. Polyporus udus Jungh.), and mistakenly described hyphae with simple septa; he did not report septate basidiospores. P. udus resembles P. septosporus in pore, basidium, and spore dimensions but, in addition to distinguishing features mentioned above, differs in being distinctly stipitate and having a different hyphal composition (e.g., dimitic context) (Nunez & Ryvarden 1995). P. udus is tropical in distribution and is not known from New Zealand. The identity of two other collections cited by Cunningham (1965) as Tyromyces udus was not determined.
The holotype (K) of Polyporus tasmanicus Massee 1899, non Berk. 1860 is closely similar to P. septosporus in microscopic features, although septate spores were not seen. Massee (1899) reported that his species occurred on the ground, whereas P. septosporus is lignicolous. Cunningham (1950) identified Massee's material as Polyporus pes-caprae (Pers.) Fr. (= Albatrellus pes-caprae (Pers.: Fr.) Pouzar), but the latter differs in features such as the fleshy fruit-body, monomitic hyphal system with inflated hyphae, and mycorrhizal habit.

HOLOTYPUS: New Zealand, Auckland, vic. Bethels Beach, on dead wood in pile of wood at base of Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, J. E. Braggins, 15 Mar 1986 (PDD 66261).

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: NORTHLAND: Waipoua, on Agathis australis, M. E. Lancaster, Dec 1951, PDD 10983. AUCKLAND: Clevedon, on dead wood, J. M. Dingley, Aug 1949, PDD 7755. STEWART ISLAND: Ulva Inlet, on Dacrydium cupressinum, J. M. Dingley, Feb 1954, PDD 13456; vic. Halfmoon Bay, Garden Mound Scenic Reserve, P. K Buchanan 85/219, R. Block, 23 Apr 1985, PDD 53440; Paterson Inlet, Charity I., on Weinmannia racemosa, P. K. Buchanan 85/235, R. Block, 24 Apr 1985, PDD 53835.

BASIDIOCARPS annual, resupinate, to 8 x 10 cm, to 2.5 mm thick; pore surface cream to pale yellow-brown (73.p.OY); margin white, thinning out and in places extended into white branched rhizomorphs; rhizomorphs also developing from context and then ramifying under bark of host, to 0.5 mm diam.; pores angular, sometimes with velutinate mouths, mostly 2-5 per mm but in places much wider, to 2 mm across especially when developing on near-vertical surfaces; tubes to 2 mm long, concolorous with pores; context white, narrow, of loose composition. HYPHAL SYSTEM monomitic; generative hyphae hyaline, clamped, IKI-, non-metachromatic in cresyl blue, non-cyanophilous, 2.5-4 µm diam., rarely with portions inflated to 8 µm, with wall thin or thickened to 0.5 µm, with encrusting crystalline material, en crustation sometimes particularly dense on hyphae of the rhizomorphs and in some specimens present on all hyphae except those of the subhymenium and hymenium. CYSTIDIAL ELEMENTS arising directly at right angles from generative hyphae and subtended at base by a clamp, consisting of a thin-walled clavate structure with apex inflated, resembling immature basidia, e.g., 14-21 x 6.5-10.5 µm, supporting a refractive, globose to subglobose head of dense resinous or wax-like material 9-15 µm diam. apparently enclosed within a membrane, in most specimens abundant on hyphae in context and also present, though smaller and less well developed, on hyphae in trama and in rhizomorphs; supporting cell sometimes lacking a resinous head, possibly representing an immature stage. BASIDIA broadly clavate to ellipsoid, 4-sterigmate, basally clamped, 12.5-18 x 6-8 µm. BASIDIOSPORES subglobose, hyaline, smooth- and thin-walled, IKI-, with prominent apiculus, 4-5(-6) x 3.5-4.3 µm. WOOD ROT brown.

Northland, Auckland, Stewart Island.

SUBSTRATA: Known from dead wood of Agathis australis, Dacrydium cupressinum, and Weinmannia racemosa.

Basidiomata resupinata, pori fascies cremea ad pallide brunneus, pori 2-5 per mm, tubi concolorous, contextus albus, systema hypharum monomiticum, hyphae generatoriae fibulatae, 2.5-4 µm latae, cystidia clavatae, tenuitunicatae, capitatae, basidia clavatae 12.5-18 x 6-8 µm, 4 sterigmatibus, basidiosporae subglobosae, hyalinae, tenuitunicatae, 4-5 x 3.5-4.3 µm. Cariem brunneam in ligno producit.

ETYMOLOGY: globicystidia, referring to the globose to subglobose head of cystidial elements arising from generative hyphae.
NOTES: Cunningham (1965) included specimens of this species among material which he identified as Poria albolutescens (= Anomoporia albolutescens (Romell) Pouzar). Postia globicystidia shares several features with A. albolutescens including small ellipsoid spores, crystal-encrusted hyphae, and a brown rot (Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993), but differs in having inamyloid spores, white rather than distinctly yellow rhizomorphs, and resinous cystidial elements. Cunningham's concept of A. albolutescens is based on discordant elements. Among his cited material we have also identified the white rot species Ceriporiopsis myceliosa (Peck) Ryvarden & Gilb. and a species of Antrodia P.Karst. or Diplomitoporus.
The cystidial elements (Fig. 1D, 2B) are a conspicuous feature of recent collections (e.g., PDD 53835, 53440, 66386) but are rare in older material (e.g., PDD 7755, 10983, 13456). They are most readily seen in the context, but also may occur in the trama and on hyphae of rhizomorphs. The nature of the apical resinous material is unknown, but it appears to be wax-like in KOH (and may crack when mounted under pressure), resinous in lactophenol, and dissolves or dissipates in Melzers' reagent, leaving behind an empty sphere bounded by an apparent membrane. The overall structure superficially resembles a stephanocyst, though lacking the characteristic frill of teeth at the apex of the supporting cell. In form it is similar to resinous cystidial elements described for species of Hvphoderma Wallr. (Eriksson & Ryvarden 1975, pp. 502, 510). Heavy encrustation of hyphae (Fig. 2C) in collections such as PDD 13456 may obscure these elements. Crystalline encrustation on hyphae is insoluble in KOH and Melzers' reagent.

HOLOTYPUS: New Zealand, Northland, Trounson Kauri Park, on Agathis australis, P. K. Buchanan 95/ 115, L. Ryvarden, 10 Apr 1995 (PDD 66386).