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Hughes, S.J. 1965: New Zealand fungi. 3. Catenularia Grove. New Zealand Journal of Botany 3(2): 136-150.

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Hughes, S.J. 1965: New Zealand fungi. 3. Catenularia Grove. New Zealand Journal of Botany 3(2): 136-150.
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COLLECTIONS: On rotten wood, Auckland Prov. (1, 2) Walker Bush, Henderson Valley, Waitakere Ranges, 30.I.1963, PDD 20523 (type) (DAOM 93562), DAOM 93561; (3) Summit of Whitianga Road, Coromandel Peninsula, 21.VIII.1963, DAOM 93569c.

Colonies form a sparse, black growth composed of phialophores and capitate hyphae. Mycelium immersed, composed of pale brown to brown, branched, septate hyphae 2.5-3.5 µm wide. Round the bases of phialophores are found dark brawn cells in the form of small stromata, and hyphae radiate from these into the substratum. Capitate hyphae are solitary and scattered or more usually they accompany the phialophores ; they are simple, mostly straight, erect, brown to dark brawn below, pale brown to subhyaline toward the apex, 2-4-septate, 60-170 µm long, slightly swollen at the base, then 7 µm wide and tapering gradually to 4-5 µm just below the barely swollen apex, which bears a hyaline cap of (?)mucilage. They may have one or rarely two intercalary swellings.

Phialophores are scattered, usually solitary, sometimes in tufts of 2 to 6; they are simple, mostly straight, erect, dark brown below, pale brown toward the apex, 3-6-septate, 200-330 µm long, with a basal swelling 13-17 µm wide; above the swelling they are more or less cylindrical and 8-10 µm wide. The apical cell is a cylindrical phialide provided with a more or less cuneate, pale brown collarette 19-40 µm long and 25-28 µm wide at the distal end where the wall is very thin and irregularly frayed. Phialides may proliferate through the. collarette to produce a series of up to 5 phialides.
Phialospores develop singly and successively within the collarette to form a chain of up to seven, or to form a cluster round the collarette. Mature phialospores are continuous, smooth, more or less narrowly and rounded-¬obconic, truncate at the basal scar, usually rounded at the apex. When viewed from above the phialospores are seen to be angular with 2 or 3, usually 3, blunt corners. At each corner is seen a small, circular, thin and pale area of cell wall which presumably functions as a germ pore. Phialospores are brown to dark brown, thick-walled (up to 4 µm), 27-45 µm long, 16-8-24 µm wide at the distal end and 7 to 10 µm wide at the flattened base. Occasionally a phialospore is rounded at the distal end with a solitary, circular, thin¬-walled area at the apex.

Habitat in ligno putrido.

Coloniae effusae, atrae, ex phialophoribus et hyphis capitatis compositae. Mycelium immersum, ex hyphis pallide brunneis vel brunneis, 2.5-3.5 µm lat. compositum. Hyphae capitatae 2-4-septatae, 60-170 µm long., basi brunneae vel atrobrunneae, 7 µm lat., apicem versus pallide brunneae vel subhyalinae, ad 3-4 µm attenuatae, dein in capitem paullum inflatum, interdum tunica (?)mucosa, praeditum. Phialophora solitaria vel ad 6 in floccis aggregata, simplicia, recta, basi atrobrunnea, apicem versus pallidiore, 3-6-septata, plus minusve cylindrica, 8-10 µm lat., dein in phialidam cylindricam terminata. Strophium cuneato-infundibuliforme, conspicuum, 19-40 µm alt., 25-28 µm lat. Proliferat phiala per strophium et phialam novam gerat; ita series linearis phialidarum usque ad 5 nata. Phialospora brunnea vel atrobrunnea, rotundato-obconica, basi truncata, apice plerumque 3-angulata, 27-45 µm long., 16.8-24 µm lat., sive catenulata sive circa strophium aggregata.

Typus in ligno putrido, New Zealand, Auckland Province, Walker Bush, Henderson Valley, Waitakere Ranges, 30.I.1963, PDD 20523 (DAOM 93562).;

On rotten wood and bark of (1) Dacrydium cupressinum, Westland, Lake Ianthe, Pukekura, 8.IV.1963, J.M.D., DAOM 93580b; (2) Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides, Wellington Prov., Whakapapanui Track, Tongariro National Park, 5.III.1963, DAOM 93326a; (3) Vitex lucens, Auckland Prov., Cascade Kauri Park, Swanson, 18.IX.1963, J.M.D., DAOM 93574. On rotten wood (4,5) Auckland Prov., Mangorewa Gorge, 20.III.1963, J.M.D., DAOM 93559, S.J.H., PDD 20676 (type) (DAOM 93560a).

In September 1961 Dr W. B. Kendrick made 2 collections of this fungus on rotten wood in Mount Seymour National Park, B.C., Canada (DAOM 90911, 90912).

Colonies form a sparse, tufted or velutinous, black growth of phialophores and capitate hyphae.Mycelium immersed, composed of pale brown to brown, branched, septate hyphae 2.5-3.5 µm wide. Round the bases of solitary phialophores are found dark brown cells in the form of small stromata, and hyphae radiate from these into the substratum. Tufts of phialophores, usually mixed with capi¬tate hyphae, arise from larger flattened stromata up to 100 µm wide.
Capitate hyphae are solitary and scattered or more usually accompany tufts of phialophores; they are simple, mostly straight, erect, brown to dark brown below, pale brown to subhyaline toward the apex, 2-4-septate, 100-170 µm long, slightly swollen (up to 11 µm) at the base, then 6-7 µm wide and tapering gradually to 3.5-42 µm, just below the slightly swollen apex which bears a hyaline cap of (?)mucilage. Phialophores are scattered and solitary but usually in tufts of up to 25; they are simple, straight or flexuous, erect, dark brown below, pale brown toward the apex, 1-6-septate, 100-460 µm long, with a basal swelling up to 14 µm wide; above the swelling, phialophores are 8.5-13 µm wide tapering gradually toward the apex which is 7-9 µm wide. The apical cell is a phialide provided with a funnel-shaped, pale brown collarette 3-7 µm deep and 7-9 µm wide at the distal end with an entire or very slightly frayed margin. Phialides may proliferate through the collarette to produce a series of up to 4 phialides.
Phialospores develop singly and successively within the collarette to form a chain of up to 10 which readily secedes, or to form a cluster round the collarette. Mature phialospores are continuous, smooth, broadly obovoid to more or less rounded-obconic, truncate at the basal scar, rounded at the apex. When viewed from above the phialospores are seen to be slightly angular with 3 to 5, mostly 4, blunt corners. At each corner is seen a small, circular, thin and pale area of cell wall which presumably functions as a germ pore. Phialospores are brown to dark brown, thick-walled (up to 35 µm), 21-28 µm long, 19-28 µm wide at the distal end, and 4-7 µm wide at the flattened base.

Coloniae effusae, atrae, ex phialophoribus et hyphis capitatis compositae. Mycelium immersum, ex hyphis pallide brunneis, 2.5-3.5 µm lat. compositum. Hyphae capitatae 2-4-septatae, 100-170 µm long, brunneae vel atrobrunneae, 6-7 µm lat., apicem versus pallide brunneae vel subhyalinae, ad 3.4-4.2 µm attenuatae, dein in capitem paullum inflatum, interdum tunica (?)mucosa, praeditum. Phialophora solitaria vel ad 25 in floccis aggregata, simplicia, recta vel flexuosa, basi atrobrunnea, apicem versus pallidiore, 1-6-septata, 8.5-14 µm lat., apicem versus 7-9 µm attenuata, dein in phialidam cylindricam terminata. Strophium infundibuliforme, 3-7 µm alt., 7-9 µm lat. Proliferat phiala per strophium et phialam novam gerat; ita series linearis phialidarum usque ad 4 nata. Phialospora brunnea vel atrobrunnea, a late obovoidea rotundato-obconica, basi truncata, apice plus minusve 3-5-, plerumque 4-angulata, 21-28 µm long., 19-28 µm lat., sive catenulata sive circa strophium aggregata.

Habitat in ligno putrido Dacrydii cupressini, Nothofagi solandri var. cliffortioidis, Viticis lucentis nec non in ligno putrido plantae ignotae.
Typus in ligno putrido, New Zealand, Auckland Province, Mangorewa Gorge, 20.III.1963, J.M.D., PDD 20676 (DAOM 93560a).

COLLECTIONS: On rotten wood of (1) Coprosma lucida, Auckland Province, summit of Whitianga Road, Coromandel Peninsula, 21.VIII.1963, DAOM 93570d; (2) Coprosma sp., Auckland Prov., Kite Kite Stream, Waitakere Ranges, 31.I.1963, J.M.D., PDD 20520 (DAOM93567a)*; (3) Coprosma sp., Auckland Prov., Anawhata Road, Waitakere Ranges, 3.X.1963, J.M.D., DAOM 93578; (4) Freycinetia banksii; Auckland Prov., Upper Piha Valley, Waitakere Ranges, 9.X.1963, DAOM 93577a; (5) Griselinia lucida, Okuku Saddle, N of Oxford, North Canterbury, 19.X.1963. J.M.D., DAOM 93596b; (6) Leptospermum ericoides, Auckland Prov., Cornwallis, 31.XII.1962, J.M.D., PDD 20400 (DAOM 93568a) ; (7) Metrosideros robusta, Auckland Prov., Upper Piha Valley, Waitakere Ranges, 9.X.1963, J.M.D., PDD 21603 (type) (DAOM 93575) ; (8) Neopanax arboreum, Auckland Prov., Anawhata Road, Waitakere Ranges, 3.X.1963, J.M.D., PDD 21582 (DAOM 93579); (9) Olearia rani, Auckland Prov., Walker Bush, Henderson Valley, Waitakere Ranges, 24.X.1963, DAOM 93595a; (10) Weinmannia racemosa, Westland, Lake Ianthe, Pukekura, 8.IV.1963, PDD 20730 (DAOM 93565b). On rotten wood, Auckland Prov., Waitakere Ranges; (11) Titirangi, 15.VIII.1963, DAOM 93571; (12) Waiatarua, 15.II.1963, DAOM 93566d; (13) Upper Piha Valley, 2.V.1963, DAOM 93564.

Colonies form a sparse, tufted or velutinous, black growth of phialophores, capitate hyphae, and sometimes perithecia. Mycelium immersed, composed of pale brown to brown, branched, septate hyphae 2.5-3.5 µm, wide. Round the bases of solitary phialophores are found dark brown cells in the form of.small stromata, and hyphae radiate from these into the substratum. Tufts of phialophores, usually mixed with capitate hyphae, arise from larger flattened stromata up to 70 µm wide. Capitate hyphae are solitary and scattered or more usually they accompany tufts of phialophores ; they are simple, mostly straight, erect, brown to dark brown below, pale brown to subhyaline toward the apex, 3-5-septate, 100-200 µm long, slightly swollen (up to 10 µm) at the base, then 7-8.5 µm wide and tapering gradually to 3-4 µm just below the slightly swollen apex which bears a hyaline cap of (?)mucilage. Phialophores are scattered and solitary or in tufts of up to 12; they are simple, straight or flexuous, erect, brown to dark brown below, usually pale brawn toward the apex but sometimes dark brown, 1-7-septate, 50-330 µm long, with a basal swelling up to 14 µm wide; above the swelling phialophores are 6.5-11.5 µm wide tapering gradually toward the apex which is 5.6-7.5 µm wide. The apical cell is a cylindrical phialide provided with a funnel-shaped, pale brown to dark brown collarette, 2.8-5.6 µm deep and 10.3-11.3 µm wide at the distal end, with an entire but later a slightly ragged margin. Phialides may proliferate through the collarette to produce a series of up to five phialides. Phialospores develop singly and successively within the collarette to form either a chain of up to eight, which readily secedes, or to form a cluster round the collarette. Mature phialospores are continuous, smooth, rounded-obconic, truncate at the basal scar, rounded or flattened at the apex. When viewed from above they have the appearance of a square or pentagon with blunt or occasionally acute corners and slightly concave sides.
At each corner is seen a small, circular, thin, and pale area of cell wall which presumably functions as a germ pore. Phialospores are brown to dark brown, thick-walled (up to 2.3 µm), 12.6-17.5 µm long, 11.4-18.2 µm wide at the distal end and 3.3-4.8 µm wide at the flattened base.
Perithecia are superficial, solitary or in groups of 2 to 6 growing amongst phialophores and capitate hyphae. They are globose with a short ostiolar papilla, black, 150-220 µm, in diameter with a wall 15-22 µm thick, bearing 10 to 20 radiating and usually upwardly bent capitate hyphae; rarely 1 or 2 phialophores have been seen growing out from the perithecial wall.
Asci are unitunicate with a non-amyloid annulus near the apex, cylindrical-clavate, 8-spored, subsessile, 80-100 x 9-10.8 µm. Ascospores are distichous, ellipsoidal, and slightly curved, hyaline, finally 3-septate, 20-24 x 4.5-5.4 µm.

Coloniae effusae, atrae, ex phialophoribus et hyphis capitatis atque interdum peritheciis compositae. Mycelium immersum ex hyphis pallide brunneis vel brunneis, 2.5-3.5 µm lat. compositum. Hyphae capitatae 3-5 septatae, 100-200 µm long., basi brunneae vel atrobrunneae, 7-8.5 µm lat., apicem versus pallide brunneae vel subhyalinae, ad 3-4 µm attenuatae, dein in capitem paullum inflatum, interdum tunica (?)mucosa, praeditum. Phialophora solitaria vel ad 12 in floccis aggregata, simplicia, recta vel flexuosa, brunnea vet atrobrunnea, 1-7-septata, 6.5-11.5 µm lat., apicem versus 5.6-7.5 µm attenuata, dein in phialidam cylindricam terminata. Strophium infundibuliforme, 2.8-5.6 µm alt., 10.3-11.3 µm lat. Proliferat phiala per strophium et phialam novam gerat; ita series linearis phialidarum usque ad 5 nata. Phialospora brunnea, rotundato-obconica, basi truncata, apice 4-5-angulata, 12.6-17.5 µm long., 11.4-18.2 µm lat., sive catenulata sive circa strophium aggregata. Perithecia superficialia, solitaria vel 2-6 aggregata, globosa, papillata, 150-220 µm diam., hyphis capitatis 10-20, rare phialophoribusque 1 vel 2, radiantibus in parietam insertis praedita; paries 15-22 µm crassus. Asci unitunicati, cylindraceo-clavati, octospori, subsessiles, 80-100 x 9-10-8 µm. Ascosporae distichae, ellipsoideae, curvatae, hyaline, 3-septatae, 20-24 x 4.5-5.4 µm.

Habitat in ligno putrido Coprosmae lucidae, Coprosmae spp., Freycinetiae banksii, Griseliniae lucidae, Leptospermi ericoidis, Metrosideros robustae, Neopanacis arborei, Oleariae rani, Weinmanniae racemosae, nec non in ligno putrido planta ignota.

Typus in ligno putrido Metrosideros robustae, New Zealand, Auckland Province, Upper Piha Valley, Waitakere Ranges, 9.X.1963, leg. J. M. Dingley, PDD 21603 (DAOM 93575).

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