Xylaria palmicola was introduced by G. Winter (1887) from seeds of Euterpe sp. (Arecaceae) in Brazil. This species is characterized by slender, cylindrical, and long stroma, simple, with pointed apex, perithecia rather prominent, brown surface with longitudinally along numerous and closely spaced parallel cracks, stipes defined well, very long, becoming longitudinally wrinkled and some twisted when dried, and ascospores with pointed ends [74]. There is no sequence data of the type of X. palmicola, but a putatively named collection (PDD604) from New Zealand [27]. In the phylogenetic tree, the strain from New Zealand distributed in the genus Heteroxylaria (Figure 1). Based on morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses, we propose the transfer of X. palmicola into Heteroxylaria.